diff --git a/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/AbstractEquipmentTopologyVisitor.java b/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/AbstractEquipmentTopologyVisitor.java
index f8c6770c64d..071dd089249 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/AbstractEquipmentTopologyVisitor.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/AbstractEquipmentTopologyVisitor.java
@@ -63,4 +63,9 @@ public void visitStaticVarCompensator(StaticVarCompensator staticVarCompensator)
     public void visitHvdcConverterStation(HvdcConverterStation<?> converterStation) {
         visitEquipment(converterStation);
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public void visitGround(Ground ground) {
+        visitEquipment(ground);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/AbstractTerminalTopologyVisitor.java b/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/AbstractTerminalTopologyVisitor.java
index 91f19da209c..16d6950a3cb 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/AbstractTerminalTopologyVisitor.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/AbstractTerminalTopologyVisitor.java
@@ -76,4 +76,9 @@ public void visitStaticVarCompensator(StaticVarCompensator staticVarCompensator)
     public void visitHvdcConverterStation(HvdcConverterStation<?> converterStation) {
         visitInjection(converterStation);
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public void visitGround(Ground ground) {
+        visitInjection(ground);
+    }
 }
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/DefaultTopologyVisitor.java b/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/DefaultTopologyVisitor.java
index ae6a97243dd..adb1d10fb6d 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/DefaultTopologyVisitor.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/DefaultTopologyVisitor.java
@@ -66,4 +66,9 @@ public void visitStaticVarCompensator(StaticVarCompensator staticVarCompensator)
     public void visitHvdcConverterStation(HvdcConverterStation<?> converterStation) {
         // empty default implementation
     }
+
+    @Override
+    public void visitGround(Ground ground) {
+        // empty default implementation
+    }
 }
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/Ground.java b/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/Ground.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..adfd11e720c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/Ground.java
@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023, RTE (http://www.rte-france.com)
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ */
+package com.powsybl.iidm.network;
+
+/**
+ * @author Nicolas Rol {@literal <nicolas.rol at rte-france.com>}
+ */
+public interface Ground extends Injection<Ground> {
+
+    @Override
+    default IdentifiableType getType() {
+        return IdentifiableType.GROUND;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/GroundAdder.java b/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/GroundAdder.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..490affa4f19
--- /dev/null
+++ b/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/GroundAdder.java
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023, RTE (http://www.rte-france.com)
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ */
+package com.powsybl.iidm.network;
+
+/**
+ * @author Nicolas Rol {@literal <nicolas.rol at rte-france.com>}
+ */
+public interface GroundAdder extends InjectionAdder<Ground, GroundAdder> {
+    @Override
+    Ground add();
+}
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/IdentifiableType.java b/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/IdentifiableType.java
index 7f5dcc6168e..7e7fc9a7307 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/IdentifiableType.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/IdentifiableType.java
@@ -29,5 +29,6 @@ public enum IdentifiableType {
     DANGLING_LINE,
     STATIC_VAR_COMPENSATOR,
     HVDC_CONVERTER_STATION,
-    OVERLOAD_MANAGEMENT_SYSTEM
+    OVERLOAD_MANAGEMENT_SYSTEM,
+    GROUND
 }
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/Network.java b/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/Network.java
index 65de0bab69f..bf1d1a25055 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/Network.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/Network.java
@@ -1161,11 +1161,32 @@ default HvdcLine getHvdcLine(HvdcConverterStation converterStation) {
      */
     HvdcLineAdder newHvdcLine();
 
+    /**
+     * Get all grounds.
+     */
+    Iterable<Ground> getGrounds();
 
     /**
-     * Get an equipment by its ID or alias
+     * Get all grounds.
+     */
+    Stream<Ground> getGroundStream();
+
+    /**
+     * Get the ground count.
+     */
+    int getGroundCount();
+
+    /**
+     * Get a ground.
      *
-     * @param id the id or an alias of the equipment
+     * @param id the id or an alias of the ground
+     */
+    Ground getGround(String id);
+
+    /**
+     * * Get an identifiable by its ID or alias
+     *
+     * @param id the id or an alias of the identifiable
      */
     Identifiable<?> getIdentifiable(String id);
 
@@ -1416,6 +1437,8 @@ default Stream<Identifiable<?>> getIdentifiableStream(IdentifiableType identifia
                 return getHvdcConverterStationStream().map(Function.identity());
             case STATIC_VAR_COMPENSATOR:
                 return getStaticVarCompensatorStream().map(Function.identity());
+            case GROUND:
+                return getGroundStream().map(Function.identity());
             default:
                 throw new PowsyblException("can get a stream of " + identifiableType + " from a network.");
         }
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/TopologyVisitor.java b/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/TopologyVisitor.java
index 7fd37048b92..38ad3104dfe 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/TopologyVisitor.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/TopologyVisitor.java
@@ -36,4 +36,6 @@ default void visitBattery(Battery battery) {
 
     default void visitHvdcConverterStation(HvdcConverterStation<?> converterStation) {
     }
+
+    void visitGround(Ground connectable);
 }
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/VoltageLevel.java b/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/VoltageLevel.java
index 4e45848e7f7..eecd4f4036b 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/VoltageLevel.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-api/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/VoltageLevel.java
@@ -14,7 +14,10 @@
 import java.io.PrintStream;
 import java.io.Writer;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.util.*;
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.Optional;
+import java.util.Random;
 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
 import java.util.stream.IntStream;
 import java.util.stream.Stream;
@@ -827,7 +830,7 @@ default Stream<Bus> getBusStreamFromBusViewBusId(String mergedBusId) {
         Switch getSwitch(String switchId);
 
         /**
-         * Get a builer to create a new switch.
+         * Get a builder to create a new switch.
          *
          * @throws com.powsybl.commons.PowsyblException if the topology kind is NODE_BREAKER
          */
@@ -1249,6 +1252,26 @@ default Stream<DanglingLine> getDanglingLineStream() {
      */
     int getThreeWindingsTransformerCount();
 
+    /**
+     * Get a builder to create a new ground.
+     */
+    GroundAdder newGround();
+
+    /**
+     * Get grounds.
+     */
+    Iterable<Ground> getGrounds();
+
+    /**
+     * Get grounds.
+     */
+    Stream<Ground> getGroundStream();
+
+    /**
+     * Get ground count.
+     */
+    int getGroundCount();
+
     /**
      * Remove this voltage level from the network.
      */
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/AbstractBus.java b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/AbstractBus.java
index aa420b2d9d7..71d0fc7da3e 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/AbstractBus.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/AbstractBus.java
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ public double getP() {
                 case TWO_WINDINGS_TRANSFORMER:
                 case THREE_WINDINGS_TRANSFORMER:
                 case DANGLING_LINE:
+                case GROUND:
                     // skip
                     break;
                 case GENERATOR:
@@ -113,6 +114,7 @@ public double getQ() {
                 case TWO_WINDINGS_TRANSFORMER:
                 case THREE_WINDINGS_TRANSFORMER:
                 case DANGLING_LINE:
+                case GROUND:
                     // skip
                     break;
                 case GENERATOR:
@@ -338,6 +340,10 @@ static <T extends Terminal> void visitEquipments(Iterable<T> terminals, Topology
                     visitor.visitHvdcConverterStation((HvdcConverterStation<?>) connectable);
                     break;
 
+                case GROUND:
+                    visitor.visitGround((GroundImpl) connectable);
+                    break;
+
                 default:
                     throw new IllegalStateException();
             }
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/AbstractHvdcConverterStationAdder.java b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/AbstractHvdcConverterStationAdder.java
index 4a6cff3927a..a18c1e57f01 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/AbstractHvdcConverterStationAdder.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/AbstractHvdcConverterStationAdder.java
@@ -13,19 +13,12 @@
  */
 public abstract class AbstractHvdcConverterStationAdder<T extends AbstractHvdcConverterStationAdder<T>> extends AbstractInjectionAdder<T> {
 
-    private final VoltageLevelExt voltageLevel;
-
     private float lossFactor = Float.NaN;
 
     AbstractHvdcConverterStationAdder(VoltageLevelExt voltageLevel) {
         this.voltageLevel = voltageLevel;
     }
 
