diff --git a/src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/ac/equations/AbstractHvdcAcEmulationFlowEquationTerm.java b/src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/ac/equations/AbstractHvdcAcEmulationFlowEquationTerm.java
index b98b456917..9f2e6fc754 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/ac/equations/AbstractHvdcAcEmulationFlowEquationTerm.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/ac/equations/AbstractHvdcAcEmulationFlowEquationTerm.java
@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ public abstract class AbstractHvdcAcEmulationFlowEquationTerm extends AbstractNa
 
     protected LfHvdc hvdc;
 
+    protected final double lossFactor1;
+
+    protected final double lossFactor2;
+
     protected AbstractHvdcAcEmulationFlowEquationTerm(LfHvdc hvdc, LfBus bus1, LfBus bus2, VariableSet<AcVariableType> variableSet) {
         ph1Var = variableSet.getVariable(bus1.getNum(), AcVariableType.BUS_PHI);
         ph2Var = variableSet.getVariable(bus2.getNum(), AcVariableType.BUS_PHI);
@@ -45,6 +49,8 @@ protected AbstractHvdcAcEmulationFlowEquationTerm(LfHvdc hvdc, LfBus bus1, LfBus
         this.hvdc = hvdc;
         k = hvdc.getDroop() * 180 / Math.PI;
         p0 = hvdc.getP0();
+        lossFactor1 = hvdc.getConverterStation1().getLossFactor() / 100;
+        lossFactor2 = hvdc.getConverterStation2().getLossFactor() / 100;
     }
 
     protected double ph1() {
@@ -63,6 +69,10 @@ protected double v2() {
         return stateVector.get(v2Var.getRow());
     }
 
+    protected double getLossMultiplier() {
+        return (1 - lossFactor1) * (1 - lossFactor2);
+    }
+
     @Override
     public List<Variable<AcVariableType>> getVariables() {
         return variables;
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/ac/equations/HvdcAcEmulationSide1ActiveFlowEquationTerm.java b/src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/ac/equations/HvdcAcEmulationSide1ActiveFlowEquationTerm.java
index f742e8c034..005540e36f 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/ac/equations/HvdcAcEmulationSide1ActiveFlowEquationTerm.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/ac/equations/HvdcAcEmulationSide1ActiveFlowEquationTerm.java
@@ -18,18 +18,16 @@
  */
 public class HvdcAcEmulationSide1ActiveFlowEquationTerm extends AbstractHvdcAcEmulationFlowEquationTerm {
 
-    private double sign;
-
-    private double multiplier;
-
     public HvdcAcEmulationSide1ActiveFlowEquationTerm(LfHvdc hvdc, LfBus bus1, LfBus bus2, VariableSet<AcVariableType> variableSet) {
         super(hvdc, bus1, bus2, variableSet);
-        sign = hvdc.getConverterStation1().isRectifier() ? 1 : -1;
-        multiplier = 1 + sign * hvdc.getConverterStation1().getLossFactor() / 100;
     }
 
     private double p1() {
-        return  multiplier * (p0 + k * (ph1() - ph2()));
+        return  (isController() ? 1 :  getLossMultiplier()) * (p0 + k * (ph1() - ph2()));
+    }
+
+    private boolean isController() {
+        return (ph1() - ph2()) >= 0 ? true : false;
     }
 
     private double dp1dv1() {
@@ -41,7 +39,7 @@ private double dp1dv2() {
     }
 
     private double dp1dph1() {
-        return multiplier * k;
+        return (isController() ? 1 :  getLossMultiplier()) * k;
     }
 
     private double dp1dph2() {
diff --git a/src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/ac/equations/HvdcAcEmulationSide2ActiveFlowEquationTerm.java b/src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/ac/equations/HvdcAcEmulationSide2ActiveFlowEquationTerm.java
index 0975838cbe..acdc91e9c2 100644
--- a/src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/ac/equations/HvdcAcEmulationSide2ActiveFlowEquationTerm.java
+++ b/src/main/java/com/powsybl/openloadflow/ac/equations/HvdcAcEmulationSide2ActiveFlowEquationTerm.java
@@ -18,18 +18,16 @@
  */
 public class HvdcAcEmulationSide2ActiveFlowEquationTerm extends AbstractHvdcAcEmulationFlowEquationTerm {
 
-    private double sign;
-
-    private double multiplier;
-
     public HvdcAcEmulationSide2ActiveFlowEquationTerm(LfHvdc hvdc, LfBus bus1, LfBus bus2, VariableSet<AcVariableType> variableSet) {
         super(hvdc, bus1, bus2, variableSet);
-        sign = hvdc.getConverterStation2().isRectifier() ? 1 : -1;
-        multiplier = 1 + sign * hvdc.getConverterStation2().getLossFactor() / 100;
     }
 
     private double p2() {
-        return -multiplier * (p0 + k * (ph1() - ph2()));
+        return -(isController() ? 1 :  getLossMultiplier()) * (p0 + k * (ph1() - ph2()));
+    }
+
+    private boolean isController() {
+        return (ph1() - ph2()) < 0 ? true : false;
     }
 
     private double dp1dv1() {
@@ -41,7 +39,7 @@ private double dp1dv2() {
     }
 
     private double dp1dph1() {
-        return -multiplier * k;
+        return -(isController() ? 1 :  getLossMultiplier()) * k;
     }
 
     private double dp1dph2() {