diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
index c973bda1ef14f..17e54ec402e60 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/link.rs
@@ -786,12 +786,12 @@ fn link_natively(
         if matches!(flavor, LinkerFlavor::Gnu(Cc::Yes, _))
             && unknown_arg_regex.is_match(&out)
             && out.contains("-no-pie")
-            && cmd.get_args().iter().any(|e| e.to_string_lossy() == "-no-pie")
+            && cmd.get_args().iter().any(|e| e == "-no-pie")
         {
             info!("linker output: {:?}", out);
             warn!("Linker does not support -no-pie command line option. Retrying without.");
             for arg in cmd.take_args() {
-                if arg.to_string_lossy() != "-no-pie" {
+                if arg != "-no-pie" {
                     cmd.arg(arg);
                 }
             }
@@ -825,7 +825,7 @@ fn link_natively(
         if matches!(flavor, LinkerFlavor::Gnu(Cc::Yes, _))
             && unknown_arg_regex.is_match(&out)
             && (out.contains("-static-pie") || out.contains("--no-dynamic-linker"))
-            && cmd.get_args().iter().any(|e| e.to_string_lossy() == "-static-pie")
+            && cmd.get_args().iter().any(|e| e == "-static-pie")
         {
             info!("linker output: {:?}", out);
             warn!(
@@ -864,7 +864,7 @@ fn link_natively(
             assert!(pre_objects_static.is_empty() || !pre_objects_static_pie.is_empty());
             assert!(post_objects_static.is_empty() || !post_objects_static_pie.is_empty());
             for arg in cmd.take_args() {
-                if arg.to_string_lossy() == "-static-pie" {
+                if arg == "-static-pie" {
                     // Replace the output kind.
                     cmd.arg("-static");
                 } else if pre_objects_static_pie.contains(&arg) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/symbol_export.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/symbol_export.rs
index 0e335bf00cf05..897ec2a804254 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/symbol_export.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/back/symbol_export.rs
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ fn upstream_monomorphizations_provider(
     tcx: TyCtxt<'_>,
     (): (),
 ) -> DefIdMap<UnordMap<GenericArgsRef<'_>, CrateNum>> {
-    let cnums = tcx.crates(());
+    let cnums = tcx.used_crates(());
 
     let mut instances: DefIdMap<UnordMap<_, _>> = Default::default();
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/base.rs b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/base.rs
index 66bc5b6606ded..67eb6c1a97487 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/base.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_codegen_ssa/src/base.rs
@@ -539,7 +539,7 @@ pub fn collect_debugger_visualizers_transitive(
     tcx.debugger_visualizers(LOCAL_CRATE)
         .iter()
         .chain(
-            tcx.crates(())
+            tcx.used_crates(())
                 .iter()
                 .filter(|&cnum| {
                     let used_crate_source = tcx.used_crate_source(*cnum);
@@ -849,7 +849,7 @@ impl CrateInfo {
         // `compiler_builtins` are always placed last to ensure that they're linked correctly.
         used_crates.extend(compiler_builtins);
 
-        let crates = tcx.crates(());
+        let crates = tcx.used_crates(());
         let n_crates = crates.len();
         let mut info = CrateInfo {
             target_cpu,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/error.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/error.rs
index 08c9609eacfa4..7a1c2a7b6fa51 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/error.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/const_eval/error.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::mem;
 
 use rustc_errors::{DiagArgName, DiagArgValue, DiagMessage, Diagnostic, IntoDiagArg};
 use rustc_hir::CRATE_HIR_ID;
-use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::Provenance;
+use rustc_middle::mir::interpret::{Provenance, ReportedErrorInfo};
 use rustc_middle::mir::AssertKind;
 use rustc_middle::query::TyCtxtAt;
 use rustc_middle::ty::TyCtxt;
@@ -139,9 +139,10 @@ where
             ErrorHandled::TooGeneric(span)
         }
         err_inval!(AlreadyReported(guar)) => ErrorHandled::Reported(guar, span),
-        err_inval!(Layout(LayoutError::ReferencesError(guar))) => {
-            ErrorHandled::Reported(guar.into(), span)
-        }
+        err_inval!(Layout(LayoutError::ReferencesError(guar))) => ErrorHandled::Reported(
+            ReportedErrorInfo::tainted_by_errors(guar),
+            span,
+        ),
         // Report remaining errors.
         _ => {
             let (our_span, frames) = get_span_and_frames();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/eval_context.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/eval_context.rs
index 344bb7cd98be9..1207150b8b194 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/eval_context.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/interpret/eval_context.rs
@@ -1181,9 +1181,20 @@ impl<'mir, 'tcx: 'mir, M: Machine<'mir, 'tcx>> InterpCx<'mir, 'tcx, M> {
     ) -> InterpResult<'tcx, OpTy<'tcx, M::Provenance>> {
         M::eval_mir_constant(self, *val, span, layout, |ecx, val, span, layout| {
             let const_val = val.eval(*ecx.tcx, ecx.param_env, span).map_err(|err| {
-                if M::ALL_CONSTS_ARE_PRECHECKED && !matches!(err, ErrorHandled::TooGeneric(..)) {
-                    // Looks like the const is not captued by `required_consts`, that's bad.
-                    bug!("interpret const eval failure of {val:?} which is not in required_consts");
+                if M::ALL_CONSTS_ARE_PRECHECKED {
+                    match err {
+                        ErrorHandled::TooGeneric(..) => {},
+                        ErrorHandled::Reported(reported, span) => {
+                            if reported.is_tainted_by_errors() {
+                                // const-eval will return "tainted" errors if e.g. the layout cannot
+                                // be computed as the type references non-existing names.
+                                // See <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/124348>.
+                            } else {
+                                // Looks like the const is not captued by `required_consts`, that's bad.
+                                span_bug!(span, "interpret const eval failure of {val:?} which is not in required_consts");
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
                 err.emit_note(*ecx.tcx);
                 err
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/coercion.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/coercion.rs
index 33c24433ca341..11a1c65b74956 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/coercion.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/coercion.rs
@@ -1159,7 +1159,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
             let sig = self
                 .at(cause, self.param_env)
                 .trace(prev_ty, new_ty)
-                .lub(DefineOpaqueTypes::No, a_sig, b_sig)
+                .lub(DefineOpaqueTypes::Yes, a_sig, b_sig)
                 .map(|ok| self.register_infer_ok_obligations(ok))?;
 
             // Reify both sides and return the reified fn pointer type.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_infer/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_infer/messages.ftl
index 8f1c4ad462a67..fbe8d31370cc3 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_infer/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_infer/messages.ftl
@@ -104,10 +104,10 @@ infer_compare_impl_item_obligation = ...so that the definition in impl matches t
 infer_consider_specifying_length = consider specifying the actual array length
 infer_data_flows = ...but data{$label_var1_exists ->
     [true] {" "}from `{$label_var1}`
-    *[false] -> {""}
+    *[false] {""}
 } flows{$label_var2_exists ->
     [true] {" "}into `{$label_var2}`
-    *[false] -> {""}
+    *[false] {""}
 } here
 
 infer_data_lifetime_flow = ...but data with one lifetime flows into the other here
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs
index 76d5d7a3ac2fd..f1f9b74385129 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_interface/src/passes.rs
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ fn write_out_deps(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, outputs: &OutputFilenames, out_filenames: &[P
                 }
             }
 
