diff --git a/python/pyarrow/cffi.py b/python/pyarrow/cffi.py
index 1da1a916914..3f5e748daf4 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/cffi.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/cffi.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import absolute_import
 
-import cffi
+from cffi import FFI
 
 c_source = """
     struct ArrowSchema {
@@ -77,5 +77,5 @@
     """
 
 # TODO use out-of-line mode for faster import and avoid C parsing
-ffi = cffi.FFI()
+ffi = FFI()
 ffi.cdef(c_source)
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/pandas_compat.py b/python/pyarrow/pandas_compat.py
index bb54c3b22c3..5a5e7b10f28 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/pandas_compat.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/pandas_compat.py
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@
 from copy import deepcopy
 import decimal
 from itertools import zip_longest
-import json
+from json import dumps as json_dumps
 import operator
 import re
 import warnings
@@ -276,7 +276,7 @@ def construct_metadata(columns_to_convert, df, column_names, index_levels,
         index_descriptors = index_column_metadata = column_indexes = []
 
     return {
-        b'pandas': json.dumps({
+        b'pandas': json_dumps({
             'index_columns': index_descriptors,
             'column_indexes': column_indexes,
             'columns': column_metadata + index_column_metadata,
@@ -511,7 +511,7 @@ def _get_index_level(df, name):
 def _level_name(name):
     # preserve type when default serializable, otherwise str it
     try:
-        json.dumps(name)
+        json_dumps(name)
         return name
     except TypeError:
         return str(name)
@@ -826,7 +826,7 @@ def table_to_dataframe(
         axes = [columns, index]
         mgr = BlockManager(blocks, axes)
         if _pandas_api.is_ge_v21():
-            df = DataFrame._from_mgr(mgr, mgr.axes)
+            df = DataFrame._from_mgr(mgr, mgr.axes)  # type: ignore[unresolved-attribute]
         else:
             df = DataFrame(mgr)
         return df
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/parquet/core.py b/python/pyarrow/parquet/core.py
index aaf15c20288..8c1a2ae7822 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/parquet/core.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/parquet/core.py
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@
 from functools import reduce
 
 import inspect
-import json
+from json import loads as json_loads
 import os
 import re
 import operator
@@ -1192,7 +1192,7 @@ def add_key_value_metadata(self, key_value_metadata):
 
 
 def _get_pandas_index_columns(keyvalues):
-    return (json.loads(keyvalues[b'pandas'].decode('utf8'))
+    return (json_loads(keyvalues[b'pandas'].decode('utf8'))
             ['index_columns'])
 
 
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/tests/parquet/test_pandas.py b/python/pyarrow/tests/parquet/test_pandas.py
index 703232b7cac..7f647883561 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/tests/parquet/test_pandas.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/tests/parquet/test_pandas.py
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@
 # under the License.
 
 import io
-import json
+from json import loads as json_loads
 
 try:
     import numpy as np
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ def test_pandas_parquet_custom_metadata(tempdir):
     metadata = pq.read_metadata(filename).metadata
     assert b'pandas' in metadata
 
-    js = json.loads(metadata[b'pandas'].decode('utf8'))
+    js = json_loads(metadata[b'pandas'].decode('utf8'))
     assert js['index_columns'] == [{'kind': 'range',
                                     'name': None,
                                     'start': 0, 'stop': 10000,
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/tests/parquet/test_parquet_file.py b/python/pyarrow/tests/parquet/test_parquet_file.py
index 24ffe612ef7..aef0954eacd 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/tests/parquet/test_parquet_file.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/tests/parquet/test_parquet_file.py
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ def test_parquet_file_hugginface_support():
         pytest.skip("fsspec is not installed, skipping Hugging Face test")
 
     fake_hf_module = types.ModuleType("huggingface_hub")
-    fake_hf_module.HfFileSystem = MemoryFileSystem
+    fake_hf_module.HfFileSystem = MemoryFileSystem #  type: ignore[unresolved-attribute]
     with mock.patch.dict("sys.modules", {"huggingface_hub": fake_hf_module}):
         uri = "hf://datasets/apache/arrow/test.parquet"
         table = pa.table({"a": range(10)})
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_cython.py b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_cython.py
index e0116a4bb76..fdacb16be29 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_cython.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_cython.py
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ def test_visit_strings(tmpdir):
 
     strings = ['a', 'b', 'c']
     visited = []
-    mod._visit_strings(strings, visited.append)
+    mod._visit_strings(strings, visited.append) #  type: ignore[unresolved-attribute]
 
     assert visited == strings
 
@@ -200,4 +200,4 @@ def raise_on_b(s):
             if s == 'b':
                 raise ValueError('wtf')
 
