diff --git a/chalk-integration/src/lowering.rs b/chalk-integration/src/lowering.rs
index f274997e219..1c0e457025b 100644
--- a/chalk-integration/src/lowering.rs
+++ b/chalk-integration/src/lowering.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 use chalk_ir::cast::{Cast, Caster};
 use chalk_ir::interner::ChalkIr;
 use chalk_ir::{
-    self, AssocTypeId, BoundVar, DebruijnIndex, ImplId, StructId, Substitution, TraitId,
+    self, AssocTypeId, BoundVar, DebruijnIndex, ImplId, QuantifiedWhereClauses, StructId,
+    Substitution, TraitId,
 };
 use chalk_parse::ast::*;
 use chalk_rust_ir as rust_ir;
@@ -1000,10 +1001,9 @@ impl LowerTy for Ty {
                     // FIXME: Figure out a proper name for this type parameter
                     Some(chalk_ir::ParameterKind::Ty(intern(FIXME_SELF))),
                     |env| {
-                        Ok(bounds
-                            .lower(env)?
-                            .iter()
-                            .flat_map(|qil| {
+                        Ok(QuantifiedWhereClauses::from(
+                            interner,
+                            bounds.lower(env)?.iter().flat_map(|qil| {
                                 qil.into_where_clauses(
                                     interner,
                                     chalk_ir::TyData::BoundVar(BoundVar::new(
@@ -1012,8 +1012,8 @@ impl LowerTy for Ty {
                                     ))
                                     .intern(interner),
                                 )
-                            })
-                            .collect())
+                            }),
+                        ))
                     },
                 )?,
             })
diff --git a/chalk-integration/src/program.rs b/chalk-integration/src/program.rs
index e1ef452c637..e97ab5f93f7 100644
--- a/chalk-integration/src/program.rs
+++ b/chalk-integration/src/program.rs
@@ -217,6 +217,15 @@ impl tls::DebugContext for Program {
         let interner = self.interner();
         write!(fmt, "{:?}", separator_trait_ref.debug(interner))
     }
+
+    fn debug_quantified_where_clauses(
+        &self,
+        clauses: &chalk_ir::QuantifiedWhereClauses<ChalkIr>,
+        fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>,
+    ) -> Result<(), fmt::Error> {
+        let interner = self.interner();
+        write!(fmt, "{:?}", clauses.as_slice(interner))
+    }
 }
 
 impl RustIrDatabase<ChalkIr> for Program {
diff --git a/chalk-ir/src/cast.rs b/chalk-ir/src/cast.rs
index f9ca2f1e9fc..3f637378ae1 100644
--- a/chalk-ir/src/cast.rs
+++ b/chalk-ir/src/cast.rs
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ reflexive_impl!(for(I: Interner) DomainGoal<I>);
 reflexive_impl!(for(I: Interner) Goal<I>);
 reflexive_impl!(for(I: Interner) WhereClause<I>);
 reflexive_impl!(for(I: Interner) ProgramClause<I>);
+reflexive_impl!(for(I: Interner) QuantifiedWhereClause<I>);
 