-            for &cnum in tcx.crates(()) {
+            for &cnum in tcx.crates_including_speculative(()) {
                 let source = tcx.used_crate_source(cnum);
                 if let Some((path, _)) = &source.dylib {
                     files.push(escape_dep_filename(&path.display().to_string()));
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_lint/messages.ftl
index fa2f4d61a8d0e..a9304f27fe557 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/messages.ftl
@@ -627,7 +627,7 @@ lint_pattern_in_foreign = patterns aren't allowed in foreign function declaratio
     .label = pattern not allowed in foreign function
 
 lint_private_extern_crate_reexport =
-    extern crate `{$ident}` is private, and cannot be re-exported (error E0365), consider declaring with `pub`
+    extern crate `{$ident}` is private, and cannot be re-exported, consider declaring with `pub`
 
 lint_proc_macro_back_compat = using an old version of `{$crate_name}`
     .note = older versions of the `{$crate_name}` crate will stop compiling in future versions of Rust; please update to `{$crate_name}` v{$fixed_version}, or switch to one of the `{$crate_name}` alternatives
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs
index 0f059bceae7cb..a3a8e5199ff73 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/builtin.rs
@@ -674,11 +674,10 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for MissingCopyImplementations {
                 return;
             }
         }
-        let param_env = ty::ParamEnv::empty();
-        if ty.is_copy_modulo_regions(cx.tcx, param_env) {
+        if ty.is_copy_modulo_regions(cx.tcx, cx.param_env) {
             return;
         }
-        if type_implements_negative_copy_modulo_regions(cx.tcx, ty, param_env) {
+        if type_implements_negative_copy_modulo_regions(cx.tcx, ty, cx.param_env) {
             return;
         }
         if def.is_variant_list_non_exhaustive()
@@ -694,7 +693,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for MissingCopyImplementations {
                 .tcx
                 .infer_ctxt()
                 .build()
-                .type_implements_trait(iter_trait, [ty], param_env)
+                .type_implements_trait(iter_trait, [ty], cx.param_env)
                 .must_apply_modulo_regions()
         {
             return;
@@ -711,7 +710,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for MissingCopyImplementations {
 
         if type_allowed_to_implement_copy(
             cx.tcx,
-            param_env,
+            cx.param_env,
             ty,
             traits::ObligationCause::misc(item.span, item.owner_id.def_id),
         )
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lints.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lints.rs
index e16389cc5afc8..64c09396232da 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lints.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/lints.rs
@@ -2228,7 +2228,7 @@ pub struct MacroUseDeprecated;
 pub struct UnusedMacroUse;
 
 #[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
-#[diag(lint_private_extern_crate_reexport)]
+#[diag(lint_private_extern_crate_reexport, code = E0365)]
 pub struct PrivateExternCrateReexport {
     pub ident: Ident,
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_metadata/messages.ftl
index 2f5dfad265c80..932603cd6b267 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/messages.ftl
@@ -91,9 +91,6 @@ metadata_found_staticlib =
     found staticlib `{$crate_name}` instead of rlib or dylib{$add_info}
     .help = please recompile that crate using --crate-type lib
 
-metadata_framework_only_windows =
-    link kind `raw-dylib` is only supported on Windows targets
-
 metadata_global_alloc_required =
     no global memory allocator found but one is required; link to std or add `#[global_allocator]` to a static item that implements the GlobalAlloc trait
 
@@ -233,6 +230,9 @@ metadata_profiler_builtins_needs_core =
 metadata_raw_dylib_no_nul =
     link name must not contain NUL characters if link kind is `raw-dylib`
 
+metadata_raw_dylib_only_windows =
+    link kind `raw-dylib` is only supported on Windows targets
+
 metadata_renaming_no_link =
     renaming of the library `{$lib_name}` was specified, however this crate contains no `#[link(...)]` attributes referencing this library
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/dependency_format.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/dependency_format.rs
index 99181f9c8605c..8afeb43071979 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/dependency_format.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/dependency_format.rs
@@ -143,7 +143,7 @@ fn calculate_type(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, ty: CrateType) -> DependencyList {
                     && sess.crt_static(Some(ty))
                     && !sess.target.crt_static_allows_dylibs)
             {
-                for &cnum in tcx.crates(()).iter() {
+                for &cnum in tcx.used_crates(()).iter() {
                     if tcx.dep_kind(cnum).macros_only() {
                         continue;
                     }
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ fn calculate_type(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, ty: CrateType) -> DependencyList {
     // Sweep all crates for found dylibs. Add all dylibs, as well as their
     // dependencies, ensuring there are no conflicts. The only valid case for a
     // dependency to be relied upon twice is for both cases to rely on a dylib.
-    for &cnum in tcx.crates(()).iter() {
+    for &cnum in tcx.used_crates(()).iter() {
         if tcx.dep_kind(cnum).macros_only() {
             continue;
         }
@@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ fn calculate_type(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, ty: CrateType) -> DependencyList {
     }
 
     // Collect what we've got so far in the return vector.
-    let last_crate = tcx.crates(()).len();
+    let last_crate = tcx.used_crates(()).len();
     let mut ret = (1..last_crate + 1)
         .map(|cnum| match formats.get(&CrateNum::new(cnum)) {
             Some(&RequireDynamic) => Linkage::Dynamic,
@@ -196,7 +196,7 @@ fn calculate_type(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, ty: CrateType) -> DependencyList {
     //
     // If the crate hasn't been included yet and it's not actually required
     // (e.g., it's an allocator) then we skip it here as well.
-    for &cnum in tcx.crates(()).iter() {
+    for &cnum in tcx.used_crates(()).iter() {
         let src = tcx.used_crate_source(cnum);
         if src.dylib.is_none()
             && !formats.contains_key(&cnum)
@@ -284,7 +284,7 @@ fn add_library(
 
 fn attempt_static(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, unavailable: &mut Vec<CrateNum>) -> Option<DependencyList> {
     let all_crates_available_as_rlib = tcx
-        .crates(())
+        .used_crates(())
         .iter()
         .copied()
         .filter_map(|cnum| {
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ fn attempt_static(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, unavailable: &mut Vec<CrateNum>) -> Option<De
     // All crates are available in an rlib format, so we're just going to link
     // everything in explicitly so long as it's actually required.
     let mut ret = tcx
-        .crates(())
+        .used_crates(())
         .iter()
         .map(|&cnum| match tcx.dep_kind(cnum) {
             CrateDepKind::Explicit => Linkage::Static,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/errors.rs
index fb0010f2c5d2e..47d183a044040 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/errors.rs
@@ -142,8 +142,8 @@ pub struct LinkFrameworkApple {
 }
 
 #[derive(Diagnostic)]
-#[diag(metadata_framework_only_windows, code = E0455)]
-pub struct FrameworkOnlyWindows {
+#[diag(metadata_raw_dylib_only_windows, code = E0455)]
+pub struct RawDylibOnlyWindows {
     #[primary_span]
     pub span: Span,
 }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/native_libs.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/native_libs.rs
index 58760be921a61..1254ebead0727 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/native_libs.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/native_libs.rs
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Collector<'tcx> {
                             }
                             "raw-dylib" => {
                                 if !sess.target.is_like_windows {
-                                    sess.dcx().emit_err(errors::FrameworkOnlyWindows { span });
+                                    sess.dcx().emit_err(errors::RawDylibOnlyWindows { span });
                                 }
                                 NativeLibKind::RawDylib
                             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder/cstore_impl.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder/cstore_impl.rs
index c783149a69514..4cad317ce80cd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder/cstore_impl.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/decoder/cstore_impl.rs
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ pub(in crate::rmeta) fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
             // traversal, but not globally minimal across all crates.
             let bfs_queue = &mut VecDeque::new();
 
-            for &cnum in tcx.crates(()) {
+            for &cnum in tcx.crates_including_speculative(()) {
                 // Ignore crates without a corresponding local `extern crate` item.
                 if tcx.missing_extern_crate_item(cnum) {
                     continue;
@@ -505,7 +505,7 @@ pub(in crate::rmeta) fn provide(providers: &mut Providers) {
             tcx.arena
                 .alloc_slice(&CStore::from_tcx(tcx).crate_dependencies_in_postorder(LOCAL_CRATE))
         },
-        crates: |tcx, ()| {
+        crates_including_speculative: |tcx, ()| {
             // The list of loaded crates is now frozen in query cache,
             // so make sure cstore is not mutably accessed from here on.
             tcx.untracked().cstore.freeze();
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs
index db0dc6d9064b7..fbe70d4604c45 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_metadata/src/rmeta/encoder.rs
@@ -1898,7 +1898,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> EncodeContext<'a, 'tcx> {
 
         let deps = self
             .tcx
-            .crates(())
+            .crates_including_speculative(())
             .iter()
             .map(|&cnum| {
                 let dep = CrateDep {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/mod.rs
index f3f24f7717701..b17af47fbcd4f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/hir/map/mod.rs
@@ -1016,7 +1016,7 @@ pub(super) fn crate_hash(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, _: LocalCrate) -> Svh {
     let krate = tcx.hir_crate(());
     let hir_body_hash = krate.opt_hir_hash.expect("HIR hash missing while computing crate hash");
 
-    let upstream_crates = upstream_crates(tcx);
+    let upstream_crates = upstream_crates_for_hashing(tcx);
 
     let resolutions = tcx.resolutions(());
 
@@ -1085,9 +1085,9 @@ pub(super) fn crate_hash(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, _: LocalCrate) -> Svh {
     Svh::new(crate_hash)
 }
 