-        mod._visit_strings(strings, raise_on_b)
+        mod._visit_strings(strings, raise_on_b) #  type: ignore[unresolved-attribute]
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_extension_type.py b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_extension_type.py
index ebac37e862b..ea1c0afd7ff 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_extension_type.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_extension_type.py
@@ -1353,11 +1353,11 @@ def test_cpp_extension_in_python(tmpdir):
     sys.path.insert(0, str(tmpdir))
     mod = __import__('extensions')
 
-    uuid_type = mod._make_uuid_type()
+    uuid_type = mod._make_uuid_type() #  type: ignore[unresolved-attribute]
     assert uuid_type.extension_name == "example-uuid"
     assert uuid_type.storage_type == pa.binary(16)
 
-    array = mod._make_uuid_array()
+    array = mod._make_uuid_array() #  type: ignore[unresolved-attribute]
     assert array.type == uuid_type
     assert array.to_pylist() == [b'abcdefghijklmno0', b'0onmlkjihgfedcba']
     assert array[0].as_py() == b'abcdefghijklmno0'
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_flight.py b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_flight.py
index db26f0df4fa..3fcac064876 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_flight.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_flight.py
@@ -26,7 +26,8 @@
 import threading
 import time
 import traceback
-import json
+from json import dumps as json_dumps
+from json import dumps as json_loads
 from datetime import datetime
 
 try:
@@ -64,9 +65,19 @@ def __enter__(self):
         def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb):
             pass
     class FlightServerBase(MockContextManager):
-        pass
+        def serve(self):
+            pass
     class FlightClient(MockContextManager):
-        pass
+        def get_flight_info(self, **kwargs):
+            pass
+        def do_action(self, **kwargs):
+            pass
+        def do_get(self, **kwargs):
+            pass
+        def do_put(self, **kwargs):
+            pass
+        def close(self):
+            pass
     ServerAuthHandler, ClientAuthHandler = object, object
     ServerMiddleware, ServerMiddlewareFactory = object, object
     ClientMiddleware, ClientMiddlewareFactory = object, object
@@ -330,7 +341,7 @@ class InvalidStreamFlightServer(FlightServerBase):
     def do_get(self, context, ticket):
         data1 = [pa.array([-10, -5, 0, 5, 10], type=pa.int32())]
         data2 = [pa.array([-10.0, -5.0, 0.0, 5.0, 10.0], type=pa.float64())]
-        assert data1.type != data2.type
+        assert data1[0].type != data2[0].type
         table1 = pa.Table.from_arrays(data1, names=['a'])
         table2 = pa.Table.from_arrays(data2, names=['a'])
         assert table1.schema == self.schema
@@ -1757,7 +1768,7 @@ def test_flight_do_put_limit():
             with pytest.raises(flight.FlightWriteSizeExceededError,
                                match="exceeded soft limit") as excinfo:
                 writer.write_batch(large_batch)
-            assert excinfo.value.limit == 4096
+            assert excinfo.value.limit == 4096 #  type: ignore[unresolved-attribute]
             smaller_batches = [
                 large_batch.slice(0, 384),
                 large_batch.slice(384),
@@ -2371,7 +2382,7 @@ class ActionNoneFlightServer(EchoFlightServer):
 
     def do_action(self, context, action):
         if action.type == "get_value":
-            return [json.dumps(self.VALUES).encode('utf-8')]
+            return [json_dumps(self.VALUES).encode('utf-8')]
         elif action.type == "append":
             self.VALUES.append(True)
             return None
@@ -2388,7 +2399,7 @@ def test_none_action_side_effect():
             FlightClient(('localhost', server.port)) as client:
         client.do_action(flight.Action("append", b""))
         r = client.do_action(flight.Action("get_value", b""))
-        assert json.loads(next(r).body.to_pybytes()) == [True]
+        assert json_loads(next(r).body.to_pybytes()) == [True]
 
 
 @pytest.mark.slow  # Takes a while for gRPC to "realize" writes fail
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_json.py b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_json.py
index c3f9fe333bd..68ac40063c9 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_json.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_json.py
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@
 from decimal import Decimal
 import io
 import itertools
-import json
+from json import dumps as json_dumps
 import string
 import unittest
 
