diff --git a/.changeset/error-response-type.md b/.changeset/error-response-type.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9ae4c5e438
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/error-response-type.md
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+---
+"react-router-dom-v5-compat": patch
+"react-router-native": patch
+"react-router-dom": patch
+"react-router": patch
+"@remix-run/router": patch
+---
+
+Move the `@private` class export `ErrorResponse` to an `UNSAFE_ErrorResponse` export since it is an implementation detail and there should be no construction of `ErrorResponse` instances in userland. This frees us up to export a `type ErrorResponse` which correlates to an instance of the class via `InstanceType`. Userland code should only ever be using `ErrorResponse` as a type and should be type-narrowing via `isRouteErrorResponse`.
diff --git a/packages/react-router-dom-v5-compat/index.ts b/packages/react-router-dom-v5-compat/index.ts
index 3ba151a738..6b970d291e 100644
--- a/packages/react-router-dom-v5-compat/index.ts
+++ b/packages/react-router-dom-v5-compat/index.ts
@@ -53,6 +53,7 @@ export type {
   BrowserRouterProps,
   DataRouteMatch,
   DataRouteObject,
+  ErrorResponse,
   Fetcher,
   FetcherWithComponents,
   FormEncType,
diff --git a/packages/react-router-dom/index.tsx b/packages/react-router-dom/index.tsx
index 2ebd7cb0bf..65274879ec 100644
--- a/packages/react-router-dom/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-router-dom/index.tsx
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ import {
   createHashHistory,
   joinPaths,
   stripBasename,
-  ErrorResponse,
+  UNSAFE_ErrorResponse as ErrorResponseImpl,
   UNSAFE_invariant as invariant,
   UNSAFE_warning as warning,
 } from "@remix-run/router";
@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ export type {
   unstable_BlockerFunction,
   DataRouteMatch,
   DataRouteObject,
+  ErrorResponse,
   Fetcher,
   Hash,
   IndexRouteObject,
@@ -273,7 +274,7 @@ function deserializeErrors(
     // Hey you!  If you change this, please change the corresponding logic in
     // serializeErrors in react-router-dom/server.tsx :)
     if (val && val.__type === "RouteErrorResponse") {
-      serialized[key] = new ErrorResponse(
+      serialized[key] = new ErrorResponseImpl(
         val.status,
         val.statusText,
         val.data,
diff --git a/packages/react-router-native/index.tsx b/packages/react-router-native/index.tsx
index 5868993abe..e5d0941719 100644
--- a/packages/react-router-native/index.tsx
+++ b/packages/react-router-native/index.tsx
@@ -27,6 +27,7 @@ export type {
   unstable_BlockerFunction,
   DataRouteMatch,
   DataRouteObject,
+  ErrorResponse,
   Fetcher,
   Hash,
   IndexRouteObject,
diff --git a/packages/react-router/index.ts b/packages/react-router/index.ts
index a9b440d746..7a72bda98b 100644
--- a/packages/react-router/index.ts
+++ b/packages/react-router/index.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import type {
   ActionFunctionArgs,
   Blocker,
   BlockerFunction,
+  ErrorResponse,
   Fetcher,
   HydrationState,
   InitialEntry,
@@ -127,6 +128,7 @@ export type {
   AwaitProps,
   DataRouteMatch,
   DataRouteObject,
+  ErrorResponse,
   Fetcher,
   FutureConfig,
   Hash,
diff --git a/packages/router/__tests__/router-test.ts b/packages/router/__tests__/router-test.ts
index c478952452..11a121095f 100644
--- a/packages/router/__tests__/router-test.ts
+++ b/packages/router/__tests__/router-test.ts
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ import {
   createStaticHandler,
   defer,
   UNSAFE_DEFERRED_SYMBOL,
-  ErrorResponse,
   IDLE_FETCHER,
   IDLE_NAVIGATION,
   json,
@@ -39,6 +38,7 @@ import type {
 } from "../utils";
 import {
   AbortedDeferredError,
+  ErrorResponseImpl,
   isRouteErrorResponse,
   stripBasename,
 } from "../utils";
@@ -2678,7 +2678,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         root: "ROOT",
       });
       expect(t.router.state.errors).toEqual({
-        root: new ErrorResponse(
+        root: new ErrorResponseImpl(
           404,
           "Not Found",
           new Error('No route matches URL "/not-found"'),
@@ -2707,7 +2707,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
 
