diff --git a/math/src/main/java/com/powsybl/math/matrix/DenseMatrix.java b/math/src/main/java/com/powsybl/math/matrix/DenseMatrix.java
index 4b123e23c1a..4d14277056b 100644
--- a/math/src/main/java/com/powsybl/math/matrix/DenseMatrix.java
+++ b/math/src/main/java/com/powsybl/math/matrix/DenseMatrix.java
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@
 package com.powsybl.math.matrix;
 
 import com.google.common.base.Strings;
+import org.slf4j.Logger;
+import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 import java.io.PrintStream;
 import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
@@ -22,6 +24,10 @@
  */
 public class DenseMatrix extends AbstractMatrix {
 
+    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DenseMatrix.class);
+
+    public static final int MAX_ELEMENT_COUNT = Integer.MAX_VALUE / Double.BYTES;
+
     /**
      * Dense element implementation.
      * An element in a dense matrix is defined by its row index and column index.
@@ -61,8 +67,15 @@ public void add(double value) {
     private final ByteBuffer buffer;
 
     private static ByteBuffer createBuffer(int rowCount, int columnCount) {
-        return ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(rowCount * columnCount * Double.BYTES)
-                .order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+        try {
+            int capacity = Math.multiplyExact(Math.multiplyExact(rowCount, columnCount), Double.BYTES);
+            return ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(capacity)
+                    .order(ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN);
+        } catch (ArithmeticException e) {
+            LOGGER.error(e.toString(), e);
+            throw new MatrixException("Too many elements for a dense matrix, maximum allowed is "
+                    + MAX_ELEMENT_COUNT);
+        }
     }
 
     public DenseMatrix(int rowCount, int columnCount, double[] values) {
diff --git a/math/src/test/java/com/powsybl/math/matrix/DenseMatrixTest.java b/math/src/test/java/com/powsybl/math/matrix/DenseMatrixTest.java
index 5f6b2039544..4329a36a021 100644
--- a/math/src/test/java/com/powsybl/math/matrix/DenseMatrixTest.java
+++ b/math/src/test/java/com/powsybl/math/matrix/DenseMatrixTest.java
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@
 package com.powsybl.math.matrix;
 
 import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
+import com.powsybl.commons.PowsyblException;
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
 
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -107,4 +108,11 @@ void testDenseMultiplication() {
         assertEquals(0, c.get(0, 1), EPSILON);
         assertEquals(0, c.get(1, 1), EPSILON);
     }
+
+    @Test
+    void testTooManyElementDenseMatrix() {
+        PowsyblException e = assertThrows(PowsyblException.class, () -> new DenseMatrix(100000, 10000));
+        assertEquals("Too many elements for a dense matrix, maximum allowed is 268435455", e.getMessage());
+        assertEquals(268435455, DenseMatrix.MAX_ELEMENT_COUNT);
+    }
 }