diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/cast.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/cast.rs
index 70b49fea34f1c..e2e366c82c0ae 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/cast.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/cast.rs
@@ -42,7 +42,6 @@ use rustc_middle::ty::error::TypeError;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeAndMut, TypeVisitableExt, VariantDef};
 use rustc_middle::{bug, span_bug};
 use rustc_session::lint;
-use rustc_span::def_id::LOCAL_CRATE;
 use rustc_span::{DUMMY_SP, Span, sym};
 use rustc_trait_selection::infer::InferCtxtExt;
 use rustc_type_ir::elaborate;
@@ -789,7 +788,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> CastCheck<'tcx> {
             _ => return Err(CastError::NonScalar),
         };
         if let ty::Adt(adt_def, _) = *self.expr_ty.kind()
-            && adt_def.did().krate != LOCAL_CRATE
+            && !adt_def.did().is_local()
             && adt_def.variants().iter().any(VariantDef::is_field_list_non_exhaustive)
         {
             return Err(CastError::ForeignNonExhaustiveAdt);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs
index 2a89a03e0aa49..f771c938f5ddd 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr.rs
@@ -1966,7 +1966,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
 
         // Prohibit struct expressions when non-exhaustive flag is set.
         let adt = adt_ty.ty_adt_def().expect("`check_struct_path` returned non-ADT type");
-        if !adt.did().is_local() && variant.is_field_list_non_exhaustive() {
+        if variant.field_list_has_applicable_non_exhaustive() {
             self.dcx()
                 .emit_err(StructExprNonExhaustive { span: expr.span, what: adt.variant_descr() });
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr_use_visitor.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr_use_visitor.rs
index c0617119d67c7..f16d258e982f6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr_use_visitor.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/expr_use_visitor.rs
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ use rustc_middle::hir::place::ProjectionKind;
 pub use rustc_middle::hir::place::{Place, PlaceBase, PlaceWithHirId, Projection};
 use rustc_middle::mir::FakeReadCause;
 use rustc_middle::ty::{
-    self, AdtKind, BorrowKind, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable, TypeVisitableExt as _, adjustment,
+    self, BorrowKind, Ty, TyCtxt, TypeFoldable, TypeVisitableExt as _, adjustment,
 };
 use rustc_middle::{bug, span_bug};
 use rustc_span::{ErrorGuaranteed, Span};
@@ -1834,14 +1834,7 @@ impl<'tcx, Cx: TypeInformationCtxt<'tcx>, D: Delegate<'tcx>> ExprUseVisitor<'tcx
             // to assume that more cases will be added to the variant in the future. This mean
             // that we should handle non-exhaustive SingleVariant the same way we would handle
             // a MultiVariant.
-            // If the variant is not local it must be defined in another crate.
-            let is_non_exhaustive = match def.adt_kind() {
-                AdtKind::Struct | AdtKind::Union => {
-                    def.non_enum_variant().is_field_list_non_exhaustive()
-                }
-                AdtKind::Enum => def.is_variant_list_non_exhaustive(),
-            };
-            def.variants().len() > 1 || (!def.did().is_local() && is_non_exhaustive)
+            def.variants().len() > 1 || def.variant_list_has_applicable_non_exhaustive()
         } else {
             false
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/pat.rs b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/pat.rs
index 19ae3e3899c93..f493ae6a8f82e 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/pat.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_hir_typeck/src/pat.rs
@@ -1722,7 +1722,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> FnCtxt<'a, 'tcx> {
         };
 
         // Require `..` if struct has non_exhaustive attribute.
-        let non_exhaustive = variant.is_field_list_non_exhaustive() && !adt.did().is_local();
+        let non_exhaustive = variant.field_list_has_applicable_non_exhaustive();
         if non_exhaustive && !has_rest_pat {
             self.error_foreign_non_exhaustive_spat(pat, adt.variant_descr(), fields.is_empty());
         }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs
index fcadbfc3c4a7e..31098bf443ac9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types.rs
@@ -1193,9 +1193,7 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ImproperCTypesVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
                             };
                         }
 
-                        let is_non_exhaustive =
-                            def.non_enum_variant().is_field_list_non_exhaustive();
-                        if is_non_exhaustive && !def.did().is_local() {
+                        if def.non_enum_variant().field_list_has_applicable_non_exhaustive() {
                             return FfiUnsafe {
                                 ty,
                                 reason: if def.is_struct() {
@@ -1248,14 +1246,12 @@ impl<'a, 'tcx> ImproperCTypesVisitor<'a, 'tcx> {
                             };
                         }
 