-    @Override
-    protected NetworkImpl getNetwork() {
-        return voltageLevel.getNetwork();
-    }
-
     protected VoltageLevelExt getVoltageLevel() {
         return voltageLevel;
     }
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/AbstractInjectionAdder.java b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/AbstractInjectionAdder.java
index 5fdc06e079d..aa47c2bc9f7 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/AbstractInjectionAdder.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/AbstractInjectionAdder.java
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ abstract class AbstractInjectionAdder<T extends AbstractInjectionAdder<T>> exten
 
     private String connectableBus;
 
+    protected VoltageLevelExt voltageLevel;
+
     public T setNode(int node) {
         this.node = node;
         return (T) this;
@@ -35,10 +37,17 @@ public T setConnectableBus(String connectableBus) {
         return (T) this;
     }
 
-    protected abstract Ref<? extends VariantManagerHolder> getVariantManagerHolder();
+    @Override
+    protected NetworkImpl getNetwork() {
+        return voltageLevel.getNetwork();
+    }
+
+    protected Ref<NetworkImpl> getNetworkRef() {
+        return voltageLevel.getNetworkRef();
+    }
 
     protected TerminalExt checkAndGetTerminal() {
-        return new TerminalBuilder(getVariantManagerHolder(), this)
+        return new TerminalBuilder(getNetworkRef(), this)
                 .setNode(node)
                 .setBus(bus)
                 .setConnectableBus(connectableBus)
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/AbstractVoltageLevel.java b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/AbstractVoltageLevel.java
index 238982545a6..8dfe5e052dc 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/AbstractVoltageLevel.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/AbstractVoltageLevel.java
@@ -424,6 +424,26 @@ public Stream<ThreeWindingsTransformer> getThreeWindingsTransformerStream() {
         return getConnectableStream(ThreeWindingsTransformer.class);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public GroundAdder newGround() {
+        return new GroundAdderImpl(this);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Iterable<Ground> getGrounds() {
+        return getConnectables(Ground.class);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Stream<Ground> getGroundStream() {
+        return getConnectableStream(Ground.class);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getGroundCount() {
+        return getConnectableCount(Ground.class);
+    }
+
     @Override
     protected String getTypeDescription() {
         return "Voltage level";
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/BatteryAdderImpl.java b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/BatteryAdderImpl.java
index 305b8a5d9fc..db71fa7b259 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/BatteryAdderImpl.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/BatteryAdderImpl.java
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 
 import com.powsybl.iidm.network.BatteryAdder;
 import com.powsybl.iidm.network.ValidationUtil;
-import com.powsybl.iidm.network.impl.util.Ref;
 
 import java.util.Objects;
 
@@ -19,8 +18,6 @@
  */
 public class BatteryAdderImpl extends AbstractInjectionAdder<BatteryAdderImpl> implements BatteryAdder {
 
-    private final VoltageLevelExt voltageLevel;
-
     private double targetP = Double.NaN;
 
     private double targetQ = Double.NaN;
@@ -33,14 +30,6 @@ public BatteryAdderImpl(VoltageLevelExt voltageLevel) {
         this.voltageLevel = Objects.requireNonNull(voltageLevel);
     }
 
-    /**
-     * {@inheritDoc}
-     */
-    @Override
-    protected NetworkImpl getNetwork() {
-        return voltageLevel.getNetwork();
-    }
-
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
@@ -85,15 +74,6 @@ public BatteryAdderImpl setMaxP(double maxP) {
         return this;
     }
 
-    @Override
-    protected Ref<? extends VariantManagerHolder> getVariantManagerHolder() {
-        return getNetworkRef();
-    }
-
-    private Ref<NetworkImpl> getNetworkRef() {
-        return voltageLevel.getNetworkRef();
-    }
-
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/BusBreakerVoltageLevel.java b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/BusBreakerVoltageLevel.java
index 25b69a36947..b025a984af2 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/BusBreakerVoltageLevel.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/BusBreakerVoltageLevel.java
@@ -213,6 +213,8 @@ protected boolean isBusValid(Set<ConfiguredBus> busSet) {
                     case STATIC_VAR_COMPENSATOR:
                         feederCount++;
                         break;
+                    case GROUND:
+                        break;
 
                     case BUSBAR_SECTION: // must not happend in a bus/breaker topology
                     default:
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/DanglingLineAdderImpl.java b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/DanglingLineAdderImpl.java
index 47db5f62801..dd36fcd980a 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/DanglingLineAdderImpl.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/DanglingLineAdderImpl.java
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 
 import com.powsybl.iidm.network.DanglingLineAdder;
 import com.powsybl.iidm.network.ValidationUtil;
-import com.powsybl.iidm.network.impl.util.Ref;
 
 /**
  *
@@ -18,8 +17,6 @@
  */
 class DanglingLineAdderImpl extends AbstractInjectionAdder<DanglingLineAdderImpl> implements DanglingLineAdder {
 
-    private final VoltageLevelExt voltageLevel;
-
     private double p0 = Double.NaN;
 
     private double q0 = Double.NaN;
@@ -40,11 +37,6 @@ class DanglingLineAdderImpl extends AbstractInjectionAdder<DanglingLineAdderImpl
         this.voltageLevel = voltageLevel;
     }
 
-    @Override
-    public NetworkImpl getNetwork() {
-        return voltageLevel.getNetwork();
-    }
-
     void setGenerationAdder(GenerationAdderImpl adder) {
         generationAdder = adder;
     }
@@ -96,15 +88,6 @@ public DanglingLineAdder setPairingKey(String pairingKey) {
         return this;
     }
 
-    @Override
-    protected Ref<? extends VariantManagerHolder> getVariantManagerHolder() {
-        return getNetworkRef();
-    }
-
-    private Ref<NetworkImpl> getNetworkRef() {
-        return voltageLevel.getNetworkRef();
-    }
-
     @Override
     public GenerationAdder newGeneration() {
         return new GenerationAdderImpl(this);
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/GeneratorAdderImpl.java b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/GeneratorAdderImpl.java
index e347b98734a..5913e770cfd 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/GeneratorAdderImpl.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/GeneratorAdderImpl.java
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 package com.powsybl.iidm.network.impl;
 
 import com.powsybl.iidm.network.*;
-import com.powsybl.iidm.network.impl.util.Ref;
 
 /**
  *
@@ -15,8 +14,6 @@
  */
 class GeneratorAdderImpl extends AbstractInjectionAdder<GeneratorAdderImpl> implements GeneratorAdder {
 
-    private final VoltageLevelExt voltageLevel;
-
     private EnergySource energySource = EnergySource.OTHER;
 
     private double minP = Double.NaN;
@@ -39,11 +36,6 @@ class GeneratorAdderImpl extends AbstractInjectionAdder<GeneratorAdderImpl> impl
         this.voltageLevel = voltageLevel;
     }
 
-    @Override
-    protected NetworkImpl getNetwork() {
-        return voltageLevel.getNetwork();
-    }
-
     @Override
     protected String getTypeDescription() {
         return "Generator";
@@ -103,15 +95,6 @@ public GeneratorAdder setRatedS(double ratedS) {
         return this;
     }
 