       t.navigate("/not-found");
       expect(t.router.state.errors).toEqual({
-        root: new ErrorResponse(
+        root: new ErrorResponseImpl(
           404,
           "Not Found",
           new Error('No route matches URL "/not-found"'),
@@ -2754,7 +2754,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         root: "ROOT*",
       });
       expect(t.router.state.errors).toEqual({
-        root: new ErrorResponse(
+        root: new ErrorResponseImpl(
           404,
           "Not Found",
           new Error('No route matches URL "/not-found"'),
@@ -4034,7 +4034,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
           formData: createFormData({ gosh: "dang" }),
         });
         expect(t.router.state.errors).toEqual({
-          child: new ErrorResponse(
+          child: new ErrorResponseImpl(
             405,
             "Method Not Allowed",
             new Error(
@@ -4094,7 +4094,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         });
         expect(t.router.state.actionData).toBe(null);
         expect(t.router.state.errors).toEqual({
-          grandchild: new ErrorResponse(
+          grandchild: new ErrorResponseImpl(
             405,
             "Method Not Allowed",
             new Error(
@@ -4813,7 +4813,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         navigation: IDLE_NAVIGATION,
         loaderData: {},
         errors: {
-          root: new ErrorResponse(
+          root: new ErrorResponseImpl(
             404,
             "Not Found",
             new Error('No route matches URL "/junk"'),
@@ -4963,7 +4963,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         search: "",
       });
       expect(t.router.state.errors).toEqual({
-        tasks: new ErrorResponse(
+        tasks: new ErrorResponseImpl(
           405,
           "Method Not Allowed",
           new Error('Invalid request method "HEAD"'),
@@ -5003,7 +5003,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         search: "",
       });
       expect(t.router.state.errors).toEqual({
-        tasks: new ErrorResponse(
+        tasks: new ErrorResponseImpl(
           405,
           "Method Not Allowed",
           new Error('Invalid request method "OPTIONS"'),
@@ -5915,7 +5915,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         },
         actionData: null,
         errors: {
-          tasks: new ErrorResponse(400, "Bad Request", "broken"),
+          tasks: new ErrorResponseImpl(400, "Bad Request", "broken"),
         },
       });
     });
@@ -5950,7 +5950,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         },
         actionData: null,
         errors: {
-          tasks: new ErrorResponse(400, "Bad Request", { key: "value" }),
+          tasks: new ErrorResponseImpl(400, "Bad Request", { key: "value" }),
         },
       });
     });
@@ -5985,7 +5985,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         },
         actionData: null,
         errors: {
-          tasks: new ErrorResponse(400, "Bad Request", { key: "value" }),
+          tasks: new ErrorResponseImpl(400, "Bad Request", { key: "value" }),
         },
       });
     });
@@ -6563,7 +6563,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
       });
       expect(t.router.state.errors).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
         {
-          "root": ErrorResponse {
+          "root": ErrorResponseImpl {
             "data": "Error: Unable to encode submission body",
             "error": [Error: Unable to encode submission body],
             "internal": true,
@@ -6586,7 +6586,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
       });
       expect(t.router.state.errors).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
         {
-          "root": ErrorResponse {
+          "root": ErrorResponseImpl {
             "data": "Error: Unable to encode submission body",
             "error": [Error: Unable to encode submission body],
             "internal": true,
@@ -9091,7 +9091,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         await A.loaders.foo.reject(new Response(null, { status: 400 }));
         expect(A.fetcher).toBe(IDLE_FETCHER);
         expect(t.router.state.errors).toEqual({
-          root: new ErrorResponse(400, undefined, ""),
+          root: new ErrorResponseImpl(400, undefined, ""),
         });
       });
 
