diff --git a/.github/workflows/build_docs.yml b/.github/workflows/build_docs.yml
index 567a18911..16d92b33f 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build_docs.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build_docs.yml
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
      strategy:
        matrix:
          os: ['ubuntu-latest']
-         environment-file: [ci/310.yaml]
+         environment-file: [ci/312.yaml]
          experimental: [false]
      defaults:
        run:
@@ -29,7 +29,9 @@
      steps:
        - name: Checkout repo
          uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
+         with:
+           fetch-depth: 0 # Fetch all history for all branches and tags.
+ 
        - name: Setup micromamba
          uses: mamba-org/setup-micromamba@v1
          with:
@@ -54,7 +56,7 @@
            # The above command will fail if no changes were present,
            # so we ignore the return code.
 
-       - name: push to gh-pages
+       - name: Push to gh-pages
          uses: ad-m/github-push-action@master
          with:
             branch: gh-pages
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release_and_publish.yml b/.github/workflows/release_and_publish.yml
index 99fc9b434..dade61228 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/release_and_publish.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/release_and_publish.yml
@@ -25,9 +25,12 @@
    build:
      name: Create release & publish to PyPI
      runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
      steps:
        - name: Checkout repo
          uses: actions/checkout@v4
+         with:
+           fetch-depth: 0 # Fetch all history for all branches and tags.
 
        - name: Set up python
          uses: actions/setup-python@v4
diff --git a/.github/workflows/unittests.yml b/.github/workflows/unittests.yml
index 814f094b8..f5c1f92c9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/unittests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/unittests.yml
@@ -24,25 +24,28 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         os: [ubuntu-latest]
         environment-file:
-          - ci/38-minimal.yaml
-          - ci/39.yaml
+          - ci/310-oldest.yaml
           - ci/310.yaml
           - ci/311.yaml
-          - ci/311-dev.yaml
-          - ci/311-no-optional.yaml
+          - ci/312.yaml
+          - ci/312-dev.yaml
+          - ci/312-no-optional.yaml
         include:
-          - environment-file: ci/310.yaml
+          - environment-file: ci/312.yaml
             os: macos-latest
-          - environment-file: ci/310.yaml
+          - environment-file: ci/312.yaml
             os: windows-latest
     defaults:
       run:
         shell: bash -l {0}
 
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Checkout repo
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0 # Fetch all history for all branches and tags.
 
-      - name: setup micromamba
+      - name: Setup micromamba
         uses: mamba-org/setup-micromamba@v1
         with:
           environment-file: ${{ matrix.environment-file }}
@@ -55,7 +58,8 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           pytest -v --color yes --cov libpysal --cov-append --cov-report term-missing --cov-report xml .
 
-      - uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
+      - name: Codecov
+        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v3
 
       - name: Generate and publish the report
         if: |
diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 819dfc0e9..bef3987e3 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 repos: 
 - repo: https://github.com/psf/black
-  rev: 23.9.1
+  rev: "23.10.0"
   hooks:
   - id: black
     language_version: python3
diff --git a/README.rst b/README.rst
index 8bf368875..12ad3f57f 100644
--- a/README.rst
+++ b/README.rst
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Python Spatial Analysis Library Core
 .. image:: https://github.com/pysal/libpysal/workflows/.github/workflows/unittests.yml/badge.svg
     :target: https://github.com/pysal/libpysal/actions?query=workflow%3A.github%2Fworkflows%2Funittests.yml
    
-.. image:: https://codecov.io/gh/pysal/libpysal/branch/master/graph/badge.svg
+.. image:: https://codecov.io/gh/pysal/libpysal/branch/main/graph/badge.svg
     :target: https://codecov.io/gh/pysal/libpysal
 
 .. image:: https://badge.fury.io/py/libpysal.svg
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ If you have any suggestions, feature requests, or bug reports,
 please open new `issues <https://github.com/pysal/libpysal/issues>`_ on GitHub. 
 To submit patches, please review `PySAL's documentation for developers <https://pysal.org/docs/devs/>`_, 
 the PySAL `development guidelines <https://github.com/pysal/pysal/wiki>`_, 
-the `libpysal contributing guidelines <https://github.com/pysal/libpysal/blob/master/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md>`_
+the `libpysal contributing guidelines <https://github.com/pysal/libpysal/blob/main/.github/CONTRIBUTING.md>`_
 before  opening a `pull request <https://github.com/pysal/libpysal/pulls>`_. 
 Once your changes get merged, you’ll automatically be added to 
 the `Contributors List <https://github.com/pysal/libpysal/graphs/contributors>`_.
@@ -76,6 +76,6 @@ To search for or report bugs, please see `libpysal's issues <https://github.com/
 License information
 *******************
 
