diff --git a/src/cargo/core/compiler/unit_dependencies.rs b/src/cargo/core/compiler/unit_dependencies.rs
index c3ad24645c0..503db7fc012 100644
--- a/src/cargo/core/compiler/unit_dependencies.rs
+++ b/src/cargo/core/compiler/unit_dependencies.rs
@@ -717,7 +717,7 @@ fn compute_deps_doc(
                 unit_for.root_compile_kind(),
             );
             deps_of(scrape_unit, state, unit_for)?;
-            ret.push(new_unit_dep(
+            ret.push(new_unit_dep_with_profile(
                 state,
                 scrape_unit,
                 &scrape_unit.pkg,
@@ -725,6 +725,7 @@ fn compute_deps_doc(
                 unit_for,
                 scrape_unit.kind,
                 scrape_unit.mode,
+                scrape_unit.profile.clone(),
                 IS_NO_ARTIFACT_DEP,
             )?);
         }
diff --git a/tests/testsuite/doc.rs b/tests/testsuite/doc.rs
index 917981d4949..547879a5292 100644
--- a/tests/testsuite/doc.rs
+++ b/tests/testsuite/doc.rs
@@ -2560,6 +2560,60 @@ fn scrape_examples_missing_flag() {
         .run();
 }
 
+#[cargo_test]
+fn scrape_examples_with_overriden_profiles() {
+    if !is_nightly() {
+        // -Z rustdoc-scrape-examples is unstable
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // #10500 is an issue where different profile overrides would make `cargo -Z
+    // rustdoc-scrape-examples` panic due to incomplete memoization of some
+    // units to scrape.
+
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [package]
+                name = "foo"
+                version = "0.0.1"
+                authors = []
+
+                [profile.dev]
+                panic = "abort"
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file("examples/ex.rs", "fn main() { foo::foo(); }")
+        .file("src/lib.rs", "pub fn foo() {}\npub fn bar() { foo(); }")
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("doc --all -Zunstable-options -Z rustdoc-scrape-examples=all")
+        .masquerade_as_nightly_cargo()
+        .run();
+
+    let p = project()
+        .file(
+            "Cargo.toml",
+            r#"
+                [package]
+                name = "foo"
+                version = "0.0.1"
+                authors = []
+
+                [profile.dev.build-override]
+                debug = 0
+            "#,
+        )
+        .file("examples/ex.rs", "fn main() { foo::foo(); }")
+        .file("src/lib.rs", "pub fn foo() {}\npub fn bar() { foo(); }")
+        .build();
+
+    p.cargo("doc --all -Zunstable-options -Z rustdoc-scrape-examples=all")
+        .masquerade_as_nightly_cargo()
+        .run();
+}
+
 #[cargo_test]
 fn lib_before_bin() {
     // Checks that the library is documented before the binary.