-fn upstream_crates(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) -> Vec<(StableCrateId, Svh)> {
+fn upstream_crates_for_hashing(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) -> Vec<(StableCrateId, Svh)> {
     let mut upstream_crates: Vec<_> = tcx
-        .crates(())
+        .crates_including_speculative(())
         .iter()
         .map(|&cnum| {
             let stable_crate_id = tcx.stable_crate_id(cnum);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/error.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/error.rs
index ed0e7c836c291..eabbcc2033f1f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/error.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/mir/interpret/error.rs
@@ -66,6 +66,9 @@ impl ReportedErrorInfo {
     pub fn tainted_by_errors(error: ErrorGuaranteed) -> ReportedErrorInfo {
         ReportedErrorInfo { is_tainted_by_errors: true, error }
     }
+    pub fn is_tainted_by_errors(&self) -> bool {
+        self.is_tainted_by_errors
+    }
 }
 
 impl From<ErrorGuaranteed> for ReportedErrorInfo {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
index c2f7a227f6661..0654d82838c9d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/query/mod.rs
@@ -1860,13 +1860,22 @@ rustc_queries! {
         eval_always
         desc { "calculating the stability index for the local crate" }
     }
-    query crates(_: ()) -> &'tcx [CrateNum] {
+    /// All loaded crates, including those loaded purely for doc links or diagnostics.
+    /// (Diagnostics include lints, so speculatively loaded crates may occur in successful
+    /// compilation even without doc links.)
+    /// Should be used when encoding crate metadata (and therefore when generating crate hash,
+    /// depinfo and similar things), to avoid dangling crate references in other encoded data,
+    /// like source maps.
+    /// May also be used for diagnostics - if we are loading a crate anyway we can suggest some
+    /// items from it as well.
+    /// But otherwise, `used_crates` should generally be used.
+    query crates_including_speculative(_: ()) -> &'tcx [CrateNum] {
         eval_always
         desc { "fetching all foreign CrateNum instances" }
     }
-    // Crates that are loaded non-speculatively (not for diagnostics or doc links).
-    // FIXME: This is currently only used for collecting lang items, but should be used instead of
-    // `crates` in most other cases too.
+    /// Crates that are loaded non-speculatively (not for diagnostics or doc links).
+    /// Should be used to maintain observable language behavior, for example when collecting lang
+    /// items or impls from all crates, or collecting libraries to link.
     query used_crates(_: ()) -> &'tcx [CrateNum] {
         eval_always
         desc { "fetching `CrateNum`s for all crates loaded non-speculatively" }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
index 896114e2483c7..e0d1b5a62f732 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/context.rs
@@ -1611,7 +1611,7 @@ impl<'tcx> TyCtxt<'tcx> {
 
     pub fn all_traits(self) -> impl Iterator<Item = DefId> + 'tcx {
         iter::once(LOCAL_CRATE)
-            .chain(self.crates(()).iter().copied())
+            .chain(self.used_crates(()).iter().copied())
             .flat_map(move |cnum| self.traits(cnum).iter().copied())
     }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/pretty.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/pretty.rs
index a1ead1bb59f54..0bcd02aaa3acf 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/pretty.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/print/pretty.rs
@@ -3258,7 +3258,7 @@ fn for_each_def(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, mut collect_fn: impl for<'b> FnMut(&'b Ident, N
     let queue = &mut Vec::new();
     let mut seen_defs: DefIdSet = Default::default();
 
-    for &cnum in tcx.crates(()).iter() {
+    for &cnum in tcx.crates_including_speculative(()).iter() {
         let def_id = cnum.as_def_id();
 
         // Ignore crates that are not direct dependencies.
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/trait_def.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/trait_def.rs
index cf1cbb934105b..d2bcab1493f08 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/trait_def.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/trait_def.rs
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ pub(super) fn trait_impls_of_provider(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, trait_id: DefId) -> Trait
     // Traits defined in the current crate can't have impls in upstream
     // crates, so we don't bother querying the cstore.
     if !trait_id.is_local() {
-        for &cnum in tcx.crates(()).iter() {
+        for &cnum in tcx.used_crates(()).iter() {
             for &(impl_def_id, simplified_self_ty) in
                 tcx.implementations_of_trait((cnum, trait_id)).iter()
             {
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ pub(super) fn incoherent_impls_provider(
     let mut impls = Vec::new();
 
     let mut res = Ok(());
-    for cnum in iter::once(LOCAL_CRATE).chain(tcx.crates(()).iter().copied()) {
+    for cnum in iter::once(LOCAL_CRATE).chain(tcx.used_crates(()).iter().copied()) {
         let incoherent_impls = match tcx.crate_incoherent_impls((cnum, simp)) {
             Ok(impls) => impls,
             Err(e) => {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/messages.ftl b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/messages.ftl
index 0bb44dbb8706b..67e1e15defab4 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/messages.ftl
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/messages.ftl
@@ -335,12 +335,12 @@ mir_build_unsafe_fn_safe_body = an unsafe function restricts its caller, but its
 mir_build_unsafe_not_inherited = items do not inherit unsafety from separate enclosing items
 
 mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_borrow_of_layout_constrained_field_requires_unsafe =
-    borrow of layout constrained field with interior mutability is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+    borrow of layout constrained field with interior mutability is unsafe and requires unsafe block
     .note = references to fields of layout constrained fields lose the constraints. Coupled with interior mutability, the field can be changed to invalid values
     .label = borrow of layout constrained field with interior mutability
 
 mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_call_to_fn_with_requires_unsafe =
-    call to function `{$function}` with `#[target_feature]` is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+    call to function `{$function}` with `#[target_feature]` is unsafe and requires unsafe block
     .help = in order for the call to be safe, the context requires the following additional target {$missing_target_features_count ->
         [1] feature
         *[count] features
@@ -355,48 +355,47 @@ mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_call_to_fn_with_requires_unsafe =
     .label = call to function with `#[target_feature]`
 
 mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_call_to_unsafe_fn_requires_unsafe =
-    call to unsafe function `{$function}` is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+    call to unsafe function `{$function}` is unsafe and requires unsafe block
     .note = consult the function's documentation for information on how to avoid undefined behavior
     .label = call to unsafe function
 
 mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_call_to_unsafe_fn_requires_unsafe_nameless =
-    call to unsafe function is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+    call to unsafe function is unsafe and requires unsafe block
     .note = consult the function's documentation for information on how to avoid undefined behavior
     .label = call to unsafe function
 
 mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_deref_raw_pointer_requires_unsafe =
-    dereference of raw pointer is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+    dereference of raw pointer is unsafe and requires unsafe block
     .note = raw pointers may be null, dangling or unaligned; they can violate aliasing rules and cause data races: all of these are undefined behavior
     .label = dereference of raw pointer
 
 mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_extern_static_requires_unsafe =
-    use of extern static is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+    use of extern static is unsafe and requires unsafe block
     .note = extern statics are not controlled by the Rust type system: invalid data, aliasing violations or data races will cause undefined behavior
     .label = use of extern static
 
 mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_initializing_type_with_requires_unsafe =
-    initializing type with `rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range` attr is unsafe and requires unsafe
-    block (error E0133)
+    initializing type with `rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range` attr is unsafe and requires unsafe block
     .note = initializing a layout restricted type's field with a value outside the valid range is undefined behavior
     .label = initializing type with `rustc_layout_scalar_valid_range` attr
 
 mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_inline_assembly_requires_unsafe =
-    use of inline assembly is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+    use of inline assembly is unsafe and requires unsafe block
     .note = inline assembly is entirely unchecked and can cause undefined behavior
     .label = use of inline assembly
 
 mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_mutable_static_requires_unsafe =
-    use of mutable static is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+    use of mutable static is unsafe and requires unsafe block
     .note = mutable statics can be mutated by multiple threads: aliasing violations or data races will cause undefined behavior
     .label = use of mutable static
 
 mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_mutation_of_layout_constrained_field_requires_unsafe =
-    mutation of layout constrained field is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+    mutation of layout constrained field is unsafe and requires unsafe block
     .note = mutating layout constrained fields cannot statically be checked for valid values
     .label = mutation of layout constrained field
 
 mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_union_field_requires_unsafe =
-    access to union field is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+    access to union field is unsafe and requires unsafe block
     .note = the field may not be properly initialized: using uninitialized data will cause undefined behavior
     .label = access to union field
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/errors.rs
index e2a28467b8457..38e6c00add81e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/errors.rs
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ pub struct UnconditionalRecursion {
 }
 
