From 04b1111ae8dd97f3cf558654015b8101d270c634 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicholas Nethercote <nnethercote@mozilla.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Sep 2019 11:49:15 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 01/11] Name index variables consistently.

Those with type `usize` are now called `i`, those with type `NodeIndex`
are called `index`.
---
 .../obligation_forest/mod.rs                  | 97 +++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 47 insertions(+), 50 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
index 6c52e626ababd..7ef1953e2d812 100644
--- a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
@@ -295,14 +295,15 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
                 debug!("register_obligation_at({:?}, {:?}) - duplicate of {:?}!",
                        obligation, parent, o.get());
                 let node = &mut self.nodes[o.get().get()];
-                if let Some(parent) = parent {
+                if let Some(parent_index) = parent {
                     // If the node is already in `waiting_cache`, it's already
                     // been marked with a parent. (It's possible that parent
                     // has been cleared by `apply_rewrites`, though.) So just
                     // dump `parent` into `node.dependents`... unless it's
                     // already in `node.dependents` or `node.parent`.
-                    if !node.dependents.contains(&parent) && Some(parent) != node.parent {
-                        node.dependents.push(parent);
+                    if !node.dependents.contains(&parent_index) &&
+                       Some(parent_index) != node.parent {
+                        node.dependents.push(parent_index);
                     }
                 }
                 if let NodeState::Error = node.state.get() {
@@ -316,9 +317,8 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
                        obligation, parent, self.nodes.len());
 
                 let obligation_tree_id = match parent {
-                    Some(p) => {
-                        let parent_node = &self.nodes[p.get()];
-                        parent_node.obligation_tree_id
+                    Some(parent_index) => {
+                        self.nodes[parent_index.get()].obligation_tree_id
                     }
                     None => self.obligation_tree_id_generator.next().unwrap()
                 };
@@ -346,9 +346,9 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
     /// This cannot be done during a snapshot.
     pub fn to_errors<E: Clone>(&mut self, error: E) -> Vec<Error<O, E>> {
         let mut errors = vec![];
-        for index in 0..self.nodes.len() {
-            if let NodeState::Pending = self.nodes[index].state.get() {
-                let backtrace = self.error_at(index);
+        for i in 0..self.nodes.len() {
+            if let NodeState::Pending = self.nodes[i].state.get() {
+                let backtrace = self.error_at(i);
                 errors.push(Error {
                     error: error.clone(),
                     backtrace,
@@ -393,16 +393,16 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
         let mut errors = vec![];
         let mut stalled = true;
 
-        for index in 0..self.nodes.len() {
-            debug!("process_obligations: node {} == {:?}", index, self.nodes[index]);
+        for i in 0..self.nodes.len() {
+            debug!("process_obligations: node {} == {:?}", i, self.nodes[i]);
 
-            let result = match self.nodes[index] {
+            let result = match self.nodes[i] {
                 Node { ref state, ref mut obligation, .. } if state.get() == NodeState::Pending =>
                     processor.process_obligation(obligation),
                 _ => continue
             };
 
-            debug!("process_obligations: node {} got result {:?}", index, result);
+            debug!("process_obligations: node {} got result {:?}", i, result);
 
             match result {
                 ProcessResult::Unchanged => {
@@ -411,23 +411,23 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
                 ProcessResult::Changed(children) => {
                     // We are not (yet) stalled.
                     stalled = false;
-                    self.nodes[index].state.set(NodeState::Success);
+                    self.nodes[i].state.set(NodeState::Success);
 
                     for child in children {
                         let st = self.register_obligation_at(
                             child,
-                            Some(NodeIndex::new(index))
+                            Some(NodeIndex::new(i))
                         );
                         if let Err(()) = st {
                             // error already reported - propagate it
                             // to our node.
-                            self.error_at(index);
+                            self.error_at(i);
                         }
                     }
                 }
                 ProcessResult::Error(err) => {
                     stalled = false;
-                    let backtrace = self.error_at(index);
+                    let backtrace = self.error_at(i);
                     errors.push(Error {
                         error: err,
                         backtrace,
@@ -473,15 +473,15 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
 
         debug!("process_cycles()");
 