-                        use improper_ctypes::{
-                            check_non_exhaustive_variant, non_local_and_non_exhaustive,
-                        };
+                        use improper_ctypes::check_non_exhaustive_variant;
 
-                        let non_local_def = non_local_and_non_exhaustive(def);
+                        let non_exhaustive = def.variant_list_has_applicable_non_exhaustive();
                         // Check the contained variants.
                         let ret = def.variants().iter().try_for_each(|variant| {
-                            check_non_exhaustive_variant(non_local_def, variant)
+                            check_non_exhaustive_variant(non_exhaustive, variant)
                                 .map_break(|reason| FfiUnsafe { ty, reason, help: None })?;
 
                             match self.check_variant_for_ffi(acc, ty, def, variant, args) {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types/improper_ctypes.rs b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types/improper_ctypes.rs
index 1030101c545da..13afa540afcf6 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types/improper_ctypes.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_lint/src/types/improper_ctypes.rs
@@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ use crate::fluent_generated as fluent;
 /// so we don't need the lint to account for it.
 /// e.g. going from enum Foo { A, B, C } to enum Foo { A, B, C, D(u32) }.
 pub(crate) fn check_non_exhaustive_variant(
-    non_local_def: bool,
+    non_exhaustive_variant_list: bool,
     variant: &ty::VariantDef,
 ) -> ControlFlow<DiagMessage, ()> {
     // non_exhaustive suggests it is possible that someone might break ABI
     // see: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/44109#issuecomment-537583344
     // so warn on complex enums being used outside their crate
-    if non_local_def {
+    if non_exhaustive_variant_list {
         // which is why we only warn about really_tagged_union reprs from https://rust.tf/rfc2195
         // with an enum like `#[repr(u8)] enum Enum { A(DataA), B(DataB), }`
         // but exempt enums with unit ctors like C's (e.g. from rust-bindgen)
@@ -30,8 +30,7 @@ pub(crate) fn check_non_exhaustive_variant(
         }
     }
 
-    let non_exhaustive_variant_fields = variant.is_field_list_non_exhaustive();
-    if non_exhaustive_variant_fields && !variant.def_id.is_local() {
+    if variant.field_list_has_applicable_non_exhaustive() {
         return ControlFlow::Break(fluent::lint_improper_ctypes_non_exhaustive_variant);
     }
 
@@ -42,10 +41,3 @@ fn variant_has_complex_ctor(variant: &ty::VariantDef) -> bool {
     // CtorKind::Const means a "unit" ctor
     !matches!(variant.ctor_kind(), Some(CtorKind::Const))
 }
-
-// non_exhaustive suggests it is possible that someone might break ABI
-// see: https://github.com/rust-lang/rust/issues/44109#issuecomment-537583344
-// so warn on complex enums being used outside their crate
-pub(crate) fn non_local_and_non_exhaustive(def: ty::AdtDef<'_>) -> bool {
-    def.is_variant_list_non_exhaustive() && !def.did().is_local()
-}
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/adt.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/adt.rs
index 3585f28b4a550..fc48f68804988 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/adt.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/adt.rs
@@ -329,11 +329,22 @@ impl<'tcx> AdtDef<'tcx> {
     }
 
     /// Returns `true` if the variant list of this ADT is `#[non_exhaustive]`.
+    ///
+    /// Note that this function will return `true` even if the ADT has been
+    /// defined in the crate currently being compiled. If that's not what you
+    /// want, see [`Self::variant_list_has_applicable_non_exhaustive`].
     #[inline]
     pub fn is_variant_list_non_exhaustive(self) -> bool {
         self.flags().contains(AdtFlags::IS_VARIANT_LIST_NON_EXHAUSTIVE)
     }
 
+    /// Returns `true` if the variant list of this ADT is `#[non_exhaustive]`
+    /// and has been defined in another crate.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn variant_list_has_applicable_non_exhaustive(self) -> bool {
+        self.is_variant_list_non_exhaustive() && !self.did().is_local()
+    }
+
     /// Returns the kind of the ADT.
     #[inline]
     pub fn adt_kind(self) -> AdtKind {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/inhabitedness/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/inhabitedness/mod.rs
index 4a5f6d80f24c4..855e5043e84a2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/inhabitedness/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/inhabitedness/mod.rs
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ impl<'tcx> Ty<'tcx> {
             // For now, unions are always considered inhabited
             Adt(adt, _) if adt.is_union() => InhabitedPredicate::True,
             // Non-exhaustive ADTs from other crates are always considered inhabited
-            Adt(adt, _) if adt.is_variant_list_non_exhaustive() && !adt.did().is_local() => {
+            Adt(adt, _) if adt.variant_list_has_applicable_non_exhaustive() => {
                 InhabitedPredicate::True
             }
             Never => InhabitedPredicate::False,
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs
index 527509af05fc7..7b8f74e8a397f 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_middle/src/ty/mod.rs
@@ -1206,12 +1206,23 @@ impl VariantDef {
         }
     }
 