-    @Override
-    protected Ref<? extends VariantManagerHolder> getVariantManagerHolder() {
-        return getNetworkRef();
-    }
-
-    private Ref<NetworkImpl> getNetworkRef() {
-        return voltageLevel.getNetworkRef();
-    }
-
     @Override
     public GeneratorImpl add() {
         NetworkImpl network = getNetwork();
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/GroundAdderImpl.java b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/GroundAdderImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..ad5756892f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/GroundAdderImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023, RTE (http://www.rte-france.com)
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ */
+package com.powsybl.iidm.network.impl;
+
+import com.powsybl.iidm.network.GroundAdder;
+
+/**
+ * @author Nicolas Rol {@literal <nicolas.rol at rte-france.com>}
+ */
+class GroundAdderImpl extends AbstractInjectionAdder<GroundAdderImpl> implements GroundAdder {
+
+    GroundAdderImpl(VoltageLevelExt voltageLevel) {
+        this.voltageLevel = voltageLevel;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected String getTypeDescription() {
+        return "Ground";
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public GroundImpl add() {
+        NetworkImpl network = getNetwork();
+        String id = checkAndGetUniqueId();
+        TerminalExt terminal = checkAndGetTerminal();
+        GroundImpl ground = new GroundImpl(getNetworkRef(), id, id);
+        ground.addTerminal(terminal);
+        voltageLevel.attach(terminal, false);
+        network.getIndex().checkAndAdd(ground);
+        network.getListeners().notifyCreation(ground);
+        return ground;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/GroundImpl.java b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/GroundImpl.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..d73bafee4ad
--- /dev/null
+++ b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/GroundImpl.java
@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023, RTE (http://www.rte-france.com)
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ */
+package com.powsybl.iidm.network.impl;
+
+import com.powsybl.commons.PowsyblException;
+import com.powsybl.iidm.network.Ground;
+import com.powsybl.iidm.network.impl.util.Ref;
+
+/**
+ * @author Nicolas Rol {@literal <nicolas.rol at rte-france.com>}
+ */
+class GroundImpl extends AbstractConnectable<Ground> implements Ground {
+
+    GroundImpl(Ref<NetworkImpl> networkRef,
+               String id, String name) {
+        super(networkRef, id, name, false);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public TerminalExt getTerminal() {
+        return terminals.get(0);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void setFictitious(boolean fictitious) {
+        if (fictitious) {
+            throw new PowsyblException("The ground cannot be fictitious.");
+        } else {
+            this.fictitious = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected String getTypeDescription() {
+        return "Ground";
+    }
+}
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/LccConverterStationAdderImpl.java b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/LccConverterStationAdderImpl.java
index 544980fee77..fc8433908fc 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/LccConverterStationAdderImpl.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/LccConverterStationAdderImpl.java
@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@
 import com.powsybl.iidm.network.LccConverterStation;
 import com.powsybl.iidm.network.LccConverterStationAdder;
 import com.powsybl.iidm.network.ValidationUtil;
-import com.powsybl.iidm.network.impl.util.Ref;
 
 /**
  * @author Geoffroy Jamgotchian {@literal <geoffroy.jamgotchian at rte-france.com>}
@@ -34,15 +33,6 @@ public LccConverterStationAdder setPowerFactor(float powerFactor) {
         return this;
     }
 
-    @Override
-    protected Ref<? extends VariantManagerHolder> getVariantManagerHolder() {
-        return getNetworkRef();
-    }
-
-    private Ref<NetworkImpl> getNetworkRef() {
-        return getVoltageLevel().getNetworkRef();
-    }
-
     @Override
     public LccConverterStation add() {
         String id = checkAndGetUniqueId();
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/LoadAdderImpl.java b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/LoadAdderImpl.java
index 0bbd64ad3f7..68ace062f85 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/LoadAdderImpl.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/LoadAdderImpl.java
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 package com.powsybl.iidm.network.impl;
 
 import com.powsybl.iidm.network.*;
-import com.powsybl.iidm.network.impl.util.Ref;
 
 /**
  *
@@ -15,8 +14,6 @@
  */
 class LoadAdderImpl extends AbstractInjectionAdder<LoadAdderImpl> implements LoadAdder {
 
-    private final VoltageLevelExt voltageLevel;
-
     private LoadType loadType = LoadType.UNDEFINED;
 
     private AbstractLoadModelImpl model;
@@ -29,11 +26,6 @@ class LoadAdderImpl extends AbstractInjectionAdder<LoadAdderImpl> implements Loa
         this.voltageLevel = voltageLevel;
     }
 
-    @Override
-    protected NetworkImpl getNetwork() {
-        return voltageLevel.getNetwork();
-    }
-
     @Override
     protected String getTypeDescription() {
         return "Load";
@@ -71,15 +63,6 @@ public ExponentialLoadModelAdder newExponentialModel() {
         return new ExponentialLoadModelAdderImpl(this);
     }
 
-    @Override
-    protected Ref<? extends VariantManagerHolder> getVariantManagerHolder() {
-        return getNetworkRef();
-    }
-
-    private Ref<NetworkImpl> getNetworkRef() {
-        return voltageLevel.getNetworkRef();
-    }
-
     @Override
     public LoadImpl add() {
         NetworkImpl network = getNetwork();
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/NetworkImpl.java b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/NetworkImpl.java
index ce8f68df56c..b714fd39920 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/NetworkImpl.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/NetworkImpl.java
@@ -719,6 +719,26 @@ public HvdcLineAdder newHvdcLine() {
         return newHvdcLine(null);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public Ground getGround(String id) {
+        return index.get(id, GroundImpl.class);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Iterable<Ground> getGrounds() {
+        return Collections.unmodifiableCollection(index.getAll(GroundImpl.class));
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Stream<Ground> getGroundStream() {
+        return index.getAll(GroundImpl.class).stream().map(Function.identity());
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getGroundCount() {
+        return index.getAll(GroundImpl.class).size();
+    }
+
     HvdcLineAdder newHvdcLine(String subnetwork) {
         return new HvdcLineAdderImpl(this, subnetwork);
     }
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/NodeBreakerVoltageLevel.java b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/NodeBreakerVoltageLevel.java
index 5467093d09c..a2496cda227 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/NodeBreakerVoltageLevel.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/NodeBreakerVoltageLevel.java
@@ -464,29 +464,16 @@ public boolean isValid(UndirectedGraph<? extends TerminalExt, SwitchImpl> graph,
                 if (terminal != null) {
                     AbstractConnectable connectable = terminal.getConnectable();
                     switch (connectable.getType()) {
-                        case LINE:
-                        case TWO_WINDINGS_TRANSFORMER:
-                        case THREE_WINDINGS_TRANSFORMER:
-                        case HVDC_CONVERTER_STATION:
-                        case DANGLING_LINE:
+                        case LINE, TWO_WINDINGS_TRANSFORMER, THREE_WINDINGS_TRANSFORMER, HVDC_CONVERTER_STATION, DANGLING_LINE -> {
                             branchCount++;
                             feederCount++;
-                            break;
-
-                        case LOAD:
-                        case GENERATOR:
-                        case BATTERY:
-                        case SHUNT_COMPENSATOR:
-                        case STATIC_VAR_COMPENSATOR:
-                            feederCount++;
-                            break;
-
-                        case BUSBAR_SECTION:
-                            busbarSectionCount++;
-                            break;
-
-                        default:
-                            throw new IllegalStateException();
+                        }
+                        case LOAD, GENERATOR, BATTERY, SHUNT_COMPENSATOR, STATIC_VAR_COMPENSATOR -> feederCount++;
+                        case BUSBAR_SECTION -> busbarSectionCount++;
+                        case GROUND -> {
+                            // Do nothing
+                        }
+                        default -> throw new IllegalStateException();
                     }
                 }
             }
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/ShuntCompensatorAdderImpl.java b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/ShuntCompensatorAdderImpl.java
index fba74598488..aff8bf9ae16 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/ShuntCompensatorAdderImpl.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/ShuntCompensatorAdderImpl.java
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@
 package com.powsybl.iidm.network.impl;
 
 import com.powsybl.iidm.network.*;
-import com.powsybl.iidm.network.impl.util.Ref;
 
 import java.util.ArrayList;
 import java.util.List;
@@ -19,8 +18,6 @@
  */
 class ShuntCompensatorAdderImpl extends AbstractInjectionAdder<ShuntCompensatorAdderImpl> implements ShuntCompensatorAdder {
 
-    private final VoltageLevelExt voltageLevel;
-
     private ShuntCompensatorModelBuilder modelBuilder;
 
     private Integer sectionCount;
@@ -37,11 +34,6 @@ class ShuntCompensatorAdderImpl extends AbstractInjectionAdder<ShuntCompensatorA
         this.voltageLevel = voltageLevel;
     }
 
-    @Override
-    protected NetworkImpl getNetwork() {
-        return voltageLevel.getNetwork();
-    }
-
     @Override
     protected String getTypeDescription() {
         return "Shunt compensator";
@@ -208,15 +200,6 @@ public ShuntCompensatorAdder setTargetDeadband(double targetDeadband) {
         return this;
     }
 
-    @Override
-    protected Ref<? extends VariantManagerHolder> getVariantManagerHolder() {
-        return getNetworkRef();
-    }
-
-    private Ref<NetworkImpl> getNetworkRef() {
-        return voltageLevel.getNetworkRef();
-    }
-
     @Override
     public ShuntCompensatorImpl add() {
         NetworkImpl network = getNetwork();
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/StaticVarCompensatorAdderImpl.java b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/StaticVarCompensatorAdderImpl.java
index 889022e7556..49986a9c987 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/StaticVarCompensatorAdderImpl.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/StaticVarCompensatorAdderImpl.java
@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@
  */
 package com.powsybl.iidm.network.impl;
 