 #[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
-#[diag(mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_call_to_unsafe_fn_requires_unsafe)]
+#[diag(mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_call_to_unsafe_fn_requires_unsafe, code = E0133)]
 #[note]
 pub struct UnsafeOpInUnsafeFnCallToUnsafeFunctionRequiresUnsafe {
     #[label]
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ pub struct UnsafeOpInUnsafeFnCallToUnsafeFunctionRequiresUnsafe {
 }
 
 #[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
-#[diag(mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_call_to_unsafe_fn_requires_unsafe_nameless)]
+#[diag(mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_call_to_unsafe_fn_requires_unsafe_nameless, code = E0133)]
 #[note]
 pub struct UnsafeOpInUnsafeFnCallToUnsafeFunctionRequiresUnsafeNameless {
     #[label]
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ pub struct UnsafeOpInUnsafeFnCallToUnsafeFunctionRequiresUnsafeNameless {
 }
 
 #[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
-#[diag(mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_inline_assembly_requires_unsafe)]
+#[diag(mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_inline_assembly_requires_unsafe, code = E0133)]
 #[note]
 pub struct UnsafeOpInUnsafeFnUseOfInlineAssemblyRequiresUnsafe {
     #[label]
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ pub struct UnsafeOpInUnsafeFnUseOfInlineAssemblyRequiresUnsafe {
 }
 
 #[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
-#[diag(mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_initializing_type_with_requires_unsafe)]
+#[diag(mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_initializing_type_with_requires_unsafe, code = E0133)]
 #[note]
 pub struct UnsafeOpInUnsafeFnInitializingTypeWithRequiresUnsafe {
     #[label]
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ pub struct UnsafeOpInUnsafeFnInitializingTypeWithRequiresUnsafe {
 }
 
 #[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
-#[diag(mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_mutable_static_requires_unsafe)]
+#[diag(mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_mutable_static_requires_unsafe, code = E0133)]
 #[note]
 pub struct UnsafeOpInUnsafeFnUseOfMutableStaticRequiresUnsafe {
     #[label]
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ pub struct UnsafeOpInUnsafeFnUseOfMutableStaticRequiresUnsafe {
 }
 
 #[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
-#[diag(mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_extern_static_requires_unsafe)]
+#[diag(mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_extern_static_requires_unsafe, code = E0133)]
 #[note]
 pub struct UnsafeOpInUnsafeFnUseOfExternStaticRequiresUnsafe {
     #[label]
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ pub struct UnsafeOpInUnsafeFnUseOfExternStaticRequiresUnsafe {
 }
 
 #[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
-#[diag(mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_deref_raw_pointer_requires_unsafe)]
+#[diag(mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_deref_raw_pointer_requires_unsafe, code = E0133)]
 #[note]
 pub struct UnsafeOpInUnsafeFnDerefOfRawPointerRequiresUnsafe {
     #[label]
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ pub struct UnsafeOpInUnsafeFnDerefOfRawPointerRequiresUnsafe {
 }
 
 #[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
-#[diag(mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_union_field_requires_unsafe)]
+#[diag(mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_union_field_requires_unsafe, code = E0133)]
 #[note]
 pub struct UnsafeOpInUnsafeFnAccessToUnionFieldRequiresUnsafe {
     #[label]
@@ -102,7 +102,10 @@ pub struct UnsafeOpInUnsafeFnAccessToUnionFieldRequiresUnsafe {
 }
 
 #[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
-#[diag(mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_mutation_of_layout_constrained_field_requires_unsafe)]
+#[diag(
+    mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_mutation_of_layout_constrained_field_requires_unsafe,
+    code = E0133
+)]
 #[note]
 pub struct UnsafeOpInUnsafeFnMutationOfLayoutConstrainedFieldRequiresUnsafe {
     #[label]
@@ -112,7 +115,10 @@ pub struct UnsafeOpInUnsafeFnMutationOfLayoutConstrainedFieldRequiresUnsafe {
 }
 
 #[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
-#[diag(mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_borrow_of_layout_constrained_field_requires_unsafe)]
+#[diag(
+    mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_borrow_of_layout_constrained_field_requires_unsafe,
+    code = E0133,
+)]
 pub struct UnsafeOpInUnsafeFnBorrowOfLayoutConstrainedFieldRequiresUnsafe {
     #[label]
     pub span: Span,
@@ -121,7 +127,7 @@ pub struct UnsafeOpInUnsafeFnBorrowOfLayoutConstrainedFieldRequiresUnsafe {
 }
 
 #[derive(LintDiagnostic)]
-#[diag(mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_call_to_fn_with_requires_unsafe)]
+#[diag(mir_build_unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn_call_to_fn_with_requires_unsafe, code = E0133)]
 #[help]
 pub struct UnsafeOpInUnsafeFnCallToFunctionWithRequiresUnsafe {
     #[label]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/diagnostic_items.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/diagnostic_items.rs
index 906ecdfe5abae..78653e5f95a6d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/diagnostic_items.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/diagnostic_items.rs
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ fn all_diagnostic_items(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, (): ()) -> DiagnosticItems {
     let mut items = DiagnosticItems::default();
 
     // Collect diagnostic items in other crates.
-    for &cnum in tcx.crates(()).iter().chain(std::iter::once(&LOCAL_CRATE)) {
+    for &cnum in tcx.crates_including_speculative(()).iter().chain(std::iter::once(&LOCAL_CRATE)) {
         for (&name, &def_id) in &tcx.diagnostic_items(cnum).name_to_id {
             collect_item(tcx, &mut items, name, def_id);
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/stability.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/stability.rs
index 05c833cdfb657..4ed0e6abc77ee 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/stability.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/stability.rs
@@ -1020,7 +1020,7 @@ pub fn check_unused_or_stable_features(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) {
         // stabilization diagnostic, but it can be avoided when there are no
         // `remaining_lib_features`.
         let mut all_implications = remaining_implications.clone();
-        for &cnum in tcx.crates(()) {
+        for &cnum in tcx.used_crates(()) {
             all_implications
                 .extend_unord(tcx.stability_implications(cnum).items().map(|(k, v)| (*k, *v)));
         }
@@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@ pub fn check_unused_or_stable_features(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) {
             &all_implications,
         );
 
-        for &cnum in tcx.crates(()) {
+        for &cnum in tcx.used_crates(()) {
             if remaining_lib_features.is_empty() && remaining_implications.is_empty() {
                 break;
             }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/weak_lang_items.rs b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/weak_lang_items.rs
index 90691ca17908b..d80addf12364d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_passes/src/weak_lang_items.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_passes/src/weak_lang_items.rs
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ fn verify(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, items: &lang_items::LanguageItems) {
     }
 
     let mut missing = FxHashSet::default();
-    for &cnum in tcx.crates(()).iter() {
+    for &cnum in tcx.used_crates(()).iter() {
         for &item in tcx.missing_lang_items(cnum).iter() {
             missing.insert(item);
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/context.rs b/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/context.rs
index fd31c020f899a..242a48b3ca5f6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/context.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_smir/src/rustc_smir/context.rs
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Context for TablesWrapper<'tcx> {
         let mut tables = self.0.borrow_mut();
         let tcx = tables.tcx;
         iter::once(LOCAL_CRATE)
-            .chain(tables.tcx.crates(()).iter().copied())
+            .chain(tables.tcx.used_crates(()).iter().copied())
             .flat_map(|cnum| tcx.trait_impls_in_crate(cnum).iter())
             .map(|impl_def_id| tables.impl_def(*impl_def_id))
             .collect()
@@ -201,14 +201,19 @@ impl<'tcx> Context for TablesWrapper<'tcx> {
 
     fn external_crates(&self) -> Vec<stable_mir::Crate> {
         let tables = self.0.borrow();
-        tables.tcx.crates(()).iter().map(|crate_num| smir_crate(tables.tcx, *crate_num)).collect()
+        tables
+            .tcx
+            .used_crates(())
+            .iter()
+            .map(|crate_num| smir_crate(tables.tcx, *crate_num))
+            .collect()
     }
 
     fn find_crates(&self, name: &str) -> Vec<stable_mir::Crate> {
         let tables = self.0.borrow();
         let crates: Vec<stable_mir::Crate> = [LOCAL_CRATE]
             .iter()
-            .chain(tables.tcx.crates(()).iter())
+            .chain(tables.tcx.used_crates(()).iter())
             .filter_map(|crate_num| {
                 let crate_name = tables.tcx.crate_name(*crate_num).to_string();
                 (name == crate_name).then(|| smir_crate(tables.tcx, *crate_num))
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/clean/types.rs b/src/librustdoc/clean/types.rs
index b54ec62452476..7aab07c06a33c 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/clean/types.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/clean/types.rs
@@ -1937,7 +1937,7 @@ impl PrimitiveType {
             let mut primitive_locations = FxHashMap::default();
             // NOTE: technically this misses crates that are only passed with `--extern` and not loaded when checking the crate.
             // This is a degenerate case that I don't plan to support.
-            for &crate_num in tcx.crates(()) {
+            for &crate_num in tcx.crates_including_speculative(()) {
                 let e = ExternalCrate { crate_num };
                 let crate_name = e.name(tcx);
                 debug!(?crate_num, ?crate_name);
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/core.rs b/src/librustdoc/core.rs
index feb03b9a823e8..462b31f159b35 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/core.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/core.rs
@@ -347,7 +347,7 @@ pub(crate) fn run_global_ctxt(
         show_coverage,
     };
 
