diff --git a/server/grpc_service.go b/server/grpc_service.go
index d5fd8ae3e32..33198086240 100644
--- a/server/grpc_service.go
+++ b/server/grpc_service.go
@@ -301,9 +301,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) GetMinTS(
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.GetMinTSResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -458,9 +456,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) GetMembers(context.Context, *pdpb.GetMembersRequest) (*pdpb
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.GetMembersResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	// Here we purposely do not check the cluster ID because the client does not know the correct cluster ID
@@ -522,7 +518,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) Tso(stream pdpb.PD_TsoServer) error {
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return err
+			return status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	if s.IsServiceIndependent(constant.TSOServiceName) {
@@ -640,9 +636,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) Bootstrap(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.BootstrapReque
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.BootstrapResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -684,9 +678,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) IsBootstrapped(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.IsBootstr
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.IsBootstrappedResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -713,9 +705,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) AllocID(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.AllocIDRequest)
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.AllocIDResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -749,9 +739,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) IsSnapshotRecovering(ctx context.Context, _ *pdpb.IsSnapsho
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.IsSnapshotRecoveringResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	// recovering mark is stored in etcd directly, there's no need to forward.
@@ -775,9 +763,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) GetStore(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.GetStoreRequest
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.GetStoreResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -831,9 +817,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) PutStore(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.PutStoreRequest
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.PutStoreResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -888,9 +872,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) GetAllStores(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.GetAllStore
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.GetAllStoresResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -933,9 +915,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) StoreHeartbeat(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.StoreHear
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.StoreHeartbeatResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, errs.ErrRateLimitExceeded.FastGenByArgs().Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -1114,7 +1094,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) ReportBuckets(stream pdpb.PD_ReportBucketsServer) error {
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return err
+			return status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	for {
@@ -1230,7 +1210,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) RegionHeartbeat(stream pdpb.PD_RegionHeartbeatServer) error
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return err
+			return status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	for {
@@ -1435,9 +1415,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) GetRegion(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.GetRegionReque
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.GetRegionResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -1499,9 +1477,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) GetPrevRegion(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.GetRegionR
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.GetRegionResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -1558,9 +1534,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) GetRegionByID(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.GetRegionB
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.GetRegionResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -1620,9 +1594,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) ScanRegions(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.ScanRegionsR
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.ScanRegionsResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -1678,9 +1650,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) BatchScanRegions(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.BatchSc
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.BatchScanRegionsResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -1770,9 +1740,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) AskSplit(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.AskSplitRequest
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.AskSplitResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -1816,9 +1784,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) AskBatchSplit(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.AskBatchSp
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.AskBatchSplitResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -1892,9 +1858,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) ReportSplit(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.ReportSplitR
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.ReportSplitResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -1930,9 +1894,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) ReportBatchSplit(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.ReportB
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.ReportBatchSplitResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -1969,9 +1931,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) GetClusterConfig(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.GetClus
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.GetClusterConfigResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -2001,9 +1961,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) PutClusterConfig(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.PutClus
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.PutClusterConfigResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -2042,9 +2000,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) ScatterRegion(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.ScatterReg
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.ScatterRegionResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -2156,9 +2112,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) GetGCSafePoint(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.GetGCSafe
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.GetGCSafePointResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -2197,7 +2151,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) SyncRegions(stream pdpb.PD_SyncRegionsServer) error {
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return err
+			return status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	ctx := s.cluster.Context()
@@ -2215,9 +2169,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) UpdateGCSafePoint(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.Update
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.UpdateGCSafePointResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -2264,9 +2216,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) UpdateServiceGCSafePoint(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.UpdateServiceGCSafePointResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -2320,9 +2270,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) GetOperator(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.GetOperatorR
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.GetOperatorResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -2535,9 +2483,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) SyncMaxTS(_ context.Context, request *pdpb.SyncMaxTSRequest
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.SyncMaxTSResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	tsoAllocatorManager := s.GetTSOAllocatorManager()
@@ -2640,9 +2586,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) SplitRegions(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.SplitRegion
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.SplitRegionsResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -2706,9 +2650,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) SplitAndScatterRegions(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.S
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.SplitAndScatterRegionsResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -2772,9 +2714,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) GetDCLocationInfo(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.GetDCL
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.GetDCLocationInfoResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	am := s.GetTSOAllocatorManager()
@@ -2838,12 +2778,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) StoreGlobalConfig(_ context.Context, request *pdpb.StoreGlo
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.StoreGlobalConfigResponse{
-				Error: &pdpb.Error{
-					Type:    pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN,
-					Message: err.Error(),
-				},
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	configPath := request.GetConfigPath()
@@ -2889,7 +2824,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) LoadGlobalConfig(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.LoadGlo
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	configPath := request.GetConfigPath()
@@ -2937,7 +2872,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) WatchGlobalConfig(req *pdpb.WatchGlobalConfigRequest, serve
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return err
+			return status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(server.Context())
@@ -3034,9 +2969,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) ReportMinResolvedTS(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.Repo
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.ReportMinResolvedTsResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -3074,9 +3007,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) SetExternalTimestamp(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.Set
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.SetExternalTimestampResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {
@@ -3112,9 +3043,7 @@ func (s *GrpcServer) GetExternalTimestamp(ctx context.Context, request *pdpb.Get
 		if done, err := limiter.Allow(fName); err == nil {
 			defer done()
 		} else {
-			return &pdpb.GetExternalTimestampResponse{
-				Header: wrapErrorToHeader(pdpb.ErrorType_UNKNOWN, err.Error()),
-			}, nil
+			return nil, status.Error(codes.ResourceExhausted, err.Error())
 		}
 	}
 	fn := func(ctx context.Context, client *grpc.ClientConn) (any, error) {