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ def make_random_json(num_cols=2, num_rows=10, linesep='\r\n'):
     lines = []
     for row in arr.T:
         json_obj = OrderedDict([(k, int(v)) for (k, v) in zip(col_names, row)])
-        lines.append(json.dumps(json_obj))
+        lines.append(json_dumps(json_obj))
     data = linesep.join(lines).encode()
     columns = [pa.array(col, type=pa.int64()) for col in arr]
     expected = pa.Table.from_arrays(columns, col_names)
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_jvm.py b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_jvm.py
index d2ba780efc7..d71380b8666 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_jvm.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_jvm.py
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 # specific language governing permissions and limitations
 # under the License.
 
-import json
+from json import dumps as json_dumps
 import os
 import pyarrow as pa
 import pyarrow.jvm as pa_jvm
@@ -175,23 +175,23 @@ def test_jvm_types(root_allocator, pa_type, jvm_spec, nullable):
         # TODO: This needs to be set for complex types
         'children': []
     }
-    jvm_field = _jvm_field(json.dumps(spec))
+    jvm_field = _jvm_field(json_dumps(spec))
     result = pa_jvm.field(jvm_field)
     expected_field = pa.field('field_name', pa_type, nullable=nullable)
     assert result == expected_field
 
-    jvm_schema = _jvm_schema(json.dumps(spec))
+    jvm_schema = _jvm_schema(json_dumps(spec))
     result = pa_jvm.schema(jvm_schema)
     assert result == pa.schema([expected_field])
 
     # Schema with custom metadata
-    jvm_schema = _jvm_schema(json.dumps(spec), {'meta': 'data'})
+    jvm_schema = _jvm_schema(json_dumps(spec), {'meta': 'data'})
     result = pa_jvm.schema(jvm_schema)
     assert result == pa.schema([expected_field], {'meta': 'data'})
 
     # Schema with custom field metadata
     spec['metadata'] = [{'key': 'field meta', 'value': 'field data'}]
-    jvm_schema = _jvm_schema(json.dumps(spec))
+    jvm_schema = _jvm_schema(json_dumps(spec))
     result = pa_jvm.schema(jvm_schema)
     expected_field = expected_field.with_metadata(
         {'field meta': 'field data'})
@@ -379,7 +379,7 @@ def test_jvm_record_batch(root_allocator, pa_type, py_data, jvm_type,
         # TODO: This needs to be set for complex types
         'children': []
     }
-    jvm_field = _jvm_field(json.dumps(spec))
+    jvm_field = _jvm_field(json_dumps(spec))
 
     # Create VectorSchemaRoot
     jvm_fields = jpype.JClass('java.util.ArrayList')()
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_pandas.py b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_pandas.py
index ceea2527da0..f0bc4a31f34 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/tests/test_pandas.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/tests/test_pandas.py
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@
 
 import gc
 import decimal
-import json
+from json import dumps as json_dumps
 import multiprocessing as mp
 import sys
 import warnings
@@ -3264,7 +3264,8 @@ def test_error_sparse(self):
             df = pd.DataFrame({'a': pd.arrays.SparseArray([1, np.nan, 3])})
         except AttributeError:
             # pandas.arrays module introduced in pandas 0.24
-            df = pd.DataFrame({'a': pd.SparseArray([1, np.nan, 3])})
+            from pandas import SparseArray
+            df = pd.DataFrame({'a': SparseArray([1, np.nan, 3])})
         with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Sparse pandas data"):
             pa.Table.from_pandas(df)
 
@@ -4422,11 +4423,12 @@ def test_convert_to_extension_array(monkeypatch):
 
     # monkeypatch pandas Int64Dtype to *not* have the protocol method
     if Version(pd.__version__) < Version("1.3.0.dev"):
+        from pandas.core import integer
         monkeypatch.delattr(
-            pd.core.arrays.integer._IntegerDtype, "__from_arrow__")
+            integer._IntegerDtype, "__from_arrow__")
     else:
         monkeypatch.delattr(
-            pd.core.arrays.integer.NumericDtype, "__from_arrow__")
+            pd.core.arrays.integer.NumericDtype, "__from_arrow__") #  type: ignore[unresolved-attribute]
     # Int64Dtype has no __from_arrow__ -> use normal conversion
     result = table.to_pandas()
     assert len(_get_mgr(result).blocks) == 1
@@ -4467,11 +4469,12 @@ def test_conversion_extensiontype_to_extensionarray(monkeypatch):
     # monkeypatch pandas Int64Dtype to *not* have the protocol method
     # (remove the version added above and the actual version for recent pandas)
     if Version(pd.__version__) < Version("1.3.0.dev"):
+        from pandas.core import integer
         monkeypatch.delattr(
-            pd.core.arrays.integer._IntegerDtype, "__from_arrow__")
+            integer._IntegerDtype, "__from_arrow__")
     else:
         monkeypatch.delattr(
-            pd.core.arrays.integer.NumericDtype, "__from_arrow__")
+            pd.core.arrays.integer.NumericDtype, "__from_arrow__") #  type: ignore[unresolved-attribute]
 