-    for cnum in tcx.crates(()) {
+    for cnum in tcx.crates_including_speculative(()) {
         crate::visit_lib::lib_embargo_visit_item(&mut ctxt, cnum.as_def_id());
     }
 
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/formats/cache.rs b/src/librustdoc/formats/cache.rs
index a3b88a880f2af..28ddf76a3a695 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/formats/cache.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/formats/cache.rs
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ impl Cache {
 
         // Cache where all our extern crates are located
         // FIXME: this part is specific to HTML so it'd be nice to remove it from the common code
-        for &crate_num in tcx.crates(()) {
+        for &crate_num in tcx.crates_including_speculative(()) {
             let e = ExternalCrate { crate_num };
 
             let name = e.name(tcx);
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/passes/collect_trait_impls.rs b/src/librustdoc/passes/collect_trait_impls.rs
index c92cf9d3e80d3..22daac9efb152 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/passes/collect_trait_impls.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/passes/collect_trait_impls.rs
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ pub(crate) fn collect_trait_impls(mut krate: Crate, cx: &mut DocContext<'_>) ->
     // External trait impls.
     {
         let _prof_timer = tcx.sess.prof.generic_activity("build_extern_trait_impls");
-        for &cnum in tcx.crates(()) {
+        for &cnum in tcx.crates_including_speculative(()) {
             for &impl_def_id in tcx.trait_impls_in_crate(cnum) {
                 cx.with_param_env(impl_def_id, |cx| {
                     inline::build_impl(cx, impl_def_id, None, &mut new_items_external);
diff --git a/src/librustdoc/scrape_examples.rs b/src/librustdoc/scrape_examples.rs
index e9b380fdeac66..64753a58a2bff 100644
--- a/src/librustdoc/scrape_examples.rs
+++ b/src/librustdoc/scrape_examples.rs
@@ -283,7 +283,7 @@ pub(crate) fn run(
         // Collect CrateIds corresponding to provided target crates
         // If two different versions of the crate in the dependency tree, then examples will be collected from both.
         let all_crates = tcx
-            .crates(())
+            .crates_including_speculative(())
             .iter()
             .chain([&LOCAL_CRATE])
             .map(|crate_num| (crate_num, tcx.crate_name(*crate_num)))
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/lib.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/lib.rs
index 4c603bda770a9..94d4656377f98 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/lib.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_utils/src/lib.rs
@@ -647,7 +647,7 @@ fn item_children_by_name(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, def_id: DefId, name: Symbol) -> Vec<Re
 /// This function is expensive and should be used sparingly.
 pub fn def_path_res(cx: &LateContext<'_>, path: &[&str]) -> Vec<Res> {
     fn find_crates(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, name: Symbol) -> impl Iterator<Item = DefId> + '_ {
-        tcx.crates(())
+        tcx.crates_including_speculative(())
             .iter()
             .copied()
             .filter(move |&num| tcx.crate_name(num) == name)
diff --git a/src/tools/miri/src/helpers.rs b/src/tools/miri/src/helpers.rs
index 4050ae3c4bf97..bd160380cd524 100644
--- a/src/tools/miri/src/helpers.rs
+++ b/src/tools/miri/src/helpers.rs
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ fn try_resolve_did(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>, path: &[&str], namespace: Option<Namespace>)
     // the one in the sysroot and the one locally built by `cargo test`.)
     // FIXME: can we prefer the one from the sysroot?
     'crates: for krate in
-        tcx.crates(()).iter().filter(|&&krate| tcx.crate_name(krate).as_str() == crate_name)
+        tcx.used_crates(()).iter().filter(|&&krate| tcx.crate_name(krate).as_str() == crate_name)
     {
         let mut cur_item = DefId { krate: *krate, index: CRATE_DEF_INDEX };
         // Go over the modules.
@@ -1365,7 +1365,7 @@ pub fn get_local_crates(tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) -> Vec<CrateNum> {
         .map(|crates| crates.split(',').map(|krate| krate.to_string()).collect::<Vec<_>>())
         .unwrap_or_default();
     let mut local_crates = Vec::new();
-    for &crate_num in tcx.crates(()) {
+    for &crate_num in tcx.crates_including_speculative(()) {
         let name = tcx.crate_name(crate_num);
         let name = name.as_str();
         if local_crate_names.iter().any(|local_name| local_name == name) {
diff --git a/src/tools/run-make-support/src/cc.rs b/src/tools/run-make-support/src/cc.rs
index a67f5c8a9ee43..799c36b104999 100644
--- a/src/tools/run-make-support/src/cc.rs
+++ b/src/tools/run-make-support/src/cc.rs
@@ -45,6 +45,14 @@ impl Cc {
         self
     }
 
+    /// Adds directories to the list that the linker searches for libraries.
+    /// Equivalent to `-L`.
+    pub fn library_search_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(&mut self, path: P) -> &mut Self {
+        self.cmd.arg("-L");
+        self.cmd.arg(path.as_ref());
+        self
+    }
+
     /// Specify `-o` or `-Fe`/`-Fo` depending on platform/compiler. This assumes that the executable
     /// is under `$TMPDIR`.
     pub fn out_exe(&mut self, name: &str) -> &mut Self {
diff --git a/src/tools/run-make-support/src/rustc.rs b/src/tools/run-make-support/src/rustc.rs
index f581204d5f1cb..1c83b630861cd 100644
--- a/src/tools/run-make-support/src/rustc.rs
+++ b/src/tools/run-make-support/src/rustc.rs
@@ -156,13 +156,20 @@ impl Rustc {
         self
     }
 
-    /// Add a directory to the library search path. Equivalent to `-L`` in rustc.
+    /// Add a directory to the library search path. Equivalent to `-L` in rustc.
     pub fn library_search_path<P: AsRef<Path>>(&mut self, path: P) -> &mut Self {
         self.cmd.arg("-L");
         self.cmd.arg(path.as_ref());
         self
     }
 
+    /// Override the system root. Equivalent to `--sysroot` in rustc.
+    pub fn sysroot<P: AsRef<Path>>(&mut self, path: P) -> &mut Self {
+        self.cmd.arg("--sysroot");
+        self.cmd.arg(path.as_ref());
+        self
+    }
+
     /// Specify the edition year.
     pub fn edition(&mut self, edition: &str) -> &mut Self {
         self.cmd.arg("--edition");
diff --git a/src/tools/tidy/src/allowed_run_make_makefiles.txt b/src/tools/tidy/src/allowed_run_make_makefiles.txt
index 72192f8f4622a..a10dea2daa1e9 100644
--- a/src/tools/tidy/src/allowed_run_make_makefiles.txt
+++ b/src/tools/tidy/src/allowed_run_make_makefiles.txt
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ run-make/compiler-rt-works-on-mingw/Makefile
 run-make/compressed-debuginfo/Makefile
 run-make/const-prop-lint/Makefile
 run-make/const_fn_mir/Makefile
-run-make/core-no-oom-handling/Makefile
 run-make/crate-data-smoke/Makefile
 run-make/crate-hash-rustc-version/Makefile
 run-make/crate-name-priority/Makefile
@@ -98,7 +97,6 @@ run-make/issue-15460/Makefile
 run-make/issue-18943/Makefile
 run-make/issue-20626/Makefile
 run-make/issue-22131/Makefile
-run-make/issue-24445/Makefile
 run-make/issue-25581/Makefile
 run-make/issue-26006/Makefile
 run-make/issue-26092/Makefile
@@ -109,7 +107,6 @@ run-make/issue-35164/Makefile
 run-make/issue-36710/Makefile
 run-make/issue-37839/Makefile
 run-make/issue-37893/Makefile
-run-make/issue-38237/Makefile
 run-make/issue-40535/Makefile
 run-make/issue-47384/Makefile
 run-make/issue-47551/Makefile
diff --git a/src/tools/tidy/src/style.rs b/src/tools/tidy/src/style.rs
index 9cabab582d0d8..64cc227762055 100644
--- a/src/tools/tidy/src/style.rs
+++ b/src/tools/tidy/src/style.rs
@@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ pub fn is_in(full_path: &Path, parent_folder_to_find: &str, folder_to_find: &str
         if parent.file_name().map_or_else(
             || false,
             |f| {
-                f.to_string_lossy() == folder_to_find
+                f == folder_to_find
                     && parent
                         .parent()
                         .and_then(|f| f.file_name())
diff --git a/tests/crashes/124348.rs b/tests/crashes/124348.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 554f383026cbd..0000000000000
--- a/tests/crashes/124348.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,7 +0,0 @@
-//@ known-bug: #124348
-enum Eek {
-    TheConst,
-    UnusedByTheConst(Sum),
-}
-
-const EEK_ZERO: &[Eek] = &[];
diff --git a/tests/run-make/alloc-no-oom-handling/rmake.rs b/tests/run-make/alloc-no-oom-handling/rmake.rs
index fec3c6532940e..4bca5d1f1efbe 100644
--- a/tests/run-make/alloc-no-oom-handling/rmake.rs
+++ b/tests/run-make/alloc-no-oom-handling/rmake.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// This test checks that alloc can still compile correctly
+// This test checks that alloc can still compile successfully
 // when the unstable no_global_oom_handling feature is turned on.
 // See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/84266
 