 impl<I: Interner> CastTo<WhereClause<I>> for TraitRef<I> {
     fn cast_to(self, _interner: &I) -> WhereClause<I> {
diff --git a/chalk-ir/src/debug.rs b/chalk-ir/src/debug.rs
index c2e81b7f78a..482d1b1e66d 100644
--- a/chalk-ir/src/debug.rs
+++ b/chalk-ir/src/debug.rs
@@ -89,6 +89,13 @@ impl<I: Interner> Debug for AliasTy<I> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<I: Interner> Debug for QuantifiedWhereClauses<I> {
+    fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        I::debug_quantified_where_clauses(self, fmt)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| write!(fmt, "{:?}", self.interned))
+    }
+}
+
 impl<I: Interner> Display for Substitution<I> {
     fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error> {
         I::debug_substitution(self, fmt).unwrap_or_else(|| write!(fmt, "{:?}", self.parameters))
diff --git a/chalk-ir/src/fold/boring_impls.rs b/chalk-ir/src/fold/boring_impls.rs
index 40485b7ca08..9e5d114af0e 100644
--- a/chalk-ir/src/fold/boring_impls.rs
+++ b/chalk-ir/src/fold/boring_impls.rs
@@ -192,6 +192,29 @@ impl<I: Interner, TI: TargetInterner<I>> Fold<I, TI> for ProgramClauses<I> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<I: Interner, TI: TargetInterner<I>> Fold<I, TI> for QuantifiedWhereClauses<I> {
+    type Result = QuantifiedWhereClauses<TI>;
+    fn fold_with<'i>(
+        &self,
+        folder: &mut dyn Folder<'i, I, TI>,
+        outer_binder: DebruijnIndex,
+    ) -> Fallible<Self::Result>
+    where
+        I: 'i,
+        TI: 'i,
+    {
+        let interner = folder.interner();
+        let target_interner = folder.target_interner();
+        let folded = self
+            .iter(interner)
+            .map(|p| p.fold_with(folder, outer_binder));
+        Ok(QuantifiedWhereClauses::from_fallible(
+            target_interner,
+            folded,
+        )?)
+    }
+}
+
 #[macro_export]
 macro_rules! copy_fold {
     ($t:ty) => {
diff --git a/chalk-ir/src/interner.rs b/chalk-ir/src/interner.rs
index bacccd2105b..305f6991f66 100644
--- a/chalk-ir/src/interner.rs
+++ b/chalk-ir/src/interner.rs
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ use crate::ProgramClause;
 use crate::ProgramClauseData;
 use crate::ProgramClauseImplication;
 use crate::ProgramClauses;
+use crate::QuantifiedWhereClause;
+use crate::QuantifiedWhereClauses;
 use crate::SeparatorTraitRef;
 use crate::StructId;
 use crate::Substitution;
@@ -113,6 +115,14 @@ pub trait Interner: Debug + Copy + Eq + Ord + Hash {
     /// converted back to its underlying data via `program_clause_data`.
     type InternedProgramClause: Debug + Clone + Eq + Hash;
 
+    /// "Interned" representation of a list of quantified where clauses.  
+    /// In normal user code, `Self::InternedQuantifiedWhereClauses` is not referenced.
+    /// Instead, we refer to `QuantifiedWhereClauses<Self>`, which wraps this type.
+    ///
+    /// An `InternedQuantifiedWhereClauses` is created by `intern_quantified_where_clauses`
+    /// and can be converted back to its underlying data via `quantified_where_clauses_data`.
+    type InternedQuantifiedWhereClauses: Debug + Clone + Eq + Hash;
+
     /// The core "id" type used for struct-ids and the like.
     type DefId: Debug + Copy + Eq + Ord + Hash;
 
@@ -328,6 +338,21 @@ pub trait Interner: Debug + Copy + Eq + Ord + Hash {
         None
     }
 
+    /// Prints the debug representation of a QuantifiedWhereClauses. To get good
+    /// results, this requires inspecting TLS, and is difficult to
+    /// code without reference to a specific interner (and hence
+    /// fully known types).
+    ///
+    /// Returns `None` to fallback to the default debug output (e.g.,
+    /// if no info about current program is available from TLS).
+    #[allow(unused_variables)]
+    fn debug_quantified_where_clauses(
+        clauses: &QuantifiedWhereClauses<Self>,
+        fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>,
+    ) -> Option<fmt::Result> {
+        None
+    }
+
     /// Create an "interned" type from `ty`. This is not normally
     /// invoked directly; instead, you invoke `TyData::intern` (which
     /// will ultimately call this method).
@@ -413,6 +438,22 @@ pub trait Interner: Debug + Copy + Eq + Ord + Hash {
         &self,
         clauses: &'a Self::InternedProgramClauses,
     ) -> &'a [ProgramClause<Self>];
+
+    /// Create an "interned" quantified where clauses from `data`. This is not
+    /// normally invoked directly; instead, you invoke
+    /// `QuantifiedWhereClauses::from` (which will ultimately call this
+    /// method).
+    fn intern_quantified_where_clauses(
+        &self,
+        data: impl IntoIterator<Item = QuantifiedWhereClause<Self>>,
+    ) -> Self::InternedQuantifiedWhereClauses;
+
+    /// Lookup the slice of `QuantifiedWhereClause` that was interned to
+    /// create a `QuantifiedWhereClauses`.
+    fn quantified_where_clauses_data<'a>(
+        &self,
+        clauses: &'a Self::InternedQuantifiedWhereClauses,
+    ) -> &'a [QuantifiedWhereClause<Self>];
 }
 
 pub trait TargetInterner<I: Interner>: Interner {
@@ -469,6 +510,7 @@ mod default {
         type InternedSubstitution = Vec<Parameter<ChalkIr>>;
         type InternedProgramClause = ProgramClauseData<ChalkIr>;
         type InternedProgramClauses = Vec<ProgramClause<ChalkIr>>;
+        type InternedQuantifiedWhereClauses = Vec<QuantifiedWhereClause<ChalkIr>>;
         type DefId = RawId;
         type Identifier = Identifier;
 