-        for index in 0..self.nodes.len() {
+        for i in 0..self.nodes.len() {
             // For rustc-benchmarks/inflate-0.1.0 this state test is extremely
             // hot and the state is almost always `Pending` or `Waiting`. It's
             // a win to handle the no-op cases immediately to avoid the cost of
             // the function call.
-            let state = self.nodes[index].state.get();
+            let state = self.nodes[i].state.get();
             match state {
                 NodeState::Waiting | NodeState::Pending | NodeState::Done | NodeState::Error => {},
-                _ => self.find_cycles_from_node(&mut stack, processor, index),
+                _ => self.find_cycles_from_node(&mut stack, processor, i),
             }
         }
 
@@ -491,24 +491,22 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
         self.scratch = Some(stack);
     }
 
-    fn find_cycles_from_node<P>(&self, stack: &mut Vec<usize>,
-                                processor: &mut P, index: usize)
+    fn find_cycles_from_node<P>(&self, stack: &mut Vec<usize>, processor: &mut P, i: usize)
         where P: ObligationProcessor<Obligation=O>
     {
-        let node = &self.nodes[index];
+        let node = &self.nodes[i];
         let state = node.state.get();
         match state {
             NodeState::OnDfsStack => {
-                let index =
-                    stack.iter().rposition(|n| *n == index).unwrap();
-                processor.process_backedge(stack[index..].iter().map(GetObligation(&self.nodes)),
+                let i = stack.iter().rposition(|n| *n == i).unwrap();
+                processor.process_backedge(stack[i..].iter().map(GetObligation(&self.nodes)),
                                            PhantomData);
             }
             NodeState::Success => {
                 node.state.set(NodeState::OnDfsStack);
-                stack.push(index);
-                for dependent in node.parent.iter().chain(node.dependents.iter()) {
-                    self.find_cycles_from_node(stack, processor, dependent.get());
+                stack.push(i);
+                for index in node.parent.iter().chain(node.dependents.iter()) {
+                    self.find_cycles_from_node(stack, processor, index.get());
                 }
                 stack.pop();
                 node.state.set(NodeState::Done);
@@ -525,33 +523,32 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
 
     /// Returns a vector of obligations for `p` and all of its
     /// ancestors, putting them into the error state in the process.
-    fn error_at(&mut self, p: usize) -> Vec<O> {
+    fn error_at(&mut self, mut i: usize) -> Vec<O> {
         let mut error_stack = self.scratch.take().unwrap();
         let mut trace = vec![];
 
-        let mut n = p;
         loop {
-            self.nodes[n].state.set(NodeState::Error);
-            trace.push(self.nodes[n].obligation.clone());
-            error_stack.extend(self.nodes[n].dependents.iter().map(|x| x.get()));
+            let node = &self.nodes[i];
+            node.state.set(NodeState::Error);
+            trace.push(node.obligation.clone());
+            error_stack.extend(node.dependents.iter().map(|index| index.get()));
 
-            // loop to the parent
-            match self.nodes[n].parent {
-                Some(q) => n = q.get(),
+            // Loop to the parent.
+            match node.parent {
+                Some(parent_index) => i = parent_index.get(),
                 None => break
             }
         }
 
         while let Some(i) = error_stack.pop() {
-            match self.nodes[i].state.get() {
+            let node = &self.nodes[i];
+            match node.state.get() {
                 NodeState::Error => continue,
                 _ => self.nodes[i].state.set(NodeState::Error),
             }
 
-            let node = &self.nodes[i];
-
             error_stack.extend(
-                node.parent.iter().chain(node.dependents.iter()).map(|x| x.get())
+                node.parent.iter().chain(node.dependents.iter()).map(|index| index.get())
             );
         }
 
