diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/markdown.rs b/src/librustdoc/html/markdown.rs
index 7826a5d8394a7..1d42ec8eec7cb 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/markdown.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/markdown.rs
@@ -1333,12 +1333,14 @@ impl Markdown<'_> {
 
         let mut s = String::with_capacity(md.len() * 3 / 2);
 
-        let p = HeadingLinks::new(p, None, ids, heading_offset);
-        let p = footnotes::Footnotes::new(p);
-        let p = LinkReplacer::new(p.map(|(ev, _)| ev), links);
-        let p = TableWrapper::new(p);
-        let p = CodeBlocks::new(p, codes, edition, playground);
-        html::push_html(&mut s, p);
+        ids.handle_footnotes(|ids, existing_footnotes| {
+            let p = HeadingLinks::new(p, None, ids, heading_offset);
+            let p = footnotes::Footnotes::new(p, existing_footnotes);
+            let p = LinkReplacer::new(p.map(|(ev, _)| ev), links);
+            let p = TableWrapper::new(p);
+            let p = CodeBlocks::new(p, codes, edition, playground);
+            html::push_html(&mut s, p);
+        });
 
         s
     }
@@ -1367,13 +1369,13 @@ impl MarkdownWithToc<'_> {
 
         let mut toc = TocBuilder::new();
 
-        {
+        ids.handle_footnotes(|ids, existing_footnotes| {
             let p = HeadingLinks::new(p, Some(&mut toc), ids, HeadingOffset::H1);
-            let p = footnotes::Footnotes::new(p);
+            let p = footnotes::Footnotes::new(p, existing_footnotes);
             let p = TableWrapper::new(p.map(|(ev, _)| ev));
             let p = CodeBlocks::new(p, codes, edition, playground);
             html::push_html(&mut s, p);
-        }
+        });
 
         (toc.into_toc(), s)
     }
@@ -1401,13 +1403,15 @@ impl MarkdownItemInfo<'_> {
 
         let mut s = String::with_capacity(md.len() * 3 / 2);
 
-        let p = HeadingLinks::new(p, None, ids, HeadingOffset::H1);
-        let p = footnotes::Footnotes::new(p);
-        let p = TableWrapper::new(p.map(|(ev, _)| ev));
-        let p = p.filter(|event| {
-            !matches!(event, Event::Start(Tag::Paragraph) | Event::End(TagEnd::Paragraph))
+        ids.handle_footnotes(|ids, existing_footnotes| {
+            let p = HeadingLinks::new(p, None, ids, HeadingOffset::H1);
+            let p = footnotes::Footnotes::new(p, existing_footnotes);
+            let p = TableWrapper::new(p.map(|(ev, _)| ev));
+            let p = p.filter(|event| {
+                !matches!(event, Event::Start(Tag::Paragraph) | Event::End(TagEnd::Paragraph))
+            });
+            html::push_html(&mut s, p);
         });
-        html::push_html(&mut s, p);
 
         s
     }
@@ -1882,6 +1886,7 @@ pub(crate) fn rust_code_blocks(md: &str, extra_info: &ExtraInfo<'_>) -> Vec<Rust
 #[derive(Clone, Default, Debug)]
 pub struct IdMap {
     map: FxHashMap<Cow<'static, str>, usize>,
+    existing_footnotes: usize,
 }
 
 // The map is pre-initialized and cloned each time to avoid reinitializing it repeatedly.
@@ -1943,7 +1948,7 @@ fn init_id_map() -> FxHashMap<Cow<'static, str>, usize> {
 
 impl IdMap {
     pub fn new() -> Self {
-        IdMap { map: DEFAULT_ID_MAP.get_or_init(init_id_map).clone() }
+        IdMap { map: DEFAULT_ID_MAP.get_or_init(init_id_map).clone(), existing_footnotes: 0 }
     }
 
     pub(crate) fn derive<S: AsRef<str> + ToString>(&mut self, candidate: S) -> String {
@@ -1959,4 +1964,13 @@ impl IdMap {
         self.map.insert(id.clone().into(), 1);
         id
     }
+
+    /// Method to handle `existing_footnotes` increment automatically (to prevent forgetting
+    /// about it).
+    pub(crate) fn handle_footnotes<F: FnOnce(&mut Self, &mut usize)>(&mut self, closure: F) {
+        let mut existing_footnotes = self.existing_footnotes;
+
+        closure(self, &mut existing_footnotes);
+        self.existing_footnotes = existing_footnotes;
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/markdown/footnotes.rs b/src/librustdoc/html/markdown/footnotes.rs
index 3f0e586b8e372..0958d446c2d6c 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/markdown/footnotes.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/markdown/footnotes.rs
@@ -8,36 +8,35 @@ use super::SpannedEvent;
 
 /// Moves all footnote definitions to the end and add back links to the
 /// references.
-pub(super) struct Footnotes<'a, I> {
+pub(super) struct Footnotes<'a, 'b, I> {
     inner: I,
     footnotes: FxIndexMap<String, FootnoteDef<'a>>,
+    existing_footnotes: &'b mut usize,
 }
 
 /// The definition of a single footnote.
 struct FootnoteDef<'a> {
     content: Vec<Event<'a>>,
     /// The number that appears in the footnote reference and list.
-    id: u16,
+    id: usize,
 }
 
