diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/test.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/test.rs
index 2ad1b39a87c83..4aced4f1e3211 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/test.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/build_steps/test.rs
@@ -1933,9 +1933,13 @@ NOTE: if you're sure you want to do this, please open an issue as to why. In the
 
         cmd.arg("--json");
 
-        if builder.config.rust_debug_assertions_std {
-            cmd.arg("--with-debug-assertions");
-        };
+        if builder.config.rustc_debug_assertions {
+            cmd.arg("--with-rustc-debug-assertions");
+        }
+
+        if builder.config.std_debug_assertions {
+            cmd.arg("--with-std-debug-assertions");
+        }
 
         let mut llvm_components_passed = false;
         let mut copts_passed = false;
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/cargo.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/cargo.rs
index c3d0994f16410..134da5db96d06 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/cargo.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/builder/cargo.rs
@@ -833,9 +833,9 @@ impl Builder<'_> {
         cargo.env(
             profile_var("DEBUG_ASSERTIONS"),
             if mode == Mode::Std {
-                self.config.rust_debug_assertions_std.to_string()
+                self.config.std_debug_assertions.to_string()
             } else {
-                self.config.rust_debug_assertions.to_string()
+                self.config.rustc_debug_assertions.to_string()
             },
         );
         cargo.env(
diff --git a/src/bootstrap/src/core/config/config.rs b/src/bootstrap/src/core/config/config.rs
index 8115aea033d93..f977c285a74c1 100644
--- a/src/bootstrap/src/core/config/config.rs
+++ b/src/bootstrap/src/core/config/config.rs
@@ -263,8 +263,10 @@ pub struct Config {
     pub rust_optimize: RustOptimize,
     pub rust_codegen_units: Option<u32>,
     pub rust_codegen_units_std: Option<u32>,
-    pub rust_debug_assertions: bool,
-    pub rust_debug_assertions_std: bool,
+
+    pub rustc_debug_assertions: bool,
+    pub std_debug_assertions: bool,
+
     pub rust_overflow_checks: bool,
     pub rust_overflow_checks_std: bool,
     pub rust_debug_logging: bool,
@@ -1115,9 +1117,9 @@ define_config! {
         debug: Option<bool> = "debug",
         codegen_units: Option<u32> = "codegen-units",
         codegen_units_std: Option<u32> = "codegen-units-std",
-        debug_assertions: Option<bool> = "debug-assertions",
+        rustc_debug_assertions: Option<bool> = "debug-assertions",
         randomize_layout: Option<bool> = "randomize-layout",
-        debug_assertions_std: Option<bool> = "debug-assertions-std",
+        std_debug_assertions: Option<bool> = "debug-assertions-std",
         overflow_checks: Option<bool> = "overflow-checks",
         overflow_checks_std: Option<bool> = "overflow-checks-std",
         debug_logging: Option<bool> = "debug-logging",
@@ -1652,8 +1654,8 @@ impl Config {
         let mut llvm_offload = None;
         let mut llvm_plugins = None;
         let mut debug = None;
-        let mut debug_assertions = None;
-        let mut debug_assertions_std = None;
+        let mut rustc_debug_assertions = None;
+        let mut std_debug_assertions = None;
         let mut overflow_checks = None;
         let mut overflow_checks_std = None;
         let mut debug_logging = None;
@@ -1675,8 +1677,8 @@ impl Config {
                 debug: debug_toml,
                 codegen_units,
                 codegen_units_std,
-                debug_assertions: debug_assertions_toml,
-                debug_assertions_std: debug_assertions_std_toml,
+                rustc_debug_assertions: rustc_debug_assertions_toml,
+                std_debug_assertions: std_debug_assertions_toml,
                 overflow_checks: overflow_checks_toml,
                 overflow_checks_std: overflow_checks_std_toml,
                 debug_logging: debug_logging_toml,
@@ -1734,8 +1736,8 @@ impl Config {
                 config.download_ci_rustc_commit(download_rustc, config.llvm_assertions);
 
             debug = debug_toml;
-            debug_assertions = debug_assertions_toml;
-            debug_assertions_std = debug_assertions_std_toml;
+            rustc_debug_assertions = rustc_debug_assertions_toml;
+            std_debug_assertions = std_debug_assertions_toml;
             overflow_checks = overflow_checks_toml;
             overflow_checks_std = overflow_checks_std_toml;
             debug_logging = debug_logging_toml;
@@ -2148,14 +2150,13 @@ impl Config {
         config.rust_std_features = std_features.unwrap_or(default_std_features);
 
         let default = debug == Some(true);
-        config.rust_debug_assertions = debug_assertions.unwrap_or(default);
-        config.rust_debug_assertions_std =
-            debug_assertions_std.unwrap_or(config.rust_debug_assertions);
+        config.rustc_debug_assertions = rustc_debug_assertions.unwrap_or(default);
+        config.std_debug_assertions = std_debug_assertions.unwrap_or(config.rustc_debug_assertions);
         config.rust_overflow_checks = overflow_checks.unwrap_or(default);
         config.rust_overflow_checks_std =
             overflow_checks_std.unwrap_or(config.rust_overflow_checks);
 
-        config.rust_debug_logging = debug_logging.unwrap_or(config.rust_debug_assertions);
+        config.rust_debug_logging = debug_logging.unwrap_or(config.rustc_debug_assertions);
 
         let with_defaults = |debuginfo_level_specific: Option<_>| {
             debuginfo_level_specific.or(debuginfo_level).unwrap_or(if debug == Some(true) {
@@ -3075,8 +3076,8 @@ fn check_incompatible_options_for_ci_rustc(
         debug: _,
         codegen_units: _,
         codegen_units_std: _,
-        debug_assertions: _,
-        debug_assertions_std: _,
+        rustc_debug_assertions: _,
+        std_debug_assertions: _,
         overflow_checks: _,
         overflow_checks_std: _,
         debuginfo_level: _,