@@ -689,22 +686,22 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
 
         for node in &mut self.nodes {
             if let Some(index) = node.parent {
-                let new_index = node_rewrites[index.get()];
-                if new_index >= nodes_len {
+                let new_i = node_rewrites[index.get()];
+                if new_i >= nodes_len {
                     // parent dead due to error
                     node.parent = None;
                 } else {
-                    node.parent = Some(NodeIndex::new(new_index));
+                    node.parent = Some(NodeIndex::new(new_i));
                 }
             }
 
             let mut i = 0;
             while i < node.dependents.len() {
-                let new_index = node_rewrites[node.dependents[i].get()];
-                if new_index >= nodes_len {
+                let new_i = node_rewrites[node.dependents[i].get()];
+                if new_i >= nodes_len {
                     node.dependents.swap_remove(i);
                 } else {
-                    node.dependents[i] = NodeIndex::new(new_index);
+                    node.dependents[i] = NodeIndex::new(new_i);
                     i += 1;
                 }
             }
@@ -712,11 +709,11 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
 
         let mut kill_list = vec![];
         for (predicate, index) in &mut self.waiting_cache {
-            let new_index = node_rewrites[index.get()];
-            if new_index >= nodes_len {
+            let new_i = node_rewrites[index.get()];
+            if new_i >= nodes_len {
                 kill_list.push(predicate.clone());
             } else {
-                *index = NodeIndex::new(new_index);
+                *index = NodeIndex::new(new_i);
             }
         }
 

From 43c0d2ce8eae322e0b1ffe945e356e30c808dbb3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicholas Nethercote <nnethercote@mozilla.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Sep 2019 11:53:12 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 02/11] Redefine `NodeIndex` as a `newtype_index!`.

This commit removes the custom index implementation of `NodeIndex`,
which probably predates `newtype_index!`.

As well as eliminating code, it improves the debugging experience,
because the custom implementation had the property of being incremented
by 1 (so it could use `NonZeroU32`), which was incredibly confusing if
you didn't expect it.

For some reason, I also had to remove an `unsafe` block marker from
`from_u32_unchecked()` that the compiler said was now unnecessary.
---
 src/librustc_data_structures/indexed_vec.rs   |  2 +-
 .../obligation_forest/graphviz.rs             |  6 +--
 .../obligation_forest/mod.rs                  | 49 ++++++++++++-------
 .../obligation_forest/node_index.rs           | 20 --------
 4 files changed, 35 insertions(+), 42 deletions(-)
 delete mode 100644 src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/node_index.rs

diff --git a/src/librustc_data_structures/indexed_vec.rs b/src/librustc_data_structures/indexed_vec.rs
index 6f40d059be27f..6e80b48a68560 100644
--- a/src/librustc_data_structures/indexed_vec.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_data_structures/indexed_vec.rs
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ macro_rules! newtype_index {
 
             #[inline]
             $v const unsafe fn from_u32_unchecked(value: u32) -> Self {
-                unsafe { $type { private: value } }
+                $type { private: value }
             }
 
             /// Extracts the value of this index as an integer.
diff --git a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/graphviz.rs b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/graphviz.rs
index a0363e165e049..b2120b182fa7b 100644
--- a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/graphviz.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/graphviz.rs
@@ -74,9 +74,9 @@ impl<'a, O: ForestObligation + 'a> dot::GraphWalk<'a> for &'a ObligationForest<O
             .flat_map(|i| {
                 let node = &self.nodes[i];
 
-                node.parent.iter().map(|p| p.get())
-                    .chain(node.dependents.iter().map(|p| p.get()))
-                    .map(move |p| (p, i))
+                node.parent.iter()
+                    .chain(node.dependents.iter())
+                    .map(move |p| (p.index(), i))
             })
             .collect()
     }
diff --git a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
index 7ef1953e2d812..cfc3b8194a65c 100644
--- a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
@@ -81,6 +81,8 @@
 //! nodes, which aren't needed anymore.
 
 use crate::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
+use crate::indexed_vec::Idx;
+use crate::newtype_index;
 
 use std::cell::Cell;
 use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
@@ -88,14 +90,15 @@ use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::hash;
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
-mod node_index;
-use self::node_index::NodeIndex;
-
 mod graphviz;
 
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests;
 
