diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/token.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/token.rs
index 9b4535dcfbceb..fc816f2cb7922 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/token.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/token.rs
@@ -893,7 +893,7 @@ impl Token {
             || self.is_qpath_start()
             || matches!(self.is_metavar_seq(), Some(MetaVarKind::Path))
             || self.is_path_segment_keyword()
-            || self.is_ident() && !self.is_reserved_ident()
+            || self.is_non_reserved_ident()
     }
 
     /// Returns `true` if the token is a given keyword, `kw`.
@@ -937,6 +937,10 @@ impl Token {
         self.is_non_raw_ident_where(Ident::is_reserved)
     }
 
+    pub fn is_non_reserved_ident(&self) -> bool {
+        self.ident().is_some_and(|(id, raw)| raw == IdentIsRaw::Yes || !Ident::is_reserved(id))
+    }
+
     /// Returns `true` if the token is the identifier `true` or `false`.
     pub fn is_bool_lit(&self) -> bool {
         self.is_non_raw_ident_where(|id| id.name.is_bool_lit())
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/tokenstream.rs b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/tokenstream.rs
index 3c231be20dce5..c60185cdde007 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_ast/src/tokenstream.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_ast/src/tokenstream.rs
@@ -634,10 +634,8 @@ impl TokenStream {
                     (
                         TokenTree::Token(token_left, Spacing::Alone),
                         TokenTree::Token(token_right, _),
-                    ) if ((token_left.is_ident() && !token_left.is_reserved_ident())
-                        || token_left.is_lit())
-                        && ((token_right.is_ident() && !token_right.is_reserved_ident())
-                            || token_right.is_lit()) =>
+                    ) if (token_left.is_non_reserved_ident() || token_left.is_lit())
+                        && (token_right.is_non_reserved_ident() || token_right.is_lit()) =>
                     {
                         token_left.span
                     }
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/diagnostics.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/diagnostics.rs
index a64bb4241173d..1df0ccbd8af76 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/diagnostics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/diagnostics.rs
@@ -2731,7 +2731,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             return first_pat;
         }
         if !matches!(first_pat.kind, PatKind::Ident(_, _, None) | PatKind::Path(..))
-            || !self.look_ahead(1, |token| token.is_ident() && !token.is_reserved_ident())
+            || !self.look_ahead(1, |token| token.is_non_reserved_ident())
         {
             let mut snapshot_type = self.create_snapshot_for_diagnostic();
             snapshot_type.bump(); // `:`
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs
index 4e312aab4976b..3cedc86dc0dbe 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/expr.rs
@@ -3875,8 +3875,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             // Check if a colon exists one ahead. This means we're parsing a fieldname.
             let is_shorthand = !this.look_ahead(1, |t| t == &token::Colon || t == &token::Eq);
             // Proactively check whether parsing the field will be incorrect.
-            let is_wrong = this.token.is_ident()
-                && !this.token.is_reserved_ident()
+            let is_wrong = this.token.is_non_reserved_ident()
                 && !this.look_ahead(1, |t| {
                     t == &token::Colon
                         || t == &token::Eq
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/generics.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/generics.rs
index c05479feb611f..af1d1a1ec6697 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/generics.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/generics.rs
@@ -353,6 +353,20 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         if !self.eat_keyword(exp!(Where)) {
             return Ok((where_clause, None));
         }
+
+        if self.eat_noexpect(&token::Colon) {
+            let colon_span = self.prev_token.span;
+            self.dcx()
+                .struct_span_err(colon_span, "unexpected colon after `where`")
+                .with_span_suggestion_short(
+                    colon_span,
+                    "remove the colon",
+                    "",
+                    Applicability::MachineApplicable,
+                )
+                .emit();
+        }
+
         where_clause.has_where_token = true;
         let where_lo = self.prev_token.span;
 