-import com.powsybl.iidm.network.*;
-import com.powsybl.iidm.network.impl.util.Ref;
+import com.powsybl.iidm.network.StaticVarCompensator;
+import com.powsybl.iidm.network.StaticVarCompensatorAdder;
+import com.powsybl.iidm.network.Terminal;
+import com.powsybl.iidm.network.ValidationUtil;
 
 import java.util.Objects;
 
@@ -16,8 +18,6 @@
  */
 class StaticVarCompensatorAdderImpl extends AbstractInjectionAdder<StaticVarCompensatorAdderImpl> implements StaticVarCompensatorAdder {
 
-    private final VoltageLevelExt vl;
-
     private double bMin = Double.NaN;
 
     private double bMax = Double.NaN;
@@ -31,12 +31,7 @@ class StaticVarCompensatorAdderImpl extends AbstractInjectionAdder<StaticVarComp
     private TerminalExt regulatingTerminal;
 
     StaticVarCompensatorAdderImpl(VoltageLevelExt vl) {
-        this.vl = Objects.requireNonNull(vl);
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    protected NetworkImpl getNetwork() {
-        return vl.getNetwork();
+        this.voltageLevel = Objects.requireNonNull(vl);
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -80,15 +75,6 @@ public StaticVarCompensatorAdderImpl setRegulatingTerminal(Terminal regulatingTe
         return this;
     }
 
-    @Override
-    protected Ref<? extends VariantManagerHolder> getVariantManagerHolder() {
-        return getNetworkRef();
-    }
-
-    private Ref<NetworkImpl> getNetworkRef() {
-        return vl.getNetworkRef();
-    }
-
     @Override
     public StaticVarCompensatorImpl add() {
         NetworkImpl network = getNetwork();
@@ -103,7 +89,7 @@ public StaticVarCompensatorImpl add() {
                 regulationMode, regulatingTerminal != null ? regulatingTerminal : terminal,
                 getNetworkRef());
         svc.addTerminal(terminal);
-        vl.attach(terminal, false);
+        voltageLevel.attach(terminal, false);
         network.getIndex().checkAndAdd(svc);
         network.getListeners().notifyCreation(svc);
         return svc;
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/SubnetworkImpl.java b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/SubnetworkImpl.java
index c0673bb2994..577b9bb7ac0 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/SubnetworkImpl.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/SubnetworkImpl.java
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@
 import com.powsybl.iidm.network.*;
 import com.powsybl.iidm.network.impl.util.RefChain;
 import com.powsybl.iidm.network.impl.util.RefObj;
-import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
+import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
 import java.util.*;
 import java.util.function.Function;
 import java.util.function.Predicate;
@@ -619,6 +619,27 @@ public HvdcLineAdder newHvdcLine() {
         return getNetwork().newHvdcLine(id);
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public Ground getGround(String id) {
+        Ground s = getNetwork().getGround(id);
+        return contains(s) ? s : null;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Iterable<Ground> getGrounds() {
+        return getGroundStream().toList();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public Stream<Ground> getGroundStream() {
+        return getNetwork().getGroundStream().filter(this::contains);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public int getGroundCount() {
+        return (int) getGroundStream().count();
+    }
+
     @Override
     public Identifiable<?> getIdentifiable(String id) {
         Identifiable<?> i = getNetwork().getIdentifiable(id);
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/VscConverterStationAdderImpl.java b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/VscConverterStationAdderImpl.java
index 9d0d264be5d..45a0e07c799 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/VscConverterStationAdderImpl.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/VscConverterStationAdderImpl.java
@@ -8,9 +8,8 @@
 
 import com.powsybl.iidm.network.Terminal;
 import com.powsybl.iidm.network.ValidationLevel;
-import com.powsybl.iidm.network.VscConverterStationAdder;
 import com.powsybl.iidm.network.ValidationUtil;
-import com.powsybl.iidm.network.impl.util.Ref;
+import com.powsybl.iidm.network.VscConverterStationAdder;
 
 /**
  * @author Geoffroy Jamgotchian {@literal <geoffroy.jamgotchian at rte-france.com>}
@@ -59,15 +58,6 @@ public VscConverterStationAdder setRegulatingTerminal(Terminal regulatingTermina
         return this;
     }
 
-    @Override
-    protected Ref<? extends VariantManagerHolder> getVariantManagerHolder() {
-        return getNetworkRef();
-    }
-
-    private Ref<NetworkImpl> getNetworkRef() {
-        return getVoltageLevel().getNetworkRef();
-    }
-
     @Override
     public VscConverterStationImpl add() {
         NetworkImpl network = getNetwork();
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-impl/src/test/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/tck/GroundTest.java b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/test/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/tck/GroundTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5fa4d54372b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/iidm/iidm-impl/src/test/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/impl/tck/GroundTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023, RTE (http://www.rte-france.com)
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ */
+package com.powsybl.iidm.network.impl.tck;
+
+import com.powsybl.iidm.network.tck.AbstractGroundTest;
+
+/**
+ * @author Nicolas Rol {@literal <nicolas.rol at rte-france.com>}
+ */
+class GroundTest extends AbstractGroundTest {
+}
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-serde/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/serde/GroundSerDe.java b/iidm/iidm-serde/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/serde/GroundSerDe.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..7eb26230d54
--- /dev/null
+++ b/iidm/iidm-serde/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/serde/GroundSerDe.java
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023, RTE (http://www.rte-france.com)
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ */
+package com.powsybl.iidm.serde;
+
+import com.powsybl.iidm.network.Ground;
+import com.powsybl.iidm.network.GroundAdder;
+import com.powsybl.iidm.network.VoltageLevel;
+
+import static com.powsybl.iidm.serde.ConnectableSerDeUtil.readNodeOrBus;
+import static com.powsybl.iidm.serde.ConnectableSerDeUtil.writeNodeOrBus;
+
+/**
+ * @author Nicolas Rol {@literal <nicolas.rol at rte-france.com>}
+ */
+public class GroundSerDe extends AbstractSimpleIdentifiableSerDe<Ground, GroundAdder, VoltageLevel> {
+
+    static final GroundSerDe INSTANCE = new GroundSerDe();
+
+    static final String ROOT_ELEMENT_NAME = "ground";
+    static final String ARRAY_ELEMENT_NAME = "grounds";
+
+    @Override
+    protected String getRootElementName() {
+        return ROOT_ELEMENT_NAME;
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void writeRootElementAttributes(Ground ground, VoltageLevel vl, NetworkSerializerContext context) {
+        writeNodeOrBus(null, ground.getTerminal(), context);
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected GroundAdder createAdder(VoltageLevel voltageLevel) {
+        return voltageLevel.newGround();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected Ground readRootElementAttributes(GroundAdder adder, VoltageLevel parent, NetworkDeserializerContext context) {
+        readNodeOrBus(adder, context);
+        return adder.add();
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    protected void readSubElements(Ground ground, NetworkDeserializerContext context) {
+        context.getReader().readChildNodes(elementName -> readSubElement(elementName, ground, context));
+    }
+}
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-serde/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/serde/NetworkSerDe.java b/iidm/iidm-serde/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/serde/NetworkSerDe.java
index 5debecd41b4..9b6004138c4 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-serde/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/serde/NetworkSerDe.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-serde/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/serde/NetworkSerDe.java
@@ -565,7 +565,8 @@ private static BiMap<String, String> createArrayNameSingleNameBiMap(boolean with
                 Map.entry(VoltageAngleLimitSerDe.ARRAY_ELEMENT_NAME, VoltageAngleLimitSerDe.ROOT_ELEMENT_NAME),
                 Map.entry(VoltageLevelSerDe.ARRAY_ELEMENT_NAME, VoltageLevelSerDe.ROOT_ELEMENT_NAME),
                 Map.entry(VoltageLevelSerDe.INJ_ARRAY_ELEMENT_NAME, VoltageLevelSerDe.INJ_ROOT_ELEMENT_NAME),
-                Map.entry(VscConverterStationSerDe.ARRAY_ELEMENT_NAME, VscConverterStationSerDe.ROOT_ELEMENT_NAME));
+                Map.entry(VscConverterStationSerDe.ARRAY_ELEMENT_NAME, VscConverterStationSerDe.ROOT_ELEMENT_NAME),
+                Map.entry(GroundSerDe.ARRAY_ELEMENT_NAME, GroundSerDe.ROOT_ELEMENT_NAME));
 