+newtype_index! {
+    pub struct NodeIndex { .. }
+}
+
 pub trait ForestObligation : Clone + Debug {
     type Predicate : Clone + hash::Hash + Eq + Debug;
 
@@ -151,6 +154,10 @@ pub struct ObligationForest<O: ForestObligation> {
     /// At all times we maintain the invariant that every node appears
     /// at a higher index than its parent. This is needed by the
     /// backtrace iterator (which uses `split_at`).
+    ///
+    /// Ideally, this would be an `IndexVec<NodeIndex, Node<O>>`. But that is
+    /// slower, because this vector is accessed so often that the
+    /// `u32`-to-`usize` conversions required for accesses are significant.
     nodes: Vec<Node<O>>,
 
     /// A cache of predicates that have been successfully completed.
@@ -178,13 +185,19 @@ struct Node<O> {
     obligation: O,
     state: Cell<NodeState>,
 
-    /// The parent of a node - the original obligation of
-    /// which it is a subobligation. Except for error reporting,
-    /// it is just like any member of `dependents`.
+    /// The parent of a node - the original obligation of which it is a
+    /// subobligation. Except for error reporting, it is just like any member
+    /// of `dependents`.
+    ///
+    /// Unlike `ObligationForest::nodes`, this uses `NodeIndex` rather than
+    /// `usize` for the index, because keeping the size down is more important
+    /// than the cost of converting to a `usize` for indexing.
     parent: Option<NodeIndex>,
 
-    /// Obligations that depend on this obligation for their
-    /// completion. They must all be in a non-pending state.
+    /// Obligations that depend on this obligation for their completion. They
+    /// must all be in a non-pending state.
+    ///
+    /// This uses `NodeIndex` for the same reason as `parent`.
     dependents: Vec<NodeIndex>,
 
     /// Identifier of the obligation tree to which this node belongs.
@@ -294,7 +307,7 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
             Entry::Occupied(o) => {
                 debug!("register_obligation_at({:?}, {:?}) - duplicate of {:?}!",
                        obligation, parent, o.get());
-                let node = &mut self.nodes[o.get().get()];
+                let node = &mut self.nodes[o.get().index()];
                 if let Some(parent_index) = parent {
                     // If the node is already in `waiting_cache`, it's already
                     // been marked with a parent. (It's possible that parent
@@ -318,7 +331,7 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
 
                 let obligation_tree_id = match parent {
                     Some(parent_index) => {
-                        self.nodes[parent_index.get()].obligation_tree_id
+                        self.nodes[parent_index.index()].obligation_tree_id
                     }
                     None => self.obligation_tree_id_generator.next().unwrap()
                 };
@@ -506,7 +519,7 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
                 node.state.set(NodeState::OnDfsStack);
                 stack.push(i);
                 for index in node.parent.iter().chain(node.dependents.iter()) {
-                    self.find_cycles_from_node(stack, processor, index.get());
+                    self.find_cycles_from_node(stack, processor, index.index());
                 }
                 stack.pop();
                 node.state.set(NodeState::Done);
@@ -531,11 +544,11 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
             let node = &self.nodes[i];
             node.state.set(NodeState::Error);
             trace.push(node.obligation.clone());
-            error_stack.extend(node.dependents.iter().map(|index| index.get()));
+            error_stack.extend(node.dependents.iter().map(|index| index.index()));
 
             // Loop to the parent.
             match node.parent {
-                Some(parent_index) => i = parent_index.get(),
+                Some(parent_index) => i = parent_index.index(),
                 None => break
             }
         }
@@ -548,7 +561,7 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
             }
 
             error_stack.extend(
-                node.parent.iter().chain(node.dependents.iter()).map(|index| index.get())
+                node.parent.iter().chain(node.dependents.iter()).map(|index| index.index())
             );
         }
 
@@ -560,7 +573,7 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
     #[inline(always)]
     fn inlined_mark_neighbors_as_waiting_from(&self, node: &Node<O>) {
         for dependent in node.parent.iter().chain(node.dependents.iter()) {
-            self.mark_as_waiting_from(&self.nodes[dependent.get()]);
+            self.mark_as_waiting_from(&self.nodes[dependent.index()]);
         }
     }
 