@@ -574,6 +616,15 @@ mod default {
             })
         }
 
+        fn debug_quantified_where_clauses(
+            clauses: &QuantifiedWhereClauses<Self>,
+            fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>,
+        ) -> Option<fmt::Result> {
+            tls::with_current_program(|prog| {
+                Some(prog?.debug_quantified_where_clauses(clauses, fmt))
+            })
+        }
+
         fn intern_ty(&self, ty: TyData<ChalkIr>) -> Arc<TyData<ChalkIr>> {
             Arc::new(ty)
         }
@@ -661,6 +712,20 @@ mod default {
         ) -> &'a [ProgramClause<Self>] {
             clauses
         }
+
+        fn intern_quantified_where_clauses(
+            &self,
+            data: impl IntoIterator<Item = QuantifiedWhereClause<Self>>,
+        ) -> Self::InternedQuantifiedWhereClauses {
+            data.into_iter().collect()
+        }
+
+        fn quantified_where_clauses_data<'a>(
+            &self,
+            clauses: &'a Self::InternedQuantifiedWhereClauses,
+        ) -> &'a [QuantifiedWhereClause<Self>] {
+            clauses
+        }
     }
 
     impl HasInterner for ChalkIr {
diff --git a/chalk-ir/src/lib.rs b/chalk-ir/src/lib.rs
index 27b5162f0ba..32751776d34 100644
--- a/chalk-ir/src/lib.rs
+++ b/chalk-ir/src/lib.rs
@@ -543,7 +543,7 @@ impl DebruijnIndex {
 /// level of binder).
 #[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Fold)]
 pub struct DynTy<I: Interner> {
-    pub bounds: Binders<Vec<QuantifiedWhereClause<I>>>,
+    pub bounds: Binders<QuantifiedWhereClauses<I>>,
 }
 
 #[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord)]
@@ -1033,6 +1033,62 @@ impl<I: Interner> QuantifiedWhereClause<I> {
     }
 }
 
+#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, PartialOrd, Ord, HasInterner)]
+pub struct QuantifiedWhereClauses<I: Interner> {
+    interned: I::InternedQuantifiedWhereClauses,
+}
+
+impl<I: Interner> QuantifiedWhereClauses<I> {
+    pub fn new(interner: &I) -> Self {
+        Self::from(interner, None::<QuantifiedWhereClause<I>>)
+    }
+
+    pub fn interned(&self) -> &I::InternedQuantifiedWhereClauses {
+        &self.interned
+    }
+
+    pub fn from(
+        interner: &I,
+        clauses: impl IntoIterator<Item = impl CastTo<QuantifiedWhereClause<I>>>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        use crate::cast::Caster;
+        QuantifiedWhereClauses {
+            interned: I::intern_quantified_where_clauses(
+                interner,
+                clauses.into_iter().casted(interner),
+            ),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn from_fallible<E>(
+        interner: &I,
+        clauses: impl IntoIterator<Item = Result<impl CastTo<QuantifiedWhereClause<I>>, E>>,
+    ) -> Result<Self, E> {
+        use crate::cast::Caster;
+        let clauses = clauses
+            .into_iter()
+            .casted(interner)
+            .collect::<Result<Vec<QuantifiedWhereClause<I>>, _>>()?;
+        Ok(Self::from(interner, clauses))
+    }
+
+    pub fn iter(&self, interner: &I) -> std::slice::Iter<'_, QuantifiedWhereClause<I>> {
+        self.as_slice(interner).iter()
+    }
+
+    pub fn is_empty(&self, interner: &I) -> bool {
+        self.as_slice(interner).is_empty()
+    }
+
+    pub fn len(&self, interner: &I) -> usize {
+        self.as_slice(interner).len()
+    }
+
+    pub fn as_slice(&self, interner: &I) -> &[QuantifiedWhereClause<I>] {
+        interner.quantified_where_clauses_data(&self.interned)
+    }
+}
+
 impl<I: Interner> DomainGoal<I> {
     /// Convert `Implemented(...)` into `FromEnv(...)`, but leave other
     /// goals unchanged.
diff --git a/chalk-ir/src/tls.rs b/chalk-ir/src/tls.rs
index 69be655a9f0..7344e8b8261 100644
--- a/chalk-ir/src/tls.rs
+++ b/chalk-ir/src/tls.rs
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 use crate::interner::ChalkIr;
 use crate::{
     debug::SeparatorTraitRef, AliasTy, ApplicationTy, AssocTypeId, Goal, Goals, Lifetime,
-    Parameter, ProgramClause, ProgramClauseImplication, ProgramClauses, StructId, Substitution,
-    TraitId, Ty,
+    Parameter, ProgramClause, ProgramClauseImplication, ProgramClauses, QuantifiedWhereClauses,
+    StructId, Substitution, TraitId, Ty,
 };
 use std::cell::RefCell;
 use std::fmt;
@@ -98,6 +98,12 @@ pub trait DebugContext {
         separator_trait_ref: &SeparatorTraitRef<'_, ChalkIr>,
         fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>,
     ) -> Result<(), fmt::Error>;
+
+    fn debug_quantified_where_clauses(
+        &self,
+        clauses: &QuantifiedWhereClauses<ChalkIr>,
+        fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>,
+    ) -> Result<(), fmt::Error>;
 }
 