-    /// Is this field list non-exhaustive?
+    /// Returns `true` if the field list of this variant is `#[non_exhaustive]`.
+    ///
+    /// Note that this function will return `true` even if the type has been
+    /// defined in the crate currently being compiled. If that's not what you
+    /// want, see [`Self::field_list_has_applicable_non_exhaustive`].
     #[inline]
     pub fn is_field_list_non_exhaustive(&self) -> bool {
         self.flags.intersects(VariantFlags::IS_FIELD_LIST_NON_EXHAUSTIVE)
     }
 
+    /// Returns `true` if the field list of this variant is `#[non_exhaustive]`
+    /// and the type has been defined in another crate.
+    #[inline]
+    pub fn field_list_has_applicable_non_exhaustive(&self) -> bool {
+        self.is_field_list_non_exhaustive() && !self.def_id.is_local()
+    }
+
     /// Computes the `Ident` of this variant by looking up the `Span`
     pub fn ident(&self, tcx: TyCtxt<'_>) -> Ident {
         Ident::new(self.name, tcx.def_ident_span(self.def_id).unwrap())
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/matches/match_pair.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/matches/match_pair.rs
index c6f3e22e95f6f..f2ce0c46dd33d 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/matches/match_pair.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/builder/matches/match_pair.rs
@@ -273,12 +273,12 @@ impl<'tcx> MatchPairTree<'tcx> {
 
                 let irrefutable = adt_def.variants().iter_enumerated().all(|(i, v)| {
                     i == variant_index
-                        || !v
-                            .inhabited_predicate(cx.tcx, adt_def)
-                            .instantiate(cx.tcx, args)
-                            .apply_ignore_module(cx.tcx, cx.infcx.typing_env(cx.param_env))
-                }) && (adt_def.did().is_local()
-                    || !adt_def.is_variant_list_non_exhaustive());
+                        || !v.inhabited_predicate(cx.tcx, adt_def).instantiate(cx.tcx, args).apply(
+                            cx.tcx,
+                            cx.infcx.typing_env(cx.param_env),
+                            cx.def_id.into(),
+                        )
+                }) && !adt_def.variant_list_has_applicable_non_exhaustive();
                 if irrefutable { None } else { Some(TestCase::Variant { adt_def, variant_index }) }
             }
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/errors.rs b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/errors.rs
index 17b22f25dbb0a..0e16f871b16f9 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/errors.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_mir_build/src/errors.rs
@@ -613,9 +613,9 @@ impl<'a, G: EmissionGuarantee> Diagnostic<'a, G> for NonExhaustivePatternsTypeNo
             diag.span_note(span, fluent::mir_build_def_note);
         }
 