     result = arr.to_pandas()
     assert _get_mgr(result).blocks[0].values.dtype == np.dtype("int64")
@@ -4650,7 +4653,7 @@ def test_metadata_compat_range_index_pre_0_12():
     t1 = pa.Table.from_arrays([a_arrow, rng_index_arrow],
                               names=['a', 'qux'])
     t1 = t1.replace_schema_metadata({
-        b'pandas': json.dumps(
+        b'pandas': json_dumps(
             {'index_columns': ['qux'],
              'column_indexes': [{'name': None,
                                  'field_name': None,
@@ -4679,7 +4682,7 @@ def test_metadata_compat_range_index_pre_0_12():
     t2 = pa.Table.from_arrays([a_arrow, rng_index_arrow],
                               names=['qux', gen_name_0])
     t2 = t2.replace_schema_metadata({
-        b'pandas': json.dumps(
+        b'pandas': json_dumps(
             {'index_columns': [gen_name_0],
              'column_indexes': [{'name': None,
                                  'field_name': None,
@@ -4708,7 +4711,7 @@ def test_metadata_compat_range_index_pre_0_12():
     t3 = pa.Table.from_arrays([a_arrow, rng_index_arrow],
                               names=['a', gen_name_0])
     t3 = t3.replace_schema_metadata({
-        b'pandas': json.dumps(
+        b'pandas': json_dumps(
             {'index_columns': [gen_name_0],
              'column_indexes': [{'name': None,
                                  'field_name': None,
@@ -4737,7 +4740,7 @@ def test_metadata_compat_range_index_pre_0_12():
     t4 = pa.Table.from_arrays([a_arrow, rng_index_arrow, b_arrow],
                               names=['a', 'qux', gen_name_1])
     t4 = t4.replace_schema_metadata({
-        b'pandas': json.dumps(
+        b'pandas': json_dumps(
             {'index_columns': ['qux', gen_name_1],
              'column_indexes': [{'name': None,
                                  'field_name': None,
@@ -4771,7 +4774,7 @@ def test_metadata_compat_range_index_pre_0_12():
     t5 = pa.Table.from_arrays([a_arrow, rng_index_arrow, b_arrow],
                               names=['a', gen_name_0, gen_name_1])
     t5 = t5.replace_schema_metadata({
-        b'pandas': json.dumps(
+        b'pandas': json_dumps(
             {'index_columns': [gen_name_0, gen_name_1],
              'column_indexes': [{'name': None,
                                  'field_name': None,
@@ -4818,7 +4821,7 @@ def test_metadata_compat_missing_field_name():
 
     # metadata generated by fastparquet 0.3.2 with missing field_names
     table = table.replace_schema_metadata({
-        b'pandas': json.dumps({
+        b'pandas': json_dumps({
             'column_indexes': [
                 {'field_name': None,
                  'metadata': None,
diff --git a/python/pyarrow/vendored/docscrape.py b/python/pyarrow/vendored/docscrape.py
index 6c4d6e01400..096ef245243 100644
--- a/python/pyarrow/vendored/docscrape.py
+++ b/python/pyarrow/vendored/docscrape.py
@@ -105,6 +105,10 @@ def is_empty(self):
 
 
 class ParseError(Exception):
+    def __init__(self, *args, docstring=None, **kwargs):
+        self.__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        self.docstring = docstring
+
     def __str__(self):
         message = self.args[0]
         if hasattr(self, 'docstring'):
@@ -153,7 +157,7 @@ def __init__(self, docstring, config=None):
         try:
             self._parse()
         except ParseError as e:
-            e.docstring = orig_docstring
+            e.docstring = orig_docstring #  type: ignore[unresolved-attribute]
             raise
 
     def __getitem__(self, key):
diff --git a/python/scripts/run_emscripten_tests.py b/python/scripts/run_emscripten_tests.py
index 53d3dd52bd8..9b833525939 100644
--- a/python/scripts/run_emscripten_tests.py
+++ b/python/scripts/run_emscripten_tests.py
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ def launch_server(dist_dir):
     address = q.get(timeout=50)
     time.sleep(0.1)  # wait to make sure server is started
     yield address
-    p.terminate()
+    p.join()
 
 
 class NodeDriver:
diff --git a/python/setup.py b/python/setup.py
index 504c78d61bb..4e87ecfbfcc 100755
--- a/python/setup.py
+++ b/python/setup.py
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@
 )
 