@@ -686,7 +699,7 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
 
         for node in &mut self.nodes {
             if let Some(index) = node.parent {
-                let new_i = node_rewrites[index.get()];
+                let new_i = node_rewrites[index.index()];
                 if new_i >= nodes_len {
                     // parent dead due to error
                     node.parent = None;
@@ -697,7 +710,7 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
 
             let mut i = 0;
             while i < node.dependents.len() {
-                let new_i = node_rewrites[node.dependents[i].get()];
+                let new_i = node_rewrites[node.dependents[i].index()];
                 if new_i >= nodes_len {
                     node.dependents.swap_remove(i);
                 } else {
@@ -709,7 +722,7 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
 
         let mut kill_list = vec![];
         for (predicate, index) in &mut self.waiting_cache {
-            let new_i = node_rewrites[index.get()];
+            let new_i = node_rewrites[index.index()];
             if new_i >= nodes_len {
                 kill_list.push(predicate.clone());
             } else {
diff --git a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/node_index.rs b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/node_index.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 69ea473e05461..0000000000000
--- a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/node_index.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-use std::num::NonZeroU32;
-use std::u32;
-
-#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
-pub struct NodeIndex {
-    index: NonZeroU32,
-}
-
-impl NodeIndex {
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn new(value: usize) -> NodeIndex {
-        assert!(value < (u32::MAX as usize));
-        NodeIndex { index: NonZeroU32::new((value as u32) + 1).unwrap() }
-    }
-
-    #[inline]
-    pub fn get(self) -> usize {
-        (self.index.get() - 1) as usize
-    }
-}

From 1936e44c13753cdd060c3a33c4a1cc27443d52fc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicholas Nethercote <nnethercote@mozilla.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Sep 2019 11:56:17 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 03/11] Factor out repeated `self.nodes[i]` expressions.

---
 .../obligation_forest/mod.rs                  | 29 +++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
index cfc3b8194a65c..595323da02fd1 100644
--- a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
@@ -386,7 +386,6 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
 
     fn insert_into_error_cache(&mut self, node_index: usize) {
         let node = &self.nodes[node_index];
-
         self.error_cache
             .entry(node.obligation_tree_id)
             .or_default()
@@ -407,11 +406,12 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
         let mut stalled = true;
 
         for i in 0..self.nodes.len() {
-            debug!("process_obligations: node {} == {:?}", i, self.nodes[i]);
+            let node = &mut self.nodes[i];
+
+            debug!("process_obligations: node {} == {:?}", i, node);
 
-            let result = match self.nodes[i] {
-                Node { ref state, ref mut obligation, .. } if state.get() == NodeState::Pending =>
-                    processor.process_obligation(obligation),
+            let result = match node.state.get() {
+                NodeState::Pending => processor.process_obligation(&mut node.obligation),
                 _ => continue
             };
 
@@ -424,7 +424,7 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
                 ProcessResult::Changed(children) => {
                     // We are not (yet) stalled.
                     stalled = false;
-                    self.nodes[i].state.set(NodeState::Success);
+                    node.state.set(NodeState::Success);
 
                     for child in children {
                         let st = self.register_obligation_at(
@@ -491,8 +491,7 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
             // hot and the state is almost always `Pending` or `Waiting`. It's
             // a win to handle the no-op cases immediately to avoid the cost of
             // the function call.
-            let state = self.nodes[i].state.get();
-            match state {
+            match self.nodes[i].state.get() {
                 NodeState::Waiting | NodeState::Pending | NodeState::Done | NodeState::Error => {},
                 _ => self.find_cycles_from_node(&mut stack, processor, i),
             }
@@ -508,8 +507,7 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
         where P: ObligationProcessor<Obligation=O>
     {
         let node = &self.nodes[i];
-        let state = node.state.get();
-        match state {
+        match node.state.get() {
             NodeState::OnDfsStack => {
                 let i = stack.iter().rposition(|n| *n == i).unwrap();
                 processor.process_backedge(stack[i..].iter().map(GetObligation(&self.nodes)),
@@ -557,7 +555,7 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
             let node = &self.nodes[i];
             match node.state.get() {
                 NodeState::Error => continue,
-                _ => self.nodes[i].state.set(NodeState::Error),
+                _ => node.state.set(NodeState::Error),
             }
 