-impl<'a, I> Footnotes<'a, I> {
-    pub(super) fn new(iter: I) -> Self {
-        Footnotes { inner: iter, footnotes: FxIndexMap::default() }
+impl<'a, 'b, I> Footnotes<'a, 'b, I> {
+    pub(super) fn new(iter: I, existing_footnotes: &'b mut usize) -> Self {
+        Footnotes { inner: iter, footnotes: FxIndexMap::default(), existing_footnotes }
     }
 
-    fn get_entry(&mut self, key: &str) -> (&mut Vec<Event<'a>>, u16) {
-        let new_id = self.footnotes.len() + 1;
+    fn get_entry(&mut self, key: &str) -> (&mut Vec<Event<'a>>, usize) {
+        let new_id = self.footnotes.len() + 1 + *self.existing_footnotes;
         let key = key.to_owned();
-        let FootnoteDef { content, id } = self
-            .footnotes
-            .entry(key)
-            .or_insert(FootnoteDef { content: Vec::new(), id: new_id as u16 });
+        let FootnoteDef { content, id } =
+            self.footnotes.entry(key).or_insert(FootnoteDef { content: Vec::new(), id: new_id });
         // Don't allow changing the ID of existing entrys, but allow changing the contents.
         (content, *id)
     }
 }
 
-impl<'a, I: Iterator<Item = SpannedEvent<'a>>> Iterator for Footnotes<'a, I> {
+impl<'a, 'b, I: Iterator<Item = SpannedEvent<'a>>> Iterator for Footnotes<'a, 'b, I> {
     type Item = SpannedEvent<'a>;
 
     fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
@@ -47,8 +46,13 @@ impl<'a, I: Iterator<Item = SpannedEvent<'a>>> Iterator for Footnotes<'a, I> {
                     // When we see a reference (to a footnote we may not know) the definition of,
                     // reserve a number for it, and emit a link to that number.
                     let (_, id) = self.get_entry(reference);
-                    let reference =
-                        format!("<sup id=\"fnref{0}\"><a href=\"#fn{0}\">{0}</a></sup>", id);
+                    let reference = format!(
+                        "<sup id=\"fnref{0}\"><a href=\"#fn{0}\">{1}</a></sup>",
+                        id,
+                        // Although the ID count is for the whole page, the footnote reference
+                        // are local to the item so we make this ID "local" when displayed.
+                        id - *self.existing_footnotes
+                    );
                     return Some((Event::Html(reference.into()), range));
                 }
                 Some((Event::Start(Tag::FootnoteDefinition(def)), _)) => {
@@ -64,6 +68,7 @@ impl<'a, I: Iterator<Item = SpannedEvent<'a>>> Iterator for Footnotes<'a, I> {
                         // After all the markdown is emmited, emit an <hr> then all the footnotes
                         // in a list.
                         let defs: Vec<_> = self.footnotes.drain(..).map(|(_, x)| x).collect();
+                        *self.existing_footnotes += defs.len();
                         let defs_html = render_footnotes_defs(defs);
                         return Some((Event::Html(defs_html.into()), 0..0));
                     } else {
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/html/render/context.rs b/src/librustdoc/html/render/context.rs
index dc4d45e592eb7..5f255c18ec6aa 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/html/render/context.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/html/render/context.rs
@@ -76,9 +76,9 @@ pub(crate) struct Context<'tcx> {
 
 // `Context` is cloned a lot, so we don't want the size to grow unexpectedly.
 #[cfg(all(not(windows), target_pointer_width = "64"))]
-rustc_data_structures::static_assert_size!(Context<'_>, 184);
-#[cfg(all(windows, target_pointer_width = "64"))]
 rustc_data_structures::static_assert_size!(Context<'_>, 192);
+#[cfg(all(windows, target_pointer_width = "64"))]
+rustc_data_structures::static_assert_size!(Context<'_>, 200);
 
 /// Shared mutable state used in [`Context`] and elsewhere.
 pub(crate) struct SharedContext<'tcx> {
diff --git a/tests/rustdoc/footnote-ids.rs b/tests/rustdoc/footnote-ids.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..d3a8435bb4701
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/rustdoc/footnote-ids.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// This test ensures that footnotes ID are not duplicated across an item page.
+// This is a regression test for <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/131901>.
+
+#![crate_name = "foo"]
+
+//@ has 'foo/struct.Foo.html'
+
+pub struct Foo;
+
+impl Foo {
+    //@ has - '//a[@href="#fn1"]' '1'
+    //@ has - '//li[@id="fn1"]' 'Hiya'
+    //@ has - '//a[@href="#fn2"]' '2'
+    //@ has - '//li[@id="fn2"]' 'Tiya'
+    /// Link 1 [^1]
+    /// Link 1.1 [^2]
+    ///
+    /// [^1]: Hiya
+    /// [^2]: Tiya
+    pub fn l1(){}
+
+    //@ has - '//a[@href="#fn3"]' '1'
+    //@ has - '//li[@id="fn3"]' 'Yiya'
+    //@ has - '//a[@href="#fn4"]' '2'
+    //@ has - '//li[@id="fn4"]' 'Biya'
+    /// Link 2 [^1]
+    /// Link 3 [^2]
+    ///
+    /// [^1]: Yiya
+    /// [^2]: Biya
+    pub fn l2() {}
+}
+
+impl Foo {
+    //@ has - '//a[@href="#fn5"]' '1'
+    //@ has - '//li[@id="fn5"]' 'Ciya'
+    /// Link 3 [^1]
+    ///
+    /// [^1]: Ciya
+    pub fn l3(){}
+}