 
-if Cython.__version__ < '3':
+if Cython.__version__ < '3': #  type: ignore[unresolved-attribute]
     raise Exception(
         'Please update your Cython version. Supported Cython >= 3')
 
diff --git a/python/stubs/__lib_pxi/pandas_shim.pyi b/python/stubs/__lib_pxi/pandas_shim.pyi
index 0e80fae4ebf..29a8485d062 100644
--- a/python/stubs/__lib_pxi/pandas_shim.pyi
+++ b/python/stubs/__lib_pxi/pandas_shim.pyi
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from types import ModuleType
 from typing import Any, Iterable, TypeGuard
 
-import pandas as pd
+import pandas
 
 from numpy import dtype
 from pandas.core.dtypes.base import ExtensionDtype
@@ -9,8 +9,8 @@ from pandas.core.dtypes.base import ExtensionDtype
 class _PandasAPIShim:
     has_sparse: bool
 
-    def series(self, *args, **kwargs) -> pd.Series: ...
-    def data_frame(self, *args, **kwargs) -> pd.DataFrame: ...
+    def series(self, *args, **kwargs) -> pandas.Series: ...
+    def data_frame(self, *args, **kwargs) -> pandas.DataFrame: ...
     @property
     def have_pandas(self) -> bool: ...
     @property
@@ -28,21 +28,21 @@ class _PandasAPIShim:
     def is_ge_v23(self) -> bool: ...
     def is_ge_v3(self) -> bool: ...
     @property
-    def categorical_type(self) -> type[pd.Categorical]: ...
+    def categorical_type(self) -> type[pandas.Categorical]: ...
     @property
-    def datetimetz_type(self) -> type[pd.DatetimeTZDtype]: ...
+    def datetimetz_type(self) -> type[pandas.DatetimeTZDtype]: ...
     @property
     def extension_dtype(self) -> type[ExtensionDtype]: ...
     def is_array_like(
         self, obj: Any
-    ) -> TypeGuard[pd.Series | pd.Index | pd.Categorical | ExtensionDtype]: ...
-    def is_categorical(self, obj: Any) -> TypeGuard[pd.Categorical]: ...
-    def is_datetimetz(self, obj: Any) -> TypeGuard[pd.DatetimeTZDtype]: ...
+    ) -> TypeGuard[pandas.Series | pandas.Index | pandas.Categorical | ExtensionDtype]: ...
+    def is_categorical(self, obj: Any) -> TypeGuard[pandas.Categorical]: ...
+    def is_datetimetz(self, obj: Any) -> TypeGuard[pandas.DatetimeTZDtype]: ...
     def is_extension_array_dtype(self, obj: Any) -> TypeGuard[ExtensionDtype]: ...
     def is_sparse(self, obj: Any) -> bool: ...
-    def is_data_frame(self, obj: Any) -> TypeGuard[pd.DataFrame]: ...
-    def is_series(self, obj: Any) -> TypeGuard[pd.Series]: ...
-    def is_index(self, obj: Any) -> TypeGuard[pd.Index]: ...
+    def is_data_frame(self, obj: Any) -> TypeGuard[pandas.DataFrame]: ...
+    def is_series(self, obj: Any) -> TypeGuard[pandas.Series]: ...
+    def is_index(self, obj: Any) -> TypeGuard[pandas.Index]: ...
     def get_values(self, obj: Any) -> bool: ...
     def get_rangeindex_attribute(self, level, name): ...
 
diff --git a/python/stubs/cffi.pyi b/python/stubs/cffi.pyi
index 2ae945c5974..217b4b2ea44 100644
--- a/python/stubs/cffi.pyi
+++ b/python/stubs/cffi.pyi
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import cffi
+from cffi import FFI
 
 c_source: str
-ffi: cffi.FFI
+ffi: FFI