         Map<String, String> extensionsMap = new HashMap<>();
         if (withExtensions) {
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-serde/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/serde/VoltageLevelSerDe.java b/iidm/iidm-serde/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/serde/VoltageLevelSerDe.java
index 78339cdcf54..bb09f0b23ff 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-serde/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/serde/VoltageLevelSerDe.java
+++ b/iidm/iidm-serde/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/serde/VoltageLevelSerDe.java
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ protected void writeSubElements(VoltageLevel vl, Container<? extends Identifiabl
         writeStaticVarCompensators(vl, context);
         writeVscConverterStations(vl, context);
         writeLccConverterStations(vl, context);
+        writeGrounds(vl, context);
     }
 
     private void writeNodeBreakerTopology(VoltageLevel vl, NetworkSerializerContext context) {
@@ -279,6 +280,17 @@ private void writeLccConverterStations(VoltageLevel vl, NetworkSerializerContext
         context.getWriter().writeEndNodes();
     }
 
+    private void writeGrounds(VoltageLevel vl, NetworkSerializerContext context) {
+        context.getWriter().writeStartNodes();
+        for (Ground g : IidmSerDeUtil.sorted(vl.getGrounds(), context.getOptions())) {
+            if (!context.getFilter().test(g)) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            GroundSerDe.INSTANCE.write(g, vl, context);
+        }
+        context.getWriter().writeEndNodes();
+    }
+
     @Override
     protected VoltageLevelAdder createAdder(Container<? extends Identifiable<?>> c) {
         if (c instanceof Network network) {
@@ -318,6 +330,7 @@ protected void readSubElements(VoltageLevel vl, NetworkDeserializerContext conte
                 case StaticVarCompensatorSerDe.ROOT_ELEMENT_NAME -> StaticVarCompensatorSerDe.INSTANCE.read(vl, context);
                 case VscConverterStationSerDe.ROOT_ELEMENT_NAME -> VscConverterStationSerDe.INSTANCE.read(vl, context);
                 case LccConverterStationSerDe.ROOT_ELEMENT_NAME -> LccConverterStationSerDe.INSTANCE.read(vl, context);
+                case GroundSerDe.ROOT_ELEMENT_NAME -> GroundSerDe.INSTANCE.read(vl, context);
                 default -> readSubElement(elementName, vl, context);
             }
         });
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-serde/src/main/resources/xsd/iidm_V1_12.xsd b/iidm/iidm-serde/src/main/resources/xsd/iidm_V1_12.xsd
index 91a8ad187f1..f1d62b6d4ff 100644
--- a/iidm/iidm-serde/src/main/resources/xsd/iidm_V1_12.xsd
+++ b/iidm/iidm-serde/src/main/resources/xsd/iidm_V1_12.xsd
@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@
                         <xs:element name="staticVarCompensator" type="iidm:StaticVarCompensator"/>
                         <xs:element name="vscConverterStation" type="iidm:VscConverterStation"/>
                         <xs:element name="lccConverterStation" type="iidm:LccConverterStation"/>
+                        <xs:element name="ground" type="iidm:Ground"/>
                     </xs:choice>
                 </xs:sequence>
                 <xs:attribute name="nominalV" use="required" type="xs:double"/>
@@ -650,4 +651,10 @@
         <xs:attribute name="highLimit" use="optional" type="xs:double"/>
         <xs:attribute name="lowLimit" use="optional" type="xs:double"/>
     </xs:complexType>
+    <xs:complexType name="Ground">
+        <xs:complexContent>
+            <xs:extension base="iidm:Injection">
+            </xs:extension>
+        </xs:complexContent>
+    </xs:complexType>
 </xs:schema>
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-serde/src/test/java/com/powsybl/iidm/serde/GroundSerDeTest.java b/iidm/iidm-serde/src/test/java/com/powsybl/iidm/serde/GroundSerDeTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..c78eaeacb60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/iidm/iidm-serde/src/test/java/com/powsybl/iidm/serde/GroundSerDeTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023, RTE (http://www.rte-france.com)
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ */
+package com.powsybl.iidm.serde;
+
+import com.powsybl.iidm.network.Network;
+import com.powsybl.iidm.network.test.TwoVoltageLevelNetworkFactory;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.io.IOException;
+
+import static com.powsybl.iidm.serde.IidmSerDeConstants.CURRENT_IIDM_VERSION;
+
+/**
+ * @author Nicolas Rol {@literal <nicolas.rol at rte-france.com>}
+ */
+class GroundSerDeTest extends AbstractIidmSerDeTest {
+
+    @Test
+    void test() throws IOException {
+        // Initialise the network
+        Network network = TwoVoltageLevelNetworkFactory.createWithGrounds();
+
+        // Test for current version
+        allFormatsRoundTripTest(network, "ground.xml", CURRENT_IIDM_VERSION);
+
+        // backward compatibility
+        allFormatsRoundTripFromVersionedXmlFromMinToCurrentVersionTest("ground.xml", IidmVersion.V_1_11);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-serde/src/test/resources/V1_11/ground.xml b/iidm/iidm-serde/src/test/resources/V1_11/ground.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..0fffadbe000
--- /dev/null
+++ b/iidm/iidm-serde/src/test/resources/V1_11/ground.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<iidm:network xmlns:iidm="http://www.powsybl.org/schema/iidm/1_11" xmlns:bbsp="http://www.itesla_project.eu/schema/iidm/ext/busbarsectionposition/1_0" id="test" caseDate="2023-12-18T14:49:00.000+01:00" forecastDistance="0" sourceFormat="test" minimumValidationLevel="STEADY_STATE_HYPOTHESIS">
+    <iidm:substation id="S" country="FR">
+        <iidm:voltageLevel id="VL1" nominalV="400.0" topologyKind="NODE_BREAKER">
+            <iidm:nodeBreakerTopology>
+                <iidm:busbarSection id="BBS1" node="0"/>
+                <iidm:busbarSection id="BBS2" node="1"/>
+                <iidm:switch id="D_0_3" kind="DISCONNECTOR" retained="false" open="false" node1="0" node2="4"/>
+                <iidm:switch id="D_1_3" kind="DISCONNECTOR" retained="false" open="false" node1="1" node2="4"/>
+                <iidm:switch id="D_0_5" kind="DISCONNECTOR" retained="false" open="false" node1="0" node2="5"/>
+                <iidm:switch id="D_1_5" kind="DISCONNECTOR" retained="false" open="false" node1="1" node2="5"/>
+                <iidm:switch id="BR_LOAD" kind="BREAKER" retained="false" open="false" node1="2" node2="4"/>
+                <iidm:switch id="BR_VL1" kind="BREAKER" retained="false" open="true" node1="3" node2="5"/>
+                <iidm:switch id="D_1_6" kind="DISCONNECTOR" retained="false" open="false" node1="1" node2="6"/>
+            </iidm:nodeBreakerTopology>
+            <iidm:load id="L" loadType="UNDEFINED" p0="1.0" q0="1.0" node="2"/>
+        </iidm:voltageLevel>
+        <iidm:voltageLevel id="VL2" nominalV="220.0" topologyKind="BUS_BREAKER">
+            <iidm:busBreakerTopology>
+                <iidm:bus id="BUS1"/>
+                <iidm:bus id="BUS2"/>
+                <iidm:switch id="BR_VL2" kind="BREAKER" retained="true" open="false" bus1="BUS1" bus2="BUS2"/>
+            </iidm:busBreakerTopology>
+            <iidm:generator id="CB" energySource="HYDRO" minP="0.0" maxP="70.0" voltageRegulatorOn="false" targetP="0.0" targetV="0.0" targetQ="0.0" bus="BUS1" connectableBus="BUS1">
+                <iidm:minMaxReactiveLimits minQ="-1.7976931348623157E308" maxQ="1.7976931348623157E308"/>
+            </iidm:generator>
+        </iidm:voltageLevel>
+        <iidm:twoWindingsTransformer id="TWT" r="2.0" x="14.745" g="0.0" b="3.2E-5" ratedU1="225.0" ratedU2="225.0" voltageLevelId1="VL1" node1="3" voltageLevelId2="VL2" bus2="BUS1" connectableBus2="BUS1"/>
+    </iidm:substation>