 pub fn with_current_program<R>(op: impl FnOnce(Option<&Arc<dyn DebugContext>>) -> R) -> R {
diff --git a/chalk-ir/src/zip.rs b/chalk-ir/src/zip.rs
index 5aef08a92c1..5159ddc078c 100644
--- a/chalk-ir/src/zip.rs
+++ b/chalk-ir/src/zip.rs
@@ -283,6 +283,17 @@ impl<I: Interner> Zip<I> for ProgramClauses<I> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<I: Interner> Zip<I> for QuantifiedWhereClauses<I> {
+    fn zip_with<'i, Z: Zipper<'i, I>>(zipper: &mut Z, a: &Self, b: &Self) -> Fallible<()>
+    where
+        I: 'i,
+    {
+        let interner = zipper.interner();
+        Zip::zip_with(zipper, a.as_slice(interner), b.as_slice(interner))?;
+        Ok(())
+    }
+}
+
 /// Generates a Zip impl that requires the two enums be the same
 /// variant, then zips each field of the variant in turn. Only works
 /// if all variants have a single parenthesized value right now.
diff --git a/chalk-solve/src/clauses.rs b/chalk-solve/src/clauses.rs
index abc70ae9b29..21c10595aaf 100644
--- a/chalk-solve/src/clauses.rs
+++ b/chalk-solve/src/clauses.rs
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ fn program_clauses_that_could_match<I: Interner>(
                 // and `bounded_ty` is the `exists<T> { .. }`
                 // clauses shown above.
 
-                for exists_qwc in &dyn_ty.bounds {
+                for exists_qwc in dyn_ty.bounds.map_ref(|r| r.iter(interner)) {
                     // Replace the `T` from `exists<T> { .. }` with `self_ty`,
                     // yielding clases like
                     //
diff --git a/chalk-solve/src/wf.rs b/chalk-solve/src/wf.rs
index c3a5f62337b..413ecf57807 100644
--- a/chalk-solve/src/wf.rs
+++ b/chalk-solve/src/wf.rs
@@ -78,6 +78,12 @@ impl<I: Interner> FoldInputTypes for Substitution<I> {
     }
 }
 
+impl<I: Interner> FoldInputTypes for QuantifiedWhereClauses<I> {
+    fn fold(&self, interner: &I, accumulator: &mut Vec<Ty<I>>) {
+        self.as_slice(interner).fold(interner, accumulator)
+    }
+}
+
 impl<I: Interner> FoldInputTypes for Ty<I> {
     fn fold(&self, interner: &I, accumulator: &mut Vec<Ty<I>>) {
         match self.data(interner) {