-See the `LICENSE <https://github.com/pysal/libpysal/blob/master/LICENSE.txt>`_
+See the `LICENSE <https://github.com/pysal/libpysal/blob/main/LICENSE.txt>`_
 for information on the history of this software, terms & conditions for usage,
 and a DISCLAIMER OF ALL WARRANTIES.
diff --git a/ci/38-minimal.yaml b/ci/310-oldest.yaml
similarity index 51%
rename from ci/38-minimal.yaml
rename to ci/310-oldest.yaml
index b0ecd5711..5ffe7f1a6 100644
--- a/ci/38-minimal.yaml
+++ b/ci/310-oldest.yaml
@@ -2,27 +2,32 @@ name: test
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - python=3.8
+  - python=3.10
   - beautifulsoup4=4.10
+  - geopandas=0.10.0
   - jinja2=3.0
+  - numpy=1.22
+  - packaging=22
   - pandas=1.4
+  - requests=2.27
   - scipy=1.8
-  - xarray=0.18
+  - shapely=2.0.1
+  - xarray=2022.3
   # testing
   - codecov
-  - matplotlib
+  - matplotlib>=3.6
   - pytest
   - pytest-cov
+  - pytest-mpl
   - pytest-xdist
   # optional
-  - geopandas>=0.10.0,<0.13
-  - shapely==2.0.1
-  - joblib
+  - geodatasets=2023.3.0
+  - joblib>=1.2
   - networkx=2.7
-  - numba=0.54
-  - packaging
+  - numba=0.55
+  - pyarrow>=7.0
+  - scikit-learn=1.1
   - zstd
-  - geodatasets
   - pip
   - pip:
       - platformdirs==2.0.2
diff --git a/ci/310.yaml b/ci/310.yaml
index 3e0a60ccd..54b4edb41 100644
--- a/ci/310.yaml
+++ b/ci/310.yaml
@@ -3,30 +3,28 @@ channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
   - python=3.10
-  - platformdirs
   - beautifulsoup4
+  - geopandas
   - jinja2
+  - packaging
   - pandas
+  - platformdirs
+  - requests
   - scipy
+  - shapely
   - xarray
   # testing
   - codecov
   - matplotlib
   - pytest
   - pytest-cov
+  - pytest-mpl
   - pytest-xdist
   # optional
-  - geopandas
+  - geodatasets
   - joblib
   - networkx
   - numba
-  - packaging
-  - zstd
-  - geodatasets
   - pyarrow
-  # for docs build action (this env only)
-  - nbsphinx
-  - numpydoc
-  - sphinx
-  - sphinxcontrib-bibtex
-  - sphinx_bootstrap_theme
+  - scikit-learn
+  - zstd
diff --git a/ci/311.yaml b/ci/311.yaml
index 1798e9929..00988bc1d 100644
--- a/ci/311.yaml
+++ b/ci/311.yaml
@@ -3,25 +3,28 @@ channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
   - python=3.11
-  - platformdirs
   - beautifulsoup4
+  - geopandas
   - jinja2
+  - packaging
   - pandas
+  - platformdirs
+  - requests
   - scipy
+  - shapely
   - xarray
   # testing
   - codecov
   - matplotlib
   - pytest
   - pytest-cov
+  - pytest-mpl
   - pytest-xdist
   # optional
-  - geopandas>=0.12.0
+  - geodatasets
   - joblib
   - networkx
-  - packaging
-  - shapely>=2.0b1
-  - xarray
-  - zstd
-  - geodatasets
+  - numba
   - pyarrow
+  - scikit-learn
+  - zstd
diff --git a/ci/311-dev.yaml b/ci/312-dev.yaml
similarity index 87%
rename from ci/311-dev.yaml
rename to ci/312-dev.yaml
index e3e10d272..7a40eb72f 100644
--- a/ci/311-dev.yaml
+++ b/ci/312-dev.yaml
@@ -2,34 +2,37 @@ name: test
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - python=3.11
-  - platformdirs
+  - python=3.12
   - beautifulsoup4
   - jinja2
+  - platformdirs
+  - requests
   # testing
   - codecov