             error_stack.extend(
@@ -630,7 +628,8 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
         //     self.nodes[i - dead_nodes..i] are all dead
         //     self.nodes[i..] are unchanged
         for i in 0..self.nodes.len() {
-            match self.nodes[i].state.get() {
+            let node = &self.nodes[i];
+            match node.state.get() {
                 NodeState::Pending | NodeState::Waiting => {
                     if dead_nodes > 0 {
                         self.nodes.swap(i, i - dead_nodes);
@@ -640,11 +639,11 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
                 NodeState::Done => {
                     // Avoid cloning the key (predicate) in case it exists in the waiting cache
                     if let Some((predicate, _)) = self.waiting_cache
-                        .remove_entry(self.nodes[i].obligation.as_predicate())
+                        .remove_entry(node.obligation.as_predicate())
                     {
                         self.done_cache.insert(predicate);
                     } else {
-                        self.done_cache.insert(self.nodes[i].obligation.as_predicate().clone());
+                        self.done_cache.insert(node.obligation.as_predicate().clone());
                     }
                     node_rewrites[i] = nodes_len;
                     dead_nodes += 1;
@@ -653,7 +652,7 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
                     // We *intentionally* remove the node from the cache at this point. Otherwise
                     // tests must come up with a different type on every type error they
                     // check against.
-                    self.waiting_cache.remove(self.nodes[i].obligation.as_predicate());
+                    self.waiting_cache.remove(node.obligation.as_predicate());
                     node_rewrites[i] = nodes_len;
                     dead_nodes += 1;
                     self.insert_into_error_cache(i);

From 3fda9578e08680b00db87c031940c907e54d1cc3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicholas Nethercote <nnethercote@mozilla.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Sep 2019 12:38:24 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 04/11] Remove out-of-date comments.

These refer to code that no longer exists.
---
 .../obligation_forest/mod.rs                     | 16 ----------------
 1 file changed, 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
index 595323da02fd1..731d82b7cfd72 100644
--- a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
@@ -61,14 +61,6 @@
 //!   results. This is used by the `FulfillmentContext` to decide when it
 //!   has reached a steady state.
 //!
-//! #### Snapshots
-//!
-//! The `ObligationForest` supports a limited form of snapshots; see
-//! `start_snapshot`, `commit_snapshot`, and `rollback_snapshot`. In
-//! particular, you can use a snapshot to roll back new root
-//! obligations. However, it is an error to attempt to
-//! `process_obligations` during a snapshot.
-//!
 //! ### Implementation details
 //!
 //! For the most part, comments specific to the implementation are in the
@@ -151,10 +143,6 @@ pub struct ObligationForest<O: ForestObligation> {
     /// At the end of processing, those nodes will be removed by a
     /// call to `compress`.
     ///
-    /// At all times we maintain the invariant that every node appears
-    /// at a higher index than its parent. This is needed by the
-    /// backtrace iterator (which uses `split_at`).
-    ///
     /// Ideally, this would be an `IndexVec<NodeIndex, Node<O>>`. But that is
     /// slower, because this vector is accessed so often that the
     /// `u32`-to-`usize` conversions required for accesses are significant.
@@ -288,8 +276,6 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
     }
 
     /// Registers an obligation.
-    ///
-    /// This CAN be done in a snapshot
     pub fn register_obligation(&mut self, obligation: O) {
         // Ignore errors here - there is no guarantee of success.
         let _ = self.register_obligation_at(obligation, None);
@@ -355,8 +341,6 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
     }
 
     /// Converts all remaining obligations to the given error.
-    ///
-    /// This cannot be done during a snapshot.
     pub fn to_errors<E: Clone>(&mut self, error: E) -> Vec<Error<O, E>> {
         let mut errors = vec![];
         for i in 0..self.nodes.len() {

From ac061dc5c8497c03e14c82b7fe349ca863924fae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicholas Nethercote <nnethercote@mozilla.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Sep 2019 12:39:21 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 05/11] Fix some out-of-date names of things in comments.

