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+# Color contrast requirements
+
+## Status
+
+| Stage    | Status |
+| -------- | ------ |
+| Approved | ✅     |
+| Adopted  | ✅     |
+
+## Context
+
+As part of the work to [fix critical accessibility issues](https://github.com/github/primer/issues/1371) in our default color modes we compiled a list of color contrast requirements[^discussions/1272].
+We compiled a simple and clear list from all relevant pages of the [WCAG 2.1 spec](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/).
+
+The requirements are generally helpful guidelines but specifically required to be [WCAG 2.1](https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/) compliant.
+This in turn is important for governmental requirements like [Section 508 of the The Rehabilitation Act](https://www.section508.gov/manage/laws-and-policies/)[^issues/1302] and the [European Accessibility Act (EAA)](https://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=1202&intPageId=5581&langId=en).
+
+## Decision
+
+### Text contrast
+
+| Contrast pair                           | Ratio           | Description                                                                                                                                       |
+| --------------------------------------- | --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Text vs. backgrounds<sup>_</sup>_(bg)\* | `4.5:1`[^1.4.3] | Any text color vs. any background color it can be used on                                                                                         |
+| Link vs. Text                           | `3:1`           | Links need to have a `4.5:1` ratio against the background AND a `3:1` ratio against surrounding text or be underlined[^link]                      |
+| Placeholder text vs. bg                 | `4.5:1`         | Placeholder text must have a `4.5:1` contrast to the background e.g. input background[^placeholder], or a visible text label[^1.4.3] must be used |
+| Disabled text vs. bg                    | `none`          | Disabled text (text in a disabled control) does not have any contrast requirements[^1.4.3]                                                        |
+| Decorative text<sup>\*\*</sup> vs. bg   | `none`          | Decorative text does not have any contrast requirements[^1.4.3]                                                                                   |
+
+<sup>*</sup> *Backgrounds is any color an element like text is placed on, like the page background, the background color of a `card` component or the fill of an `input` field.*  
+<sup>\*\*</sup>*Decorative text is defined as serving only an aesthetic purpose, providing no information, and having no functionality.[^pure-decoration]\*
+
+### State contrast
+
+| Contrast pair                                   | Ratio  | Description                                                                                         |
+| ----------------------------------------------- | ------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Focus border vs. bg                             | `3:1`  | Focus border (1 or 2px) against adjacent colors[^focus]                                             |
+| States within component; e.g. resting vs. hover | `none` | There is no specific color contrast requirement between two states of a component[^wcag/issues/849] |
+| States that exist together                      | `3:1`  | This is referring to something like the selected and unselected state in a segmented control        |
+
+### Border contrast
+
+| Contrast pair                      | Ratio  | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                             |
+| ---------------------------------- | ------ | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Border of _empty_ control vs. bg   | `3:1`  | An empty control without any text or icon must have a background or border that has a `3:1` contrast with the bg[^understanding-1.4.11][^issue/1302/eric]                                                               |
+| Border of control with text vs. bg | `none` | If text passes `4.5:1`, no background or border contrast is required[^understanding-1.4.11][^issue/1302/eric]                                                                                                           |
+| Decorative border vs. bg           | `none` | Borders that mark regions of a page, view, or component and don't mark boundaries of interaction are largely seen as decorative[^pure-decoration] or graphical and have no contrast requirements[^understanding-1.4.11] |
+
+### Impact
+
+We are auditing primer `light default` and `dark default` mode and exploring solutions for issues we discover.
+
+### Alternatives
+
+<!-- Describe the available alternatives if any, and why the current apporach was chosen -->
+
+### Risks
+
+- WCAG specs are sometimes complex and vague and may be subject to mis-interpretation. If this is the case we must adjust the rules above.
+
+## References
+
+[^discussions/1272]: <https://github.com/github/primer/discussions/1272>
+
+[^issues/1302]: <https://github.com/github/primer/issues/1302>
+
+[^pure-decoration]: <https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/contrast-minimum.html#dfn-pure-decoration>
+
+[^wcag/issues/849]: <https://github.com/w3c/wcag/issues/849>
+
+[^understanding-1.4.11]: <https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG21/Understanding/non-text-contrast.html>
+
+[^issue/1302/eric]: <https://github.com/github/primer/issues/1302#issuecomment-1268991566>
+
+[^1.4.3]: <https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/#contrast-minimum>
+
+[^placeholder]: <https://www.w3.org/TR/UNDERSTANDING-WCAG20/visual-audio-contrast-contrast.html#:~:text=The%20minimum%20contrast%20success%20criterion%20(1.4.3)%20applies%20to%20text%20in%20the%20page,%20including%20placeholder%20text>
+
+[^focus]: <https://www.w3.org/WAI/WCAG22/Understanding/focus-appearance-minimum.html>
+
+[^link]: <https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20-TECHS/G183.html>
+
+This ADR was moved from its original place in github/primer ([view original](https://github.com/github/primer/blob/85827cee9022657301b88c3548e8dd6e3f728afa/adrs/2022-10-13-color-contrast-requirements.md)).