diff --git a/tests/run-make/alloc-no-rc/rmake.rs b/tests/run-make/alloc-no-rc/rmake.rs
index c5744a3f5eef5..8ff73324b0832 100644
--- a/tests/run-make/alloc-no-rc/rmake.rs
+++ b/tests/run-make/alloc-no-rc/rmake.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// This test checks that alloc can still compile correctly
+// This test checks that alloc can still compile successfully
 // when the unstable no_rc feature is turned on.
 // See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/84266
 
diff --git a/tests/run-make/alloc-no-sync/rmake.rs b/tests/run-make/alloc-no-sync/rmake.rs
index 6410eca80abff..3a3ceed686792 100644
--- a/tests/run-make/alloc-no-sync/rmake.rs
+++ b/tests/run-make/alloc-no-sync/rmake.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-// This test checks that alloc can still compile correctly
+// This test checks that alloc can still compile successfully
 // when the unstable no_sync feature is turned on.
 // See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/84266
 
diff --git a/tests/run-make/core-no-oom-handling/Makefile b/tests/run-make/core-no-oom-handling/Makefile
deleted file mode 100644
index 28c5261ff854d..0000000000000
--- a/tests/run-make/core-no-oom-handling/Makefile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-include ../tools.mk
-
-FAKEROOT=$(TMPDIR)/fakeroot
-
-all:
-	$(RUSTC) --edition=2021 -Dwarnings --crate-type=rlib ../../../library/core/src/lib.rs --sysroot=$(FAKEROOT) --cfg no_global_oom_handling
diff --git a/tests/run-make/core-no-oom-handling/rmake.rs b/tests/run-make/core-no-oom-handling/rmake.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..75767421cd1fa
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/run-make/core-no-oom-handling/rmake.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// This test checks that the core library can still compile successfully
+// when the no_global_oom_handling feature is turned on.
+// See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/110649
+
+use run_make_support::{rustc, tmp_dir};
+
+fn main() {
+    rustc()
+        .edition("2021")
+        .arg("-Dwarnings")
+        .crate_type("rlib")
+        .input("../../../library/core/src/lib.rs")
+        .sysroot(tmp_dir().join("fakeroot"))
+        .cfg("no_global_oom_handling")
+        .run();
+}
diff --git a/tests/run-make/issue-38237/bar.rs b/tests/run-make/deref-impl-rustdoc-ice/bar.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/run-make/issue-38237/bar.rs
rename to tests/run-make/deref-impl-rustdoc-ice/bar.rs
diff --git a/tests/run-make/issue-38237/baz.rs b/tests/run-make/deref-impl-rustdoc-ice/baz.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/run-make/issue-38237/baz.rs
rename to tests/run-make/deref-impl-rustdoc-ice/baz.rs
diff --git a/tests/run-make/issue-38237/foo.rs b/tests/run-make/deref-impl-rustdoc-ice/foo.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/run-make/issue-38237/foo.rs
rename to tests/run-make/deref-impl-rustdoc-ice/foo.rs
diff --git a/tests/run-make/deref-impl-rustdoc-ice/rmake.rs b/tests/run-make/deref-impl-rustdoc-ice/rmake.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..c2156de03a974
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/run-make/deref-impl-rustdoc-ice/rmake.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+// A very specific set of circumstances (mainly, implementing Deref, and
+// having a procedural macro and a Debug derivation in external crates) caused
+// an internal compiler error (ICE) when trying to use rustdoc. This test
+// reproduces the exact circumstances which caused the bug and checks
+// that it does not happen again.
+// See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/38237
+
+//@ ignore-cross-compile
+
+use run_make_support::{rustc, rustdoc, tmp_dir};
+
+fn main() {
+    rustc().input("foo.rs").run();
+    rustc().input("bar.rs").run();
+    rustdoc().input("baz.rs").library_search_path(tmp_dir()).output(tmp_dir()).run();
+}
diff --git a/tests/run-make/issue-24445/Makefile b/tests/run-make/issue-24445/Makefile
deleted file mode 100644
index a13910aa73ed0..0000000000000
--- a/tests/run-make/issue-24445/Makefile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-# ignore-cross-compile
-include ../tools.mk
-
-# only-linux
-
-all:
-	$(RUSTC) foo.rs
-	$(CC) foo.c -lfoo -L $(TMPDIR) -Wl,--gc-sections -lpthread -ldl -o $(TMPDIR)/foo
-	$(call RUN,foo)
-	$(CC) foo.c -lfoo -L $(TMPDIR) -Wl,--gc-sections -lpthread -ldl -pie -fPIC -o $(TMPDIR)/foo
-	$(call RUN,foo)
diff --git a/tests/run-make/issue-38237/Makefile b/tests/run-make/issue-38237/Makefile
deleted file mode 100644
index 80dddc5bd1331..0000000000000
--- a/tests/run-make/issue-38237/Makefile
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-# ignore-cross-compile
-include ../tools.mk
-
-all:
-	$(RUSTC) foo.rs; $(RUSTC) bar.rs
-	$(RUSTDOC) baz.rs -L $(TMPDIR) -o $(TMPDIR)
diff --git a/tests/run-make/issue-24445/foo.c b/tests/run-make/non-pie-thread-local/foo.c
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/run-make/issue-24445/foo.c
rename to tests/run-make/non-pie-thread-local/foo.c
diff --git a/tests/run-make/issue-24445/foo.rs b/tests/run-make/non-pie-thread-local/foo.rs
similarity index 100%
rename from tests/run-make/issue-24445/foo.rs
rename to tests/run-make/non-pie-thread-local/foo.rs
diff --git a/tests/run-make/non-pie-thread-local/rmake.rs b/tests/run-make/non-pie-thread-local/rmake.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..1ef447e786019
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/run-make/non-pie-thread-local/rmake.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+// It was once required to use a position-independent executable (PIE)
+// in order to use the thread_local! macro, or some symbols would contain
+// a NULL address. This was fixed, and this test checks a non-PIE, then a PIE
+// build to see if this bug makes a resurgence.
+// See https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/pull/24448
+
+//@ ignore-cross-compile
+//@ only-linux
+
+use run_make_support::{cc, run, rustc, tmp_dir};
+
+fn main() {
+    rustc().input("foo.rs").run();
+    cc().input("foo.c")
+        .arg("-lfoo")
+        .library_search_path(tmp_dir())
+        .arg("-Wl,--gc-sections")
+        .arg("-lpthread")
+        .arg("-ldl")
+        .out_exe("foo")
+        .run();
+    run("foo");
+    cc().input("foo.c")
+        .arg("-lfoo")
+        .library_search_path(tmp_dir())
+        .arg("-Wl,--gc-sections")
+        .arg("-lpthread")
+        .arg("-ldl")
+        .arg("-pie")
+        .arg("-fPIC")
+        .out_exe("foo")
+        .run();
+    run("foo");
+}
diff --git a/tests/ui/consts/erroneous_type_in_const_return_value.rs b/tests/ui/consts/erroneous_type_in_const_return_value.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..304211f77da72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/consts/erroneous_type_in_const_return_value.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//! ICE test #124348
+//! We should not be running const eval if the layout has errors.
+
+enum Eek {
+    TheConst,
+    UnusedByTheConst(Sum),
+    //~^ ERROR cannot find type `Sum` in this scope
+}
+
+const EEK_ZERO: &[Eek] = &[];
+
+fn main() {}
diff --git a/tests/ui/consts/erroneous_type_in_const_return_value.stderr b/tests/ui/consts/erroneous_type_in_const_return_value.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..453f5b640973f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/consts/erroneous_type_in_const_return_value.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+error[E0412]: cannot find type `Sum` in this scope
+  --> $DIR/erroneous_type_in_const_return_value.rs:6:22
+   |
+LL |     UnusedByTheConst(Sum),
+   |                      ^^^ not found in this scope
+   |
+help: consider importing this trait
+   |
+LL + use std::iter::Sum;
+   |
+
+error: aborting due to 1 previous error
+
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0412`.
diff --git a/tests/ui/consts/erroneous_type_in_promoted.rs b/tests/ui/consts/erroneous_type_in_promoted.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..32e33c2030fbb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/consts/erroneous_type_in_promoted.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//! ICE test #124348
+//! We should not be running const eval if the layout has errors.
+
+enum Eek {
+    TheConst,
+    UnusedByTheConst(Sum),
+    //~^ ERROR cannot find type `Sum` in this scope
+}
+
+const fn foo() {
+    let x: &'static [Eek] = &[];
+}
+
+fn main() {}
diff --git a/tests/ui/consts/erroneous_type_in_promoted.stderr b/tests/ui/consts/erroneous_type_in_promoted.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0601fc9ebe7fb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/consts/erroneous_type_in_promoted.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+error[E0412]: cannot find type `Sum` in this scope
+  --> $DIR/erroneous_type_in_promoted.rs:6:22
+   |
+LL |     UnusedByTheConst(Sum),
+   |                      ^^^ not found in this scope
+   |
+help: consider importing this trait
+   |
+LL + use std::iter::Sum;
+   |
+
+error: aborting due to 1 previous error
+
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0412`.
diff --git a/tests/ui/extern-flag/empty-extern-arg.stderr b/tests/ui/extern-flag/empty-extern-arg.stderr
index 2785b12a0aef4..6ad3effe0e26e 100644
--- a/tests/ui/extern-flag/empty-extern-arg.stderr
+++ b/tests/ui/extern-flag/empty-extern-arg.stderr
@@ -1,13 +1,6 @@
 error: extern location for std does not exist: 
 