   - matplotlib
   - pytest
   - pytest-cov
+  - pytest-mpl
   - pytest-xdist
   # optional
-  - geos
-  - pyproj
+  - Cython
   - fiona
+  - geodatasets
+  - geos
   - joblib
   - networkx
+  # - numba # follow up when numba is ready for 3.12
   - packaging
-  - zstd
-  - Cython
-  - geodatasets
   - pyarrow
+  - pyproj
+  - zstd
   - pip
   - pip:
       # dev versions of packages
       - --pre --index-url https://pypi.anaconda.org/scientific-python-nightly-wheels/simple --extra-index-url https://pypi.org/simple
-      - scipy
       - pandas
-      - xarray
       - scikit-learn
-      - git+https://github.com/shapely/shapely.git@main
+      - scipy
+      - xarray
       - git+https://github.com/geopandas/geopandas.git@main
+      - git+https://github.com/shapely/shapely.git@main
diff --git a/ci/311-no-optional.yaml b/ci/312-no-optional.yaml
similarity index 87%
rename from ci/311-no-optional.yaml
rename to ci/312-no-optional.yaml
index 1ffacef71..59e0a35cf 100644
--- a/ci/311-no-optional.yaml
+++ b/ci/312-no-optional.yaml
@@ -2,11 +2,14 @@ name: test
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - python=3.11
-  - platformdirs
+  - python=3.12
   - beautifulsoup4
+  - fiona
+  - geopandas-base>=0.12.0  # base to avoid pulling sklearn
   - jinja2
   - pandas
+  - platformdirs
+  - requests
   - scipy
   - xarray
   # testing
@@ -14,8 +17,7 @@ dependencies:
   - matplotlib
   - pytest
   - pytest-cov
+  - pytest-mpl
   - pytest-xdist
   # optional used in ci
-  - geopandas-base>=0.12.0  # base to avoid pulling sklearn
-  - fiona
   - geodatasets
diff --git a/ci/39.yaml b/ci/312.yaml
similarity index 50%
rename from ci/39.yaml
rename to ci/312.yaml
index d9e0bb04f..72c0bdd97 100644
--- a/ci/39.yaml
+++ b/ci/312.yaml
@@ -2,25 +2,38 @@ name: test
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
-  - python=3.9
-  - platformdirs
+  - python=3.12
   - beautifulsoup4
+  - geopandas
   - jinja2
+  - packaging
   - pandas
+  - platformdirs
+  - requests
   - scipy
+  - shapely
   - xarray
   # testing
   - codecov
   - matplotlib
   - pytest
   - pytest-cov
+  - pytest-mpl
   - pytest-xdist
   # optional
-  - geopandas
+  - geodatasets
   - joblib
   - networkx
-  - numba
-  - packaging
-  - zstd
-  - geodatasets
+  # - numba # follow up when numba is ready for 3.12
   - pyarrow
+  - scikit-learn
+  - zstd
+  # for docs build action (this env only)
+  - mkdocs-jupyter
+  - myst-parser
+  - nbsphinx
+  - numpydoc
+  - pandoc
+  - sphinx
+  - sphinxcontrib-bibtex
+  - sphinx_bootstrap_theme
diff --git a/docs/conf.py b/docs/conf.py
index 384dc552c..0c0208cbd 100644
--- a/docs/conf.py
+++ b/docs/conf.py
@@ -279,7 +279,7 @@ def setup(app):
     "networkx": ("https://networkx.org/documentation/stable/", None),
     "numpy": ("https://numpy.org/doc/stable/", None),
     "pandas": ("https://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/", None),
-    "python": ("https://docs.python.org/3.11/", None),
+    "python": ("https://docs.python.org/3.12/", None),
     "scipy": ("https://docs.scipy.org/doc/scipy/", None),
 }
 