-        let is_variant_list_non_exhaustive = matches!(self.ty.kind(),
-            ty::Adt(def, _) if def.is_variant_list_non_exhaustive() && !def.did().is_local());
-        if is_variant_list_non_exhaustive {
+        let is_non_exhaustive = matches!(self.ty.kind(),
+            ty::Adt(def, _) if def.variant_list_has_applicable_non_exhaustive());
+        if is_non_exhaustive {
             diag.note(fluent::mir_build_non_exhaustive_type_note);
         } else {
             diag.note(fluent::mir_build_type_note);
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_pattern_analysis/src/rustc.rs b/compiler/rustc_pattern_analysis/src/rustc.rs
index 88194c737a6cc..fec525c9e8cd2 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_pattern_analysis/src/rustc.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_pattern_analysis/src/rustc.rs
@@ -150,9 +150,7 @@ impl<'p, 'tcx: 'p> RustcPatCtxt<'p, 'tcx> {
     /// Returns whether the given type is an enum from another crate declared `#[non_exhaustive]`.
     pub fn is_foreign_non_exhaustive_enum(&self, ty: RevealedTy<'tcx>) -> bool {
         match ty.kind() {
-            ty::Adt(def, ..) => {
-                def.is_enum() && def.is_variant_list_non_exhaustive() && !def.did().is_local()
-            }
+            ty::Adt(def, ..) => def.variant_list_has_applicable_non_exhaustive(),
             _ => false,
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/default.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/default.rs
index ffdd946aadb8b..886c325b355fe 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/default.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/default.rs
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for Default {
                 && let ty::Adt(adt, args) = *binding_type.kind()
                 && adt.is_struct()
                 && let variant = adt.non_enum_variant()
-                && (adt.did().is_local() || !variant.is_field_list_non_exhaustive())
+                && !variant.field_list_has_applicable_non_exhaustive()
                 && let module_did = cx.tcx.parent_module(stmt.hir_id)
                 && variant
                     .fields
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/needless_update.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/needless_update.rs
index 0cba72bd2c6a9..cce0617ba3925 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/needless_update.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/needless_update.rs
@@ -54,8 +54,9 @@ impl<'tcx> LateLintPass<'tcx> for NeedlessUpdate {
         if let ExprKind::Struct(_, fields, StructTailExpr::Base(base)) = expr.kind {
             let ty = cx.typeck_results().expr_ty(expr);
             if let ty::Adt(def, _) = ty.kind() {
-                if fields.len() == def.non_enum_variant().fields.len()
-                    && !def.variant(0_usize.into()).is_field_list_non_exhaustive()
+                let variant = def.non_enum_variant();
+                if fields.len() == variant.fields.len()
+                    && !variant.is_field_list_non_exhaustive()
                 {
                     span_lint(
                         cx,
diff --git a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/unneeded_struct_pattern.rs b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/unneeded_struct_pattern.rs
index a74eab8b6ae50..3326dea8c5dfa 100644
--- a/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/unneeded_struct_pattern.rs
+++ b/src/tools/clippy/clippy_lints/src/unneeded_struct_pattern.rs
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ impl LateLintPass<'_> for UnneededStructPattern {
             let variant = cx.tcx.adt_def(enum_did).variant_with_id(did);
 
             let has_only_fields_brackets = variant.ctor.is_some() && variant.fields.is_empty();
-            let non_exhaustive_activated = !variant.def_id.is_local() && variant.is_field_list_non_exhaustive();
+            let non_exhaustive_activated = variant.field_list_has_applicable_non_exhaustive();
             if !has_only_fields_brackets || non_exhaustive_activated {
                 return;
             }
diff --git a/tests/ui/match/privately-uninhabited-issue-137999.rs b/tests/ui/match/privately-uninhabited-issue-137999.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..918393a0c6acf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/match/privately-uninhabited-issue-137999.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+//@ edition:2024
+//@ check-fail
+
+mod m {
+    enum Void {}
+
+    pub struct Internal {
+        _v: Void,
+    }
+
+    pub enum Test {
+        A(u32, u32),
+        B(Internal),
+    }
+}
+
+use m::Test;
+
+pub fn f1(x: &mut Test) {
+    let r1: &mut u32 = match x {
+        Test::A(a, _) => a,
+        _ => todo!(),
+    };
+
+    let r2: &mut u32 = match x { //~ ERROR cannot use `*x` because it was mutably borrowed
+        Test::A(_, b) => b,
+        _ => todo!(),
+    };
+
+    let _ = *r1;
+    let _ = *r2;
+}
+
+pub fn f2(x: &mut Test) {
+    let r = &mut *x;
+    match x { //~ ERROR cannot use `*x` because it was mutably borrowed
+        Test::A(_, _) => {}
+        _ => {}
+    }
+
+    let _ = r;
+}
+
+fn main() {}
diff --git a/tests/ui/match/privately-uninhabited-issue-137999.stderr b/tests/ui/match/privately-uninhabited-issue-137999.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..6f74a75375e32
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/match/privately-uninhabited-issue-137999.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+error[E0503]: cannot use `*x` because it was mutably borrowed
+  --> $DIR/privately-uninhabited-issue-137999.rs:25:30
+   |
+LL |         Test::A(a, _) => a,
+   |                 - `x.0` is borrowed here
+...
+LL |     let r2: &mut u32 = match x {
+   |                              ^ use of borrowed `x.0`
+...
+LL |     let _ = *r1;
+   |             --- borrow later used here
+
+error[E0503]: cannot use `*x` because it was mutably borrowed
+  --> $DIR/privately-uninhabited-issue-137999.rs:36:11
+   |
+LL |     let r = &mut *x;
+   |             ------- `*x` is borrowed here
+LL |     match x {
+   |           ^ use of borrowed `*x`
+...
+LL |     let _ = r;
+   |             - borrow later used here
+
+error: aborting due to 2 previous errors
+
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0503`.