@@ -9104,7 +9104,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         await A.loaders.foo.reject(new Response(null, { status: 400 }));
         expect(A.fetcher).toBe(IDLE_FETCHER);
         expect(t.router.state.errors).toEqual({
-          root: new ErrorResponse(400, undefined, ""),
+          root: new ErrorResponseImpl(400, undefined, ""),
         });
       });
 
@@ -9117,7 +9117,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         await A.actions.foo.reject(new Response(null, { status: 400 }));
         expect(A.fetcher).toBe(IDLE_FETCHER);
         expect(t.router.state.errors).toEqual({
-          root: new ErrorResponse(400, undefined, ""),
+          root: new ErrorResponseImpl(400, undefined, ""),
         });
       });
 
@@ -9143,7 +9143,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         });
         expect(A.fetcher).toBe(IDLE_FETCHER);
         expect(t.router.state.errors).toEqual({
-          root: new ErrorResponse(
+          root: new ErrorResponseImpl(
             405,
             "Method Not Allowed",
             new Error(
@@ -9172,7 +9172,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         });
         expect(A.fetcher).toBe(IDLE_FETCHER);
         expect(t.router.state.errors).toEqual({
-          root: new ErrorResponse(
+          root: new ErrorResponseImpl(
             400,
             "Bad Request",
             new Error("Unable to encode submission body"),
@@ -9221,7 +9221,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         await t.fetch("/not-found", "key2", "wit");
         expect(t.router.getFetcher("key2")).toBe(IDLE_FETCHER);
         expect(t.router.state.errors).toEqual({
-          root: new ErrorResponse(
+          root: new ErrorResponseImpl(
             404,
             "Not Found",
             new Error('No route matches URL "/not-found"'),
@@ -9246,7 +9246,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         });
         expect(t.router.getFetcher("key4")).toBe(IDLE_FETCHER);
         expect(t.router.state.errors).toEqual({
-          wit: new ErrorResponse(
+          wit: new ErrorResponseImpl(
             404,
             "Not Found",
             new Error('No route matches URL "/not-found"'),
@@ -9257,7 +9257,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         await t.fetch("/not-found", "key5", "wit");
         expect(t.router.getFetcher("key5")).toBe(IDLE_FETCHER);
         expect(t.router.state.errors).toEqual({
-          wit: new ErrorResponse(
+          wit: new ErrorResponseImpl(
             404,
             "Not Found",
             new Error('No route matches URL "/not-found"'),
@@ -9279,7 +9279,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         await t.fetch("/not-found", "key7", "witout");
         expect(t.router.getFetcher("key7")).toBe(IDLE_FETCHER);
         expect(t.router.state.errors).toEqual({
-          root: new ErrorResponse(
+          root: new ErrorResponseImpl(
             404,
             "Not Found",
             new Error('No route matches URL "/not-found"'),
@@ -9650,12 +9650,12 @@ describe("a router", () => {
 
           await A.actions.foo.reject(new Response(null, { status: 400 }));
           expect(t.router.state.errors).toEqual({
-            root: new ErrorResponse(400, undefined, ""),
+            root: new ErrorResponseImpl(400, undefined, ""),
           });
 
           await B.actions.foo.resolve("B");
           expect(t.router.state.errors).toEqual({
-            root: new ErrorResponse(400, undefined, ""),
+            root: new ErrorResponseImpl(400, undefined, ""),
           });
 
           await B.loaders.root.resolve(null);
@@ -9688,7 +9688,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
 