-error: `#[panic_handler]` function required, but not found
-
-error: unwinding panics are not supported without std
-   |
-   = help: using nightly cargo, use -Zbuild-std with panic="abort" to avoid unwinding
-   = note: since the core library is usually precompiled with panic="unwind", rebuilding your crate with panic="abort" may not be enough to fix the problem
-
 error: requires `sized` lang_item
 
-error: aborting due to 4 previous errors
+error: aborting due to 2 previous errors
 
diff --git a/tests/ui/fn/fn_def_opaque_coercion_to_fn_ptr.rs b/tests/ui/fn/fn_def_opaque_coercion_to_fn_ptr.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..5250e3a3d93e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/fn/fn_def_opaque_coercion_to_fn_ptr.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+//! Test that coercing between function items of different functions works,
+//! as long as their signatures match. The resulting value is a function pointer.
+
+#![feature(type_alias_impl_trait)]
+
+fn foo<T>(t: T) -> T {
+    t
+}
+
+fn bar<T>(t: T) -> T {
+    t
+}
+
+type F = impl Sized;
+
+fn f(a: F) {
+    let mut x = bar::<F>;
+    x = foo::<()>; //~ ERROR: mismatched types
+    x(a);
+    x(());
+}
+
+type I = impl Sized;
+
+fn i(a: I) {
+    let mut x = bar::<()>;
+    x = foo::<I>; //~ ERROR: mismatched types
+    x(a);
+    x(());
+}
+
+type J = impl Sized;
+
+fn j(a: J) {
+    let x = match true {
+        true => bar::<J>,
+        false => foo::<()>,
+    };
+    x(a);
+    x(());
+}
+
+fn k() -> impl Sized {
+    fn bind<T, F: FnOnce(T) -> T>(_: T, f: F) -> F {
+        f
+    }
+    let x = match true {
+        true => {
+            let f = foo;
+            bind(k(), f)
+        }
+        false => bar::<()>,
+    };
+    todo!()
+}
+
+fn main() {}
diff --git a/tests/ui/fn/fn_def_opaque_coercion_to_fn_ptr.stderr b/tests/ui/fn/fn_def_opaque_coercion_to_fn_ptr.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..0b3331b040d85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/fn/fn_def_opaque_coercion_to_fn_ptr.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+error[E0308]: mismatched types
+  --> $DIR/fn_def_opaque_coercion_to_fn_ptr.rs:18:9
+   |
+LL | type F = impl Sized;
+   |          ---------- the expected opaque type
+...
+LL |     let mut x = bar::<F>;
+   |                 -------- expected due to this value
+LL |     x = foo::<()>;
+   |         ^^^^^^^^^ expected fn item, found a different fn item
+   |
+   = note: expected fn item `fn(F) -> F {bar::<F>}`
+              found fn item `fn(()) {foo::<()>}`
+
+error[E0308]: mismatched types
+  --> $DIR/fn_def_opaque_coercion_to_fn_ptr.rs:27:9
+   |
+LL | fn foo<T>(t: T) -> T {
+   | -------------------- function `foo` defined here
+...
+LL | type I = impl Sized;
+   |          ---------- the found opaque type
+...
+LL |     let mut x = bar::<()>;
+   |                 --------- expected due to this value
+LL |     x = foo::<I>;
+   |         ^^^^^^^^ expected fn item, found a different fn item
+   |
+   = note: expected fn item `fn(()) {bar::<()>}`
+              found fn item `fn(I) -> I {foo::<I>}`
+help: use parentheses to call this function
+   |
+LL |     x = foo::<I>(/* I */);
+   |                 +++++++++
+
+error: aborting due to 2 previous errors
+
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0308`.
diff --git a/tests/ui/lint/missing_copy_impl_trivial_bounds.rs b/tests/ui/lint/missing_copy_impl_trivial_bounds.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..9b743417bd52b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/lint/missing_copy_impl_trivial_bounds.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+//@ check-pass
+
+#![feature(trivial_bounds)]
+#![allow(trivial_bounds)]
+
+// Make sure that we still use the where-clauses from the struct when checking
+// if it may implement `Copy` unconditionally.
+// Fix for <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/125394>.
+
+pub trait Foo {
+    type Assoc;
+}
+
+pub struct Bar;
+
+// This needs to be public
+pub struct Baz2(<Bar as Foo>::Assoc)
+where
+    Bar: Foo;
+
+fn main() {}
diff --git a/tests/ui/pub/pub-reexport-priv-extern-crate.stderr b/tests/ui/pub/pub-reexport-priv-extern-crate.stderr
index c7fadc6f92931..3fa5b0f9aef3e 100644
--- a/tests/ui/pub/pub-reexport-priv-extern-crate.stderr
+++ b/tests/ui/pub/pub-reexport-priv-extern-crate.stderr
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ note: the crate import `core` is defined here
 LL |         extern crate core;
    |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-error: extern crate `core` is private, and cannot be re-exported (error E0365), consider declaring with `pub`
+error[E0365]: extern crate `core` is private, and cannot be re-exported, consider declaring with `pub`
   --> $DIR/pub-reexport-priv-extern-crate.rs:2:9
    |
 LL | pub use core as reexported_core;
@@ -34,4 +34,5 @@ LL | pub use core as reexported_core;
 
 error: aborting due to 3 previous errors
 
-For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0603`.
+Some errors have detailed explanations: E0365, E0603.
+For more information about an error, try `rustc --explain E0365`.
diff --git a/tests/ui/rfcs/rfc-2396-target_feature-11/safe-calls.stderr b/tests/ui/rfcs/rfc-2396-target_feature-11/safe-calls.stderr
index aa660db38679c..537819ab8595c 100644
--- a/tests/ui/rfcs/rfc-2396-target_feature-11/safe-calls.stderr
+++ b/tests/ui/rfcs/rfc-2396-target_feature-11/safe-calls.stderr
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ LL | const _: () = sse2_and_fxsr();
    = help: in order for the call to be safe, the context requires the following additional target features: sse2 and fxsr
    = note: the fxsr and sse2 target features being enabled in the build configuration does not remove the requirement to list them in `#[target_feature]`
 