diff --git a/docs/index.rst b/docs/index.rst
index 8040ac2e3..bf71e97fb 100644
--- a/docs/index.rst
+++ b/docs/index.rst
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ libpysal: Python Spatial Analysis Library Core
         <div class="col-sm-1 col-xs-hidden">
         </div>
         <div class="col-sm-10 col-xs-12">
-            <a href="http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/pysal/libpysal/blob/master/notebooks/weights.ipynb" class="thumbnail">
+            <a href="http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/pysal/libpysal/blob/main/notebooks/weights.ipynb" class="thumbnail">
                 <img src="_static/images/npweights.png" class="img-responsive center-block">
                 <div class="caption text-center">
                 <h6>Weights for nonplanar enforced geometries</h6>
@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ Introduction
 
 **libpysal** offers four modules that form the building blocks in many upstream packages in the `PySAL family <https://pysal.org>`_:
 
-- Spatial Weights: libpysal.weights 
-- Input-and output: libpysal.io 
-- Computational geometry: libpysal.cg  
-- Built-in example datasets libpysal.examples  
+- Spatial Weights: libpysal.weights
+- Input-and output: libpysal.io
+- Computational geometry: libpysal.cg
+- Built-in example datasets libpysal.examples
 
 
 Examples demonstrating some of **libpysal** functionality are available in the `tutorial <tutorial.html>`_.
diff --git a/environment.yml b/environment.yml
index d917c91fc..70a37d268 100644
--- a/environment.yml
+++ b/environment.yml
@@ -2,35 +2,27 @@ name: libpysal
 channels:
   - conda-forge
 dependencies:
+  # core env deps
+  - python
   - jupyterlab
+  # core libpysal deps
   - beautifulsoup4
+  - geopandas
+  - jinja2
+  - packaging
   - pandas
+  - platformdirs
   - requests
-  - jinja2
-  - numpydoc
-  - nbsphinx
-  - pandoc
-  - sphinx
-  - sphinxcontrib-bibtex
-  - sphinx_bootstrap_theme
-  - bokeh>=0.11.1
-  - folium>=0.2.1
-  - geojson>=1.3.2
-  - geopandas>=0.2
-  - matplotlib>=1.5.1
-  - mplleaflet>=0.0.5
-  - numba
-  - numexpr
-  - networkx
-  - scikit-learn>=0.17.1
-  - seaborn>=0.7.0
-  - sqlalchemy
-  - statsmodels>=0.6.1
+  - scipy
+  - shapely
   - xarray
-  - codecov
+  # optional libpysal deps
+  - geodatasets
   - joblib
-  - packaging
-  - pytest
-  - pytest-cov
-  - pytest-xdist
-  - mapclassify
+  - matplotlib
+  - networkx
+  - numba
+  - pyarrow
+  - scikit-learn
+  - sqlalchemy
+  - zstd
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index fa2657614..bc98a3667 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -23,17 +23,18 @@ classifiers = [
     "Intended Audience :: Science/Research",
     "Topic :: Scientific/Engineering :: GIS",
 ]
-requires-python = ">=3.8"
+requires-python = ">=3.10"
 dependencies = [
-    "platformdirs>=2.0.2",
     "beautifulsoup4>=4.10",
-    "geopandas>=0.9",
-    "shapely>=2",
-    "numpy>=1.20",
+    "geopandas>=0.10.0",
+    "numpy>=1.22",
+    "packaging>=22",
     "pandas>=1.4",
-    "requests",
+    "platformdirs>=2.0.2",
+    "requests>=2.27",
     "scipy>=1.8",
-    "packaging"
+    "shapely>=2.0.1",
+    "xarray>=2022.3",
 ]
 
 [project.urls]
@@ -41,30 +42,37 @@ Home = "https://github.com/pysal/libpysal/"
 Repository = "https://github.com/pysal/libpysal"
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]
-dev = ["pre-commit"]
+plus = [
+    "joblib>=1.2",
+    "networkx>=2.7",
+    "numba>=0.55",
+    "pyarrow>=7.0",
+    "scikit-learn>=1.1",
+    "zstd",
+]
+dev = [
+    "black",
+    "pre-commit",
+    "watermark",
+]
 docs = [
+    "mkdocs-jupyter",
+    "myst-parser",
     "nbsphinx",
     "numpydoc",
     "pandoc",
     "sphinx",
     "sphinxcontrib-bibtex",
     "sphinx_bootstrap_theme",
-    "mkdocs-jupyter",
-    "myst-parser"
 ]
 tests = [
-    "geopandas",
     "codecov",
-    "coverage",
+    "geodatasets>=2023.3.0",
+    "matplotlib>=3.6",
     "pytest",
     "pytest-mpl",
     "pytest-cov",
-    "watermark",
-    "pyarrow",
     "pytest-xdist",
-    "matplotlib",
-    "geodatasets",
-    "black"
 ]
 
 [tool.setuptools.packages.find]
@@ -76,7 +84,7 @@ line-length = 88
 [tool.ruff]
 line-length = 88
 select = ["E", "F", "W", "I", "UP", "N", "B", "A", "C4", "SIM", "ARG"]
-target-version = "py38"
+target-version = "py310"
 ignore = [
     "B006",
     "B008",