           await B.actions.foo.reject(new Response(null, { status: 400 }));
           expect(t.router.state.errors).toEqual({
-            root: new ErrorResponse(400, undefined, ""),
+            root: new ErrorResponseImpl(400, undefined, ""),
           });
         });
       });
@@ -11426,7 +11426,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         await t.fetch("/parent");
         expect(t.router.state.errors).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
           {
-            "parent": ErrorResponse {
+            "parent": ErrorResponseImpl {
               "data": "Error: No route matches URL "/parent"",
               "error": [Error: No route matches URL "/parent"],
               "internal": true,
@@ -11461,7 +11461,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         await t.fetch("/parent?index");
         expect(t.router.state.errors).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
           {
-            "parent": ErrorResponse {
+            "parent": ErrorResponseImpl {
               "data": "Error: No route matches URL "/parent?index"",
               "error": [Error: No route matches URL "/parent?index"],
               "internal": true,
@@ -11498,7 +11498,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         });
         expect(t.router.state.errors).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
           {
-            "parent": ErrorResponse {
+            "parent": ErrorResponseImpl {
               "data": "Error: You made a POST request to "/parent" but did not provide an \`action\` for route "parent", so there is no way to handle the request.",
               "error": [Error: You made a POST request to "/parent" but did not provide an \`action\` for route "parent", so there is no way to handle the request.],
               "internal": true,
@@ -11535,7 +11535,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         });
         expect(t.router.state.errors).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
           {
-            "parent": ErrorResponse {
+            "parent": ErrorResponseImpl {
               "data": "Error: You made a POST request to "/parent?index" but did not provide an \`action\` for route "parent", so there is no way to handle the request.",
               "error": [Error: You made a POST request to "/parent?index" but did not provide an \`action\` for route "parent", so there is no way to handle the request.],
               "internal": true,
@@ -12449,7 +12449,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         },
       });
       expect(t.router.state.errors).toEqual({
-        parent: new ErrorResponse(400, "Bad Request", "broken", false),
+        parent: new ErrorResponseImpl(400, "Bad Request", "broken", false),
       });
 
       await parentDfd.resolve("Yep!");
@@ -12555,7 +12555,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
         b: "B LOADER",
       });
       expect(t.router.state.errors).toEqual({
-        bChild: new ErrorResponse(400, "Bad Request", "broken", false),
+        bChild: new ErrorResponseImpl(400, "Bad Request", "broken", false),
       });
     });
 
@@ -14993,7 +14993,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
           loaderData: {},
           actionData: null,
           errors: {
-            index: new ErrorResponse(
+            index: new ErrorResponseImpl(
               404,
               "Not Found",
               new Error('No route matches URL "/not/found"'),
@@ -15201,7 +15201,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
           actionData: null,
           loaderData: {},
           errors: {
-            root: new ErrorResponse(
+            root: new ErrorResponseImpl(
               405,
               "Method Not Allowed",
               new Error(
@@ -15228,7 +15228,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
           actionData: null,
           loaderData: {},
           errors: {
-            root: new ErrorResponse(
+            root: new ErrorResponseImpl(
               405,
               "Method Not Allowed",
               new Error('Invalid request method "OPTIONS"'),
@@ -15505,7 +15505,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
           });
           expect(context.activeDeferreds).toEqual(null);
           expect(context.errors).toEqual({
-            parent: new ErrorResponse(
+            parent: new ErrorResponseImpl(
               400,
               "Bad Request",
               new Error("defer() is not supported in actions"),
@@ -16614,7 +16614,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
           } catch (e) {
             // eslint-disable-next-line jest/no-conditional-expect
             expect(e).toEqual(
-              new ErrorResponse(
+              new ErrorResponseImpl(
                 400,
                 "Bad Request",
                 new Error("defer() is not supported in actions"),
@@ -17067,7 +17067,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
       expect(currentRouter.state.fetchers.get("key")?.data).toBe(undefined);
       expect(currentRouter.state.errors).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
         {
-          "root": ErrorResponse {
+          "root": ErrorResponseImpl {
             "data": "Error: No route matches URL "/foo"",
             "error": [Error: No route matches URL "/foo"],
             "internal": true,
@@ -17161,7 +17161,7 @@ describe("a router", () => {
       // Fetcher should have been revalidated but theown a 404 wince the route was removed
       expect(currentRouter.state.fetchers.get("key")?.data).toBe(undefined);
       expect(currentRouter.state.errors).toEqual({
-        root: new ErrorResponse(
+        root: new ErrorResponseImpl(
           404,
           "Not Found",
           new Error('No route matches URL "/foo"'),
diff --git a/packages/router/index.ts b/packages/router/index.ts
index 0ec7e20229..4210aadfab 100644
--- a/packages/router/index.ts
+++ b/packages/router/index.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ export type {
   AgnosticNonIndexRouteObject,
   AgnosticRouteMatch,
   AgnosticRouteObject,
+  ErrorResponse,
   FormEncType,
   FormMethod,
   HTMLFormMethod,
@@ -29,7 +30,6 @@ export type {
 