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/item.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/item.rs
index 5088caa80f88f..9ed7124a11c38 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/item.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/item.rs
@@ -1552,7 +1552,8 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
             })
             .map_err(|mut err| {
                 err.span_label(ident.span, "while parsing this enum");
-                if self.token == token::Colon {
+                // Try to recover `enum Foo { ident : Ty }`.
+                if self.prev_token.is_non_reserved_ident() && self.token == token::Colon {
                     let snapshot = self.create_snapshot_for_diagnostic();
                     self.bump();
                     match self.parse_ty() {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
index b2e902513672d..cfc0399b0ca96 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/mod.rs
@@ -685,7 +685,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
 
     /// Is the given keyword `kw` followed by a non-reserved identifier?
     fn is_kw_followed_by_ident(&self, kw: Symbol) -> bool {
-        self.token.is_keyword(kw) && self.look_ahead(1, |t| t.is_ident() && !t.is_reserved_ident())
+        self.token.is_keyword(kw) && self.look_ahead(1, |t| t.is_non_reserved_ident())
     }
 
     #[inline]
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/path.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/path.rs
index 9bce2fa74caa2..1f4049f197fa8 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/path.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/path.rs
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
     /// ```
     fn recover_colon_before_qpath_proj(&mut self) -> bool {
         if !self.check_noexpect(&TokenKind::Colon)
-            || self.look_ahead(1, |t| !t.is_ident() || t.is_reserved_ident())
+            || self.look_ahead(1, |t| !t.is_non_reserved_ident())
         {
             return false;
         }
@@ -260,7 +260,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                 if self.may_recover()
                     && style == PathStyle::Expr // (!)
                     && self.token == token::Colon
-                    && self.look_ahead(1, |token| token.is_ident() && !token.is_reserved_ident())
+                    && self.look_ahead(1, |token| token.is_non_reserved_ident())
                 {
                     // Emit a special error message for `a::b:c` to help users
                     // otherwise, `a: c` might have meant to introduce a new binding
@@ -334,9 +334,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
                     self.expect_gt().map_err(|mut err| {
                         // Try to recover a `:` into a `::`
                         if self.token == token::Colon
-                            && self.look_ahead(1, |token| {
-                                token.is_ident() && !token.is_reserved_ident()
-                            })
+                            && self.look_ahead(1, |token| token.is_non_reserved_ident())
                         {
                             err.cancel();
                             err = self.dcx().create_err(PathSingleColon {
diff --git a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs
index c37cb0881c3f1..2fa6520f2a42a 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_parse/src/parser/stmt.rs
@@ -798,7 +798,7 @@ impl<'a> Parser<'a> {
         }
         if self.prev_token.is_reserved_ident() && self.prev_token.is_ident_named(kw::Await) {
             // Likely `foo.await bar`
-        } else if !self.prev_token.is_reserved_ident() && self.prev_token.is_ident() {
+        } else if self.prev_token.is_non_reserved_ident() {
             // Likely `foo bar`
         } else if self.prev_token.kind == token::Question {
             // `foo? bar`
diff --git a/tests/ui/structs-enums/recover-enum-with-bad-where.rs b/tests/ui/structs-enums/recover-enum-with-bad-where.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..cf7747d710b59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/structs-enums/recover-enum-with-bad-where.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+pub enum Foo<T>
+where:
+//~^ ERROR unexpected colon after `where`
+    T: Missing, {}
+//~^ ERROR cannot find trait `Missing` in this scope
+// (evidence that we continue parsing after the erroneous colon)
+
+fn main() {}
diff --git a/tests/ui/structs-enums/recover-enum-with-bad-where.stderr b/tests/ui/structs-enums/recover-enum-with-bad-where.stderr
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..30b73f59e8c01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/structs-enums/recover-enum-with-bad-where.stderr
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+error: unexpected colon after `where`
+  --> $DIR/recover-enum-with-bad-where.rs:2:6
+   |
+LL | where:
+   |      ^ help: remove the colon
+
+error[E0405]: cannot find trait `Missing` in this scope
+  --> $DIR/recover-enum-with-bad-where.rs:4:8
+   |
+LL |     T: Missing, {}
+   |        ^^^^^^^ not found in this scope
+
+error: aborting due to 2 previous errors
+
+For more information about this error, try `rustc --explain E0405`.