-error: call to function `sse2` with `#[target_feature]` is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+error[E0133]: call to function `sse2` with `#[target_feature]` is unsafe and requires unsafe block
   --> $DIR/safe-calls.rs:70:5
    |
 LL |     sse2();
diff --git a/tests/ui/unsafe/edition-2024-unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn.stderr b/tests/ui/unsafe/edition-2024-unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn.stderr
index 2eb1754392e1a..fe12dd72d9ebe 100644
--- a/tests/ui/unsafe/edition-2024-unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn.stderr
+++ b/tests/ui/unsafe/edition-2024-unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn.stderr
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-warning: call to unsafe function `unsf` is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+warning[E0133]: call to unsafe function `unsf` is unsafe and requires unsafe block
   --> $DIR/edition-2024-unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn.rs:10:5
    |
 LL |     unsf();
@@ -15,3 +15,4 @@ LL | unsafe fn foo() {
 
 warning: 1 warning emitted
 
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0133`.
diff --git a/tests/ui/unsafe/unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn/edition_2024_default.stderr b/tests/ui/unsafe/unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn/edition_2024_default.stderr
index e6d1d4e5cc780..05f36ab47cb56 100644
--- a/tests/ui/unsafe/unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn/edition_2024_default.stderr
+++ b/tests/ui/unsafe/unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn/edition_2024_default.stderr
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-warning: call to unsafe function `unsf` is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+warning[E0133]: call to unsafe function `unsf` is unsafe and requires unsafe block
   --> $DIR/edition_2024_default.rs:13:5
    |
 LL |     unsf();
@@ -15,3 +15,4 @@ LL | unsafe fn foo() {
 
 warning: 1 warning emitted
 
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0133`.
diff --git a/tests/ui/unsafe/unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn/in_2024_compatibility.stderr b/tests/ui/unsafe/unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn/in_2024_compatibility.stderr
index 5092c1e689d67..3f97199458da4 100644
--- a/tests/ui/unsafe/unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn/in_2024_compatibility.stderr
+++ b/tests/ui/unsafe/unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn/in_2024_compatibility.stderr
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-error: call to unsafe function `unsf` is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+error[E0133]: call to unsafe function `unsf` is unsafe and requires unsafe block
   --> $DIR/in_2024_compatibility.rs:7:5
    |
 LL |     unsf();
@@ -20,3 +20,4 @@ LL | #![deny(rust_2024_compatibility)]
 
 error: aborting due to 1 previous error
 
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0133`.
diff --git a/tests/ui/unsafe/unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn/rfc-2585-unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn.stderr b/tests/ui/unsafe/unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn/rfc-2585-unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn.stderr
index 4bc604a110ea1..1f80342566ca3 100644
--- a/tests/ui/unsafe/unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn/rfc-2585-unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn.stderr
+++ b/tests/ui/unsafe/unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn/rfc-2585-unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn.stderr
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-error: call to unsafe function `unsf` is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+error[E0133]: call to unsafe function `unsf` is unsafe and requires unsafe block
   --> $DIR/rfc-2585-unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn.rs:9:5
    |
 LL |     unsf();
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ note: the lint level is defined here
 LL | #![deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]
    |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-error: dereference of raw pointer is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+error[E0133]: dereference of raw pointer is unsafe and requires unsafe block
   --> $DIR/rfc-2585-unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn.rs:11:5
    |
 LL |     *PTR;
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ LL |     *PTR;
    = note: for more information, see issue #71668 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/71668>
    = note: raw pointers may be null, dangling or unaligned; they can violate aliasing rules and cause data races: all of these are undefined behavior
 
-error: use of mutable static is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+error[E0133]: use of mutable static is unsafe and requires unsafe block
   --> $DIR/rfc-2585-unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn.rs:13:5
    |
 LL |     VOID = ();
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ note: the lint level is defined here
 LL | #![deny(unused_unsafe)]
    |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-error: call to unsafe function `unsf` is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+error[E0133]: call to unsafe function `unsf` is unsafe and requires unsafe block
   --> $DIR/rfc-2585-unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn.rs:24:5
    |
 LL |     unsf();
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ LL | #[deny(warnings)]
    |        ^^^^^^^^
    = note: `#[deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]` implied by `#[deny(warnings)]`
 
-error: dereference of raw pointer is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+error[E0133]: dereference of raw pointer is unsafe and requires unsafe block
   --> $DIR/rfc-2585-unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn.rs:26:5
    |
 LL |     *PTR;
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ LL |     *PTR;
    = note: for more information, see issue #71668 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/71668>
    = note: raw pointers may be null, dangling or unaligned; they can violate aliasing rules and cause data races: all of these are undefined behavior
 
-error: use of mutable static is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+error[E0133]: use of mutable static is unsafe and requires unsafe block
   --> $DIR/rfc-2585-unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn.rs:28:5
    |
 LL |     VOID = ();
diff --git a/tests/ui/unsafe/unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn/wrapping-unsafe-block-sugg.stderr b/tests/ui/unsafe/unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn/wrapping-unsafe-block-sugg.stderr
index b9f5969474d00..1ce22ecfdc796 100644
--- a/tests/ui/unsafe/unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn/wrapping-unsafe-block-sugg.stderr
+++ b/tests/ui/unsafe/unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn/wrapping-unsafe-block-sugg.stderr
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-error: call to unsafe function `unsf` is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+error[E0133]: call to unsafe function `unsf` is unsafe and requires unsafe block
   --> $DIR/wrapping-unsafe-block-sugg.rs:13:5
    |
 LL |     unsf();
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ note: the lint level is defined here
 LL | #![deny(unsafe_op_in_unsafe_fn)]
    |         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-error: call to unsafe function `unsf` is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+error[E0133]: call to unsafe function `unsf` is unsafe and requires unsafe block
   --> $DIR/wrapping-unsafe-block-sugg.rs:17:5
    |
 LL |     unsf();
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ LL |     unsf();
    = note: for more information, see issue #71668 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/71668>
    = note: consult the function's documentation for information on how to avoid undefined behavior
 
-error: dereference of raw pointer is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+error[E0133]: dereference of raw pointer is unsafe and requires unsafe block
   --> $DIR/wrapping-unsafe-block-sugg.rs:25:13
    |
 LL |     let y = *x;
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ note: an unsafe function restricts its caller, but its body is safe by default
 LL | pub unsafe fn bar(x: *const i32) -> i32 {
    | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-error: dereference of raw pointer is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+error[E0133]: dereference of raw pointer is unsafe and requires unsafe block
   --> $DIR/wrapping-unsafe-block-sugg.rs:29:9
    |
 LL |     y + *x
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ LL |     y + *x
    = note: for more information, see issue #71668 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/71668>
    = note: raw pointers may be null, dangling or unaligned; they can violate aliasing rules and cause data races: all of these are undefined behavior
 
-error: use of mutable static is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+error[E0133]: use of mutable static is unsafe and requires unsafe block
   --> $DIR/wrapping-unsafe-block-sugg.rs:38:13
    |
 LL |     let y = BAZ;
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ note: an unsafe function restricts its caller, but its body is safe by default
 LL | pub unsafe fn baz() -> i32 {
    | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
-error: use of mutable static is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+error[E0133]: use of mutable static is unsafe and requires unsafe block
   --> $DIR/wrapping-unsafe-block-sugg.rs:42:9
    |
 LL |     y + BAZ
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ LL |     y + BAZ
    = note: for more information, see issue #71668 <https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/71668>
    = note: mutable statics can be mutated by multiple threads: aliasing violations or data races will cause undefined behavior
 
-error: call to unsafe function `unsf` is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+error[E0133]: call to unsafe function `unsf` is unsafe and requires unsafe block
   --> $DIR/wrapping-unsafe-block-sugg.rs:48:36
    |
 LL | macro_rules! unsafe_macro { () => (unsf()) }
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ LL | pub unsafe fn unsafe_in_macro() {
    | ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
    = note: this error originates in the macro `unsafe_macro` (in Nightly builds, run with -Z macro-backtrace for more info)
 
-error: call to unsafe function `unsf` is unsafe and requires unsafe block (error E0133)
+error[E0133]: call to unsafe function `unsf` is unsafe and requires unsafe block
   --> $DIR/wrapping-unsafe-block-sugg.rs:48:36
    |
 LL | macro_rules! unsafe_macro { () => (unsf()) }
@@ -105,3 +105,4 @@ LL |     unsafe_macro!();
 
 error: aborting due to 8 previous errors
 
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0133`.