 export {
   AbortedDeferredError,
-  ErrorResponse,
   defer,
   generatePath,
   getToPathname,
@@ -82,6 +82,7 @@ export * from "./router";
 export type { RouteManifest as UNSAFE_RouteManifest } from "./utils";
 export {
   DeferredData as UNSAFE_DeferredData,
+  ErrorResponseImpl as UNSAFE_ErrorResponse,
   convertRoutesToDataRoutes as UNSAFE_convertRoutesToDataRoutes,
   getPathContributingMatches as UNSAFE_getPathContributingMatches,
 } from "./utils";
diff --git a/packages/router/router.ts b/packages/router/router.ts
index c5101bcb9e..86e5d94c4e 100644
--- a/packages/router/router.ts
+++ b/packages/router/router.ts
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ import type {
   V7_MutationFormMethod,
 } from "./utils";
 import {
-  ErrorResponse,
+  ErrorResponseImpl,
   ResultType,
   convertRoutesToDataRoutes,
   getPathContributingMatches,
@@ -1229,7 +1229,7 @@ export function createRouter(init: RouterInit): Router {
       submission?: Submission;
       fetcherSubmission?: Submission;
       overrideNavigation?: Navigation;
-      pendingError?: ErrorResponse;
+      pendingError?: ErrorResponseImpl;
       startUninterruptedRevalidation?: boolean;
       preventScrollReset?: boolean;
       replace?: boolean;
@@ -3176,7 +3176,7 @@ function normalizeNavigateOptions(
 ): {
   path: string;
   submission?: Submission;
-  error?: ErrorResponse;
+  error?: ErrorResponseImpl;
 } {
   // Return location verbatim on non-submission navigations
   if (!opts || !isSubmissionNavigation(opts)) {
@@ -3787,7 +3787,7 @@ async function callLoaderOrAction(
     if (resultType === ResultType.error) {
       return {
         type: resultType,
-        error: new ErrorResponse(status, result.statusText, data),
+        error: new ErrorResponseImpl(status, result.statusText, data),
         headers: result.headers,
       };
     }
@@ -4152,7 +4152,7 @@ function getInternalRouterError(
     }
   }
 
-  return new ErrorResponse(
+  return new ErrorResponseImpl(
     status || 500,
     statusText,
     new Error(errorMessage),
diff --git a/packages/router/utils.ts b/packages/router/utils.ts
index 0a1b771771..8a37bbd776 100644
--- a/packages/router/utils.ts
+++ b/packages/router/utils.ts
@@ -1505,12 +1505,12 @@ export const redirectDocument: RedirectFunction = (url, init) => {
  * @private
  * Utility class we use to hold auto-unwrapped 4xx/5xx Response bodies
  */
-export class ErrorResponse {
+export class ErrorResponseImpl {
   status: number;
   statusText: string;
   data: any;
-  error?: Error;
-  internal: boolean;
+  private error?: Error;
+  private internal: boolean;
 
   constructor(
     status: number,
@@ -1530,6 +1530,11 @@ export class ErrorResponse {
   }
 }
 
+// We don't want the class exported since usage of it at runtime is an
+// implementation detail, but we do want to export the shape so folks can
+// build their own abstractions around instances via isRouteErrorResponse()
+export type ErrorResponse = InstanceType<typeof ErrorResponseImpl>;
+
 /**
  * Check if the given error is an ErrorResponse generated from a 4xx/5xx
  * Response thrown from an action/loader