+    <iidm:extension id="BBS2">
+        <bbsp:busbarSectionPosition busbarIndex="2" sectionIndex="1"/>
+    </iidm:extension>
+    <iidm:extension id="BBS1">
+        <bbsp:busbarSectionPosition busbarIndex="1" sectionIndex="1"/>
+    </iidm:extension>
+</iidm:network>
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-serde/src/test/resources/V1_12/ground.xml b/iidm/iidm-serde/src/test/resources/V1_12/ground.xml
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b8e62d6934b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/iidm/iidm-serde/src/test/resources/V1_12/ground.xml
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<iidm:network xmlns:iidm="http://www.powsybl.org/schema/iidm/1_12" xmlns:bbsp="http://www.itesla_project.eu/schema/iidm/ext/busbarsectionposition/1_0" id="test" caseDate="2023-12-18T14:49:00.000+01:00" forecastDistance="0" sourceFormat="test" minimumValidationLevel="STEADY_STATE_HYPOTHESIS">
+    <iidm:substation id="S" country="FR">
+        <iidm:voltageLevel id="VL1" nominalV="400.0" topologyKind="NODE_BREAKER">
+            <iidm:nodeBreakerTopology>
+                <iidm:busbarSection id="BBS1" node="0"/>
+                <iidm:busbarSection id="BBS2" node="1"/>
+                <iidm:switch id="D_0_3" kind="DISCONNECTOR" retained="false" open="false" node1="0" node2="4"/>
+                <iidm:switch id="D_1_3" kind="DISCONNECTOR" retained="false" open="false" node1="1" node2="4"/>
+                <iidm:switch id="D_0_5" kind="DISCONNECTOR" retained="false" open="false" node1="0" node2="5"/>
+                <iidm:switch id="D_1_5" kind="DISCONNECTOR" retained="false" open="false" node1="1" node2="5"/>
+                <iidm:switch id="BR_LOAD" kind="BREAKER" retained="false" open="false" node1="2" node2="4"/>
+                <iidm:switch id="BR_VL1" kind="BREAKER" retained="false" open="true" node1="3" node2="5"/>
+                <iidm:switch id="D_1_6" kind="DISCONNECTOR" retained="false" open="false" node1="1" node2="6"/>
+            </iidm:nodeBreakerTopology>
+            <iidm:load id="L" loadType="UNDEFINED" p0="1.0" q0="1.0" node="2"/>
+            <iidm:ground id="GroundNB" name="GroundNB" node="6"/>
+        </iidm:voltageLevel>
+        <iidm:voltageLevel id="VL2" nominalV="220.0" topologyKind="BUS_BREAKER">
+            <iidm:busBreakerTopology>
+                <iidm:bus id="BUS1"/>
+                <iidm:bus id="BUS2"/>
+                <iidm:switch id="BR_VL2" kind="BREAKER" retained="true" open="false" bus1="BUS1" bus2="BUS2"/>
+            </iidm:busBreakerTopology>
+            <iidm:generator id="CB" energySource="HYDRO" minP="0.0" maxP="70.0" voltageRegulatorOn="false" targetP="0.0" targetV="0.0" targetQ="0.0" bus="BUS1" connectableBus="BUS1">
+                <iidm:minMaxReactiveLimits minQ="-1.7976931348623157E308" maxQ="1.7976931348623157E308"/>
+            </iidm:generator>
+            <iidm:ground id="GroundBB" name="GroundBB" bus="BUS2" connectableBus="BUS2"/>
+        </iidm:voltageLevel>
+        <iidm:twoWindingsTransformer id="TWT" r="2.0" x="14.745" g="0.0" b="3.2E-5" ratedU1="225.0" ratedU2="225.0" voltageLevelId1="VL1" node1="3" voltageLevelId2="VL2" bus2="BUS1" connectableBus2="BUS1"/>
+    </iidm:substation>
+    <iidm:extension id="BBS2">
+        <bbsp:busbarSectionPosition busbarIndex="2" sectionIndex="1"/>
+    </iidm:extension>
+    <iidm:extension id="BBS1">
+        <bbsp:busbarSectionPosition busbarIndex="1" sectionIndex="1"/>
+    </iidm:extension>
+</iidm:network>
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-tck/src/test/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/tck/AbstractGroundTest.java b/iidm/iidm-tck/src/test/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/tck/AbstractGroundTest.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f7027b9bd2c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/iidm/iidm-tck/src/test/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/tck/AbstractGroundTest.java
@@ -0,0 +1,280 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2023, RTE (http://www.rte-france.com)
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ */
+package com.powsybl.iidm.network.tck;
+
+import com.powsybl.commons.PowsyblException;
+import com.powsybl.iidm.network.*;
+import com.powsybl.iidm.network.extensions.BusbarSectionPositionAdder;
+import com.powsybl.iidm.network.test.TwoVoltageLevelNetworkFactory;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
+import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
+
+import java.util.Collection;
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.List;
+import java.util.regex.Pattern;
+
+import static org.junit.jupiter.api.Assertions.*;
+
+/**
+ * @author Nicolas Rol {@literal <nicolas.rol at rte-france.com>}
+ */
+public abstract class AbstractGroundTest {
+    private Network network;
+
+    @BeforeEach
+    public void initNetwork() {
+        // Network initialisation
+        network = TwoVoltageLevelNetworkFactory.create();
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void test() {
+        // Get the voltage levels
+        VoltageLevel vl1 = network.getVoltageLevel("VL1");
+        VoltageLevel vl2 = network.getVoltageLevel("VL2");
+
+        // Create disconnector and ground element in node-breaker view
+        vl1.getNodeBreakerView().newDisconnector()
+            .setId("D_1_6")
+            .setKind(SwitchKind.DISCONNECTOR)
+            .setOpen(false)
+            .setNode1(1)
+            .setNode2(6)
+            .add();
+        Ground groundNB = createGroundNodeBreaker(vl1, "GroundNB", 6, true);
+
+        // Create ground in bus-breaker view
+        Ground groundBB = createGroundBusBreaker(vl2, "GroundBB", "BUS2", true);
+
+        // List of grounds
+        List<Ground> groundList = List.of(groundNB, groundBB);
+        List<Ground> groundListVl1 = Collections.singletonList(groundNB);
+
+        // Test getters
+        assertEquals(IdentifiableType.GROUND, groundNB.getType());
+        assertEquals(IdentifiableType.GROUND, groundBB.getType());
+        assertEquals(vl1, groundNB.getTerminal().getVoltageLevel());
+        assertEquals(vl2, groundBB.getTerminal().getVoltageLevel());
+        assertEquals("GroundNB", groundNB.getId());
+        assertEquals("GroundBB", groundBB.getId());
+        assertEquals(network, groundNB.getNetwork());
+        assertEquals(network, groundBB.getNetwork());
+        assertEquals(network, groundNB.getParentNetwork());
+        assertEquals(network, groundBB.getParentNetwork());
+        assertEquals(2, network.getIdentifiableStream(IdentifiableType.GROUND).count());
+        network.getIdentifiableStream(IdentifiableType.GROUND).forEach(ground -> assertTrue(groundList.contains((Ground) ground)));
+        assertEquals(groundNB, network.getGround("GroundNB"));
+        assertEquals(2, ((Collection<?>) network.getGrounds()).size());
+        network.getGrounds().forEach(ground -> assertTrue(groundList.contains(ground)));
+        network.getGroundStream().forEach(ground -> assertTrue(groundList.contains(ground)));
+        assertEquals(2, network.getGroundCount());
+        assertNull(network.getGround("GroundNB2"));
+        assertEquals(1, ((Collection<?>) vl1.getGrounds()).size());
+        vl1.getGrounds().forEach(ground -> assertTrue(groundListVl1.contains(ground)));
+        vl1.getGroundStream().forEach(ground -> assertTrue(groundListVl1.contains(ground)));
+        assertEquals(1, vl1.getGroundCount());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testOnSubnetwork() {
+        // Subnetwork creation
+        Network subnetwork1 = createSubnetwork(network, "Sub1", "Sub1", "format1");
+        Network subnetwork2 = createSubnetwork(network, "Sub2", "Sub2", "format2");
+
+        // Get the voltage levels
+        VoltageLevel vl1Sub1 = subnetwork1.getVoltageLevel("Sub1_VL1");
+        VoltageLevel vl2Sub1 = subnetwork1.getVoltageLevel("Sub1_VL2");
+
+        // Create disconnector and ground element in node-breaker view
+        vl1Sub1.getNodeBreakerView().newDisconnector()
+            .setId("D_1_6")
+            .setKind(SwitchKind.DISCONNECTOR)
+            .setOpen(false)
+            .setNode1(1)
+            .setNode2(6)
+            .add();
+        vl1Sub1.getNodeBreakerView().newDisconnector()
+            .setId("D_2_7")
+            .setKind(SwitchKind.DISCONNECTOR)
+            .setOpen(false)
+            .setNode1(2)
+            .setNode2(7)
+            .add();
+        Ground groundNBSub16 = createGroundNodeBreaker(vl1Sub1, "GroundNBSub1_6", 6, true);
+        Ground groundNBSub17 = createGroundNodeBreaker(vl1Sub1, "GroundNBSub1_7", 7, true);
+
+        // Create ground in bus-breaker view
+        Ground groundBBSub12 = createGroundBusBreaker(vl2Sub1, "GroundBBSub1_2", "Sub1_BUS2", true);
+
+        // List of grounds
+        List<Ground> groundList = List.of(groundNBSub16, groundNBSub17, groundBBSub12);
+
+        // Assertions
+        assertEquals(groundNBSub16, subnetwork1.getGround("GroundNBSub1_6"));
+        assertEquals(3, ((List<?>) subnetwork1.getGrounds()).size());
+        subnetwork1.getGrounds().forEach(ground -> assertTrue(groundList.contains(ground)));
+        assertEquals(3, subnetwork1.getGroundStream().count());
+        subnetwork1.getGroundStream().forEach(ground -> assertTrue(groundList.contains(ground)));
+        assertEquals(3, subnetwork1.getGroundCount());
+        assertNull(subnetwork2.getGround("GroundNB"));
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testCreateSameId() {
+        // Get the voltage level
+        VoltageLevel vl1 = network.getVoltageLevel("VL1");
+        VoltageLevel vl2 = network.getVoltageLevel("VL2");
+
+        // Create first grounds
+        vl1.getNodeBreakerView().newDisconnector()
+            .setId("D_1_6")
+            .setKind(SwitchKind.DISCONNECTOR)
+            .setOpen(false)
+            .setNode1(1)
+            .setNode2(6)
+            .add();
+        createGroundNodeBreaker(vl1, "Ground", 6, false);
+        createGroundBusBreaker(vl2, "Ground1", "BUS1", false);
+
+        // Create a second with the same ID
+        PowsyblException exception = assertThrows(PowsyblException.class, () -> createGroundNodeBreaker(vl1, "Ground", 7, false));
+        assertTrue(Pattern.compile("The network test already contains an object '(\\w+)' with the id 'Ground'").matcher(exception.getMessage()).find());
+        exception = assertThrows(PowsyblException.class, () -> createGroundBusBreaker(vl2, "Ground1", "BUS1", false));
+        assertTrue(Pattern.compile("The network test already contains an object '(\\w+)' with the id 'Ground1'").matcher(exception.getMessage()).find());
+        // Nota : the class name is undefined here since it will depend on the implementation of the Ground interface
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testFictitiousGround() {
+        // Get the voltage level
+        VoltageLevel vl1 = network.getVoltageLevel("VL1");
+
+        // Create first grounds
+        vl1.getNodeBreakerView().newDisconnector()
+            .setId("D_1_6")
+            .setKind(SwitchKind.DISCONNECTOR)
+            .setOpen(false)
+            .setNode1(1)
+            .setNode2(6)
+            .add();
+        Ground ground = createGroundNodeBreaker(vl1, "Ground", 7, false);
+
+        // Ground cannot be fictitious
+        ground.setFictitious(false);
+        assertFalse(ground.isFictitious());
+
+        // Create a second with the same ID
+        PowsyblException exception = assertThrows(PowsyblException.class, () -> ground.setFictitious(true));
+        assertTrue(Pattern.compile("The ground cannot be fictitious.").matcher(exception.getMessage()).find());
+    }
+
+    @Test
+    void testCreationError() {
+        // Get the voltage level
+        VoltageLevel vl1 = network.getVoltageLevel("VL1");
+        VoltageLevel vl2 = network.getVoltageLevel("VL2");
+
+        // Create first grounds
+        vl1.getNodeBreakerView().newDisconnector()
+            .setId("D_1_6")
+            .setKind(SwitchKind.DISCONNECTOR)
+            .setOpen(false)
+            .setNode1(1)
+            .setNode2(6)
+            .add();
+        // Create a ground in NB
+        GroundAdder groundAdderNB = vl1.newGround()
+            .setId("Ground")
+            .setEnsureIdUnicity(true);
+        ValidationException exception = assertThrows(ValidationException.class, groundAdderNB::add);
+        assertEquals("Ground 'Ground': connectable bus is not set", exception.getMessage());
+        groundAdderNB = vl1.newGround()
+            .setNode(6)
+            .setEnsureIdUnicity(true);
+        PowsyblException powsyblException = assertThrows(PowsyblException.class, groundAdderNB::add);
+        assertEquals("Ground id is not set", powsyblException.getMessage());
+
+        // Create a ground in BB
+        GroundAdder groundAdderBB = vl2.newGround()
+            .setId("Ground")
+            .setEnsureIdUnicity(true);
+        exception = assertThrows(ValidationException.class, groundAdderBB::add);
+        assertEquals("Ground 'Ground': connectable bus is not set", exception.getMessage());
+        groundAdderBB = vl2.newGround()
+            .setBus("BUS1")
+            .setEnsureIdUnicity(true);
+        powsyblException = assertThrows(PowsyblException.class, groundAdderBB::add);
+        assertEquals("Ground id is not set", powsyblException.getMessage());
+    }
+
+    private Ground createGroundNodeBreaker(VoltageLevel voltageLevel, String id, int node, boolean ensureIdUnicity) {
+        return voltageLevel.newGround()
+            .setId(id)
+            .setNode(node)
+            .setEnsureIdUnicity(ensureIdUnicity)
+            .add();
+    }
+
+    private Ground createGroundBusBreaker(VoltageLevel voltageLevel, String id, String bus, boolean ensureIdUnicity) {
+        return voltageLevel.newGround()
+            .setId(id)
+            .setBus(bus)
+            .setEnsureIdUnicity(ensureIdUnicity)
+            .add();
+    }
+
+    private Network createSubnetwork(Network network, String subnetworkId, String name, String sourceFormat) {
+        // Subnetwork creation
+        Network subnetwork = network.createSubnetwork(subnetworkId, name, sourceFormat);
+
+        // Substation
+        Substation substation = subnetwork.newSubstation()
+            .setId(subnetworkId + "_S")
+            .setCountry(Country.FR)
+            .add();
+
+        // Voltage levels
+        VoltageLevel vl1 = substation.newVoltageLevel()
+            .setId(subnetworkId + "_VL1")
+            .setNominalV(400.0)
+            .setTopologyKind(TopologyKind.NODE_BREAKER)
+            .add();
+        VoltageLevel vl2 = substation.newVoltageLevel()
+            .setId(subnetworkId + "_VL2")
+            .setNominalV(220.0)
+            .setTopologyKind(TopologyKind.BUS_BREAKER)
+            .add();
+
+        // Buses and Busbar sections
+        BusbarSection bbs1 = vl1.getNodeBreakerView().newBusbarSection()
+            .setId(subnetworkId + "_BBS1")
+            .setNode(0)
+            .add();
+        bbs1.newExtension(BusbarSectionPositionAdder.class)
+            .withBusbarIndex(1)
+            .withSectionIndex(1)
+            .add();
+        BusbarSection bbs2 = vl1.getNodeBreakerView().newBusbarSection()
+            .setId(subnetworkId + "_BBS2")
+            .setNode(1)
+            .add();
+        bbs2.newExtension(BusbarSectionPositionAdder.class)
+            .withBusbarIndex(2)
+            .withSectionIndex(1)
+            .add();
+        vl2.getBusBreakerView().newBus()
+            .setId(subnetworkId + "_BUS1")
+            .add();
+        vl2.getBusBreakerView().newBus()
+            .setId(subnetworkId + "_BUS2")
+            .add();
+
+        return subnetwork;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/iidm/iidm-test/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/test/TwoVoltageLevelNetworkFactory.java b/iidm/iidm-test/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/test/TwoVoltageLevelNetworkFactory.java
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..50188cab3a2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/iidm/iidm-test/src/main/java/com/powsybl/iidm/network/test/TwoVoltageLevelNetworkFactory.java
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright (c) 2024, RTE (http://www.rte-france.com)
+ * This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public
+ * License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this
+ * file, You can obtain one at http://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/.
+ * SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0
+ */
+package com.powsybl.iidm.network.test;
+
+import com.powsybl.iidm.network.*;
+import com.powsybl.iidm.network.extensions.BusbarSectionPositionAdder;
+
+import java.time.ZonedDateTime;
+
+/**
+ * @author Nicolas Rol {@literal <nicolas.rol at rte-france.com>}
+ */
+public final class TwoVoltageLevelNetworkFactory {
+
+    private TwoVoltageLevelNetworkFactory() {
+    }
+
+    public static Network create() {
+        return create(NetworkFactory.findDefault());
+    }
+
+    public static Network create(NetworkFactory networkFactory) {
+        // Network initialisation
+        Network network = networkFactory.createNetwork("test", "test");
+        network.setCaseDate(ZonedDateTime.parse("2023-12-18T14:49:00.000+01:00"));
+
+        // Substation
+        Substation substation = network.newSubstation()
+            .setId("S")
+            .setCountry(Country.FR)
+            .add();
+
+        // Voltage levels
+        VoltageLevel vl1 = substation.newVoltageLevel()
+            .setId("VL1")
+            .setNominalV(400.0)
+            .setTopologyKind(TopologyKind.NODE_BREAKER)
+            .add();
+        VoltageLevel vl2 = substation.newVoltageLevel()
+            .setId("VL2")
+            .setNominalV(220.0)
+            .setTopologyKind(TopologyKind.BUS_BREAKER)
+            .add();
+
+        // Buses and Busbar sections
+        BusbarSection bbs1 = vl1.getNodeBreakerView().newBusbarSection()
+            .setId("BBS1")
+            .setNode(0)
+            .add();
+        bbs1.newExtension(BusbarSectionPositionAdder.class)
+            .withBusbarIndex(1)
+            .withSectionIndex(1)
+            .add();
+        BusbarSection bbs2 = vl1.getNodeBreakerView().newBusbarSection()
+            .setId("BBS2")
+            .setNode(1)
+            .add();
+        bbs2.newExtension(BusbarSectionPositionAdder.class)
+            .withBusbarIndex(2)
+            .withSectionIndex(1)
+            .add();
+        vl2.getBusBreakerView().newBus()
+            .setId("BUS1")
+            .add();
+        vl2.getBusBreakerView().newBus()
+            .setId("BUS2")
+            .add();
+
+        // Loads and generators
+        vl1.newLoad()
+            .setId("L")
+            .setNode(2)
+            .setP0(1)
+            .setQ0(1)
+            .add();
+        vl2.newGenerator()
+            .setId("CB")
+            .setEnergySource(EnergySource.HYDRO)
+            .setMinP(0.0)
+            .setMaxP(70.0)
+            .setVoltageRegulatorOn(false)
+            .setTargetP(0.0)
+            .setTargetV(0.0)
+            .setTargetQ(0.0)
+            .setBus("BUS1")
+            .add();
+        substation.newTwoWindingsTransformer()
+            .setId("TWT")
+            .setR(2.0)
+            .setX(14.745)
+            .setG(0.0)
+            .setB(3.2E-5)
+            .setRatedU1(225.0)
+            .setRatedU2(225.0)
+            .setNode1(3)
+            .setVoltageLevel1("VL1")
+            .setBus2("BUS1")
+            .setVoltageLevel2("VL2")
+            .add();
+
+        // Disconnectors
+        vl1.getNodeBreakerView().newDisconnector()
+            .setId("D_0_3")
+            .setKind(SwitchKind.DISCONNECTOR)
+            .setOpen(false)
+            .setNode1(0)
+            .setNode2(4)
+            .add();
+        vl1.getNodeBreakerView().newDisconnector()
+            .setId("D_1_3")
+            .setKind(SwitchKind.DISCONNECTOR)
+            .setOpen(false)
+            .setNode1(1)
+            .setNode2(4)
+            .add();
+        vl1.getNodeBreakerView().newDisconnector()
+            .setId("D_0_5")
+            .setKind(SwitchKind.DISCONNECTOR)
+            .setOpen(false)
+            .setNode1(0)
+            .setNode2(5)
+            .add();
+        vl1.getNodeBreakerView().newDisconnector()
+            .setId("D_1_5")
+            .setKind(SwitchKind.DISCONNECTOR)
+            .setOpen(false)
+            .setNode1(1)
+            .setNode2(5)
+            .add();
+        vl1.getNodeBreakerView().newBreaker()
+            .setId("BR_LOAD")
+            .setNode1(2)
+            .setNode2(4)
+            .setOpen(false)
+            .add();
+        vl1.getNodeBreakerView().newBreaker()
+            .setId("BR_VL1")
+            .setNode1(3)
+            .setNode2(5)
+            .setOpen(true)
+            .add();
+        vl2.getBusBreakerView().newSwitch()
+            .setId("BR_VL2")
+            .setBus1("BUS1")
+            .setBus2("BUS2")
+            .setOpen(false)
+            .add();
+
+        return network;
+    }
+
+    public static Network createWithGrounds() {
+        return createWithGrounds(NetworkFactory.findDefault());
+    }
+
+    public static Network createWithGrounds(NetworkFactory networkFactory) {
+        Network network = create(networkFactory);
+
+        // Get the voltage level
+        VoltageLevel vl1 = network.getVoltageLevel("VL1");
+        VoltageLevel vl2 = network.getVoltageLevel("VL2");
+
+        // Create disconnector and ground element in node-breaker view
+        vl1.getNodeBreakerView().newDisconnector()
+            .setId("D_1_6")
+            .setKind(SwitchKind.DISCONNECTOR)
+            .setOpen(false)
+            .setNode1(1)
+            .setNode2(6)
+            .add();
+        vl1.newGround()
+            .setId("GroundNB")
+            .setNode(6)
+            .setEnsureIdUnicity(true)
+            .add();
+
+        // Create ground in bus-breaker view
+        vl2.newGround()
+            .setId("GroundBB")
+            .setBus("BUS2")
+            .setEnsureIdUnicity(true)
+            .add();
+
+        return network;
+    }
+}
diff --git a/loadflow/loadflow-results-completion/src/main/java/com/powsybl/loadflow/resultscompletion/z0flows/Z0FlowFromBusBalance.java b/loadflow/loadflow-results-completion/src/main/java/com/powsybl/loadflow/resultscompletion/z0flows/Z0FlowFromBusBalance.java
index 7721e4c0d4c..62d5d808b40 100644
--- a/loadflow/loadflow-results-completion/src/main/java/com/powsybl/loadflow/resultscompletion/z0flows/Z0FlowFromBusBalance.java
+++ b/loadflow/loadflow-results-completion/src/main/java/com/powsybl/loadflow/resultscompletion/z0flows/Z0FlowFromBusBalance.java
@@ -6,13 +6,11 @@
  */
 package com.powsybl.loadflow.resultscompletion.z0flows;
 
-import java.util.Objects;
-
 import com.powsybl.iidm.network.*;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
-import com.powsybl.iidm.network.TwoSides;
+import java.util.Objects;
 
 /**
  * @author Luma Zamarreño {@literal <zamarrenolm at aia.es>}
@@ -142,6 +140,11 @@ public void visitStaticVarCompensator(StaticVarCompensator staticVarCompensator)
         addFlowQ(staticVarCompensator.getTerminal());
     }
 
+    @Override
+    public void visitGround(Ground ground) {
+        addFlow(ground.getTerminal());
+    }
+
     private final Bus bus;
     private final Line line;