---
 .../obligation_forest/mod.rs                       | 14 +++++++-------
 1 file changed, 7 insertions(+), 7 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
index 731d82b7cfd72..3bf65b5739afb 100644
--- a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 //! `ObligationForest` supports two main public operations (there are a
 //! few others not discussed here):
 //!
-//! 1. Add a new root obligations (`push_tree`).
+//! 1. Add a new root obligations (`register_obligation`).
 //! 2. Process the pending obligations (`process_obligations`).
 //!
 //! When a new obligation `N` is added, it becomes the root of an
@@ -20,13 +20,13 @@
 //! with every pending obligation (so that will include `N`, the first
 //! time). The callback also receives a (mutable) reference to the
 //! per-tree state `T`. The callback should process the obligation `O`
-//! that it is given and return one of three results:
+//! that it is given and return a `ProcessResult`:
 //!
-//! - `Ok(None)` -> ambiguous result. Obligation was neither a success
+//! - `Unchanged` -> ambiguous result. Obligation was neither a success
 //!   nor a failure. It is assumed that further attempts to process the
 //!   obligation will yield the same result unless something in the
 //!   surrounding environment changes.
-//! - `Ok(Some(C))` - the obligation was *shallowly successful*. The
+//! - `Changed(C)` - the obligation was *shallowly successful*. The
 //!   vector `C` is a list of subobligations. The meaning of this is that
 //!   `O` was successful on the assumption that all the obligations in `C`
 //!   are also successful. Therefore, `O` is only considered a "true"
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
 //!   state and the obligations in `C` become the new pending
 //!   obligations. They will be processed the next time you call
 //!   `process_obligations`.
-//! - `Err(E)` -> obligation failed with error `E`. We will collect this
+//! - `Error(E)` -> obligation failed with error `E`. We will collect this
 //!   error and return it from `process_obligations`, along with the
 //!   "backtrace" of obligations (that is, the list of obligations up to
 //!   and including the root of the failed obligation). No further
@@ -47,14 +47,14 @@
 //! - `completed`: a list of obligations where processing was fully
 //!   completed without error (meaning that all transitive subobligations
 //!   have also been completed). So, for example, if the callback from
-//!   `process_obligations` returns `Ok(Some(C))` for some obligation `O`,
+//!   `process_obligations` returns `Changed(C)` for some obligation `O`,
 //!   then `O` will be considered completed right away if `C` is the
 //!   empty vector. Otherwise it will only be considered completed once
 //!   all the obligations in `C` have been found completed.
 //! - `errors`: a list of errors that occurred and associated backtraces
 //!   at the time of error, which can be used to give context to the user.
 //! - `stalled`: if true, then none of the existing obligations were
-//!   *shallowly successful* (that is, no callback returned `Ok(Some(_))`).
+//!   *shallowly successful* (that is, no callback returned `Changed(_)`).
 //!   This implies that all obligations were either errors or returned an
 //!   ambiguous result, which means that any further calls to
 //!   `process_obligations` would simply yield back further ambiguous

From 6391ef4d6e627c87124d512892fe4e0eface96ae Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicholas Nethercote <nnethercote@mozilla.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Sep 2019 12:40:31 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 06/11] Fix incorrect comment about contents of a `Node`.

---
 src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
index 3bf65b5739afb..7904808eb38e3 100644
--- a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
@@ -66,11 +66,11 @@
 //! For the most part, comments specific to the implementation are in the
 //! code. This file only contains a very high-level overview. Basically,
 //! the forest is stored in a vector. Each element of the vector is a node
-//! in some tree. Each node in the vector has the index of an (optional)
-//! parent and (for convenience) its root (which may be itself). It also
-//! has a current state, described by `NodeState`. After each
-//! processing step, we compress the vector to remove completed and error
-//! nodes, which aren't needed anymore.
+//! in some tree. Each node in the vector has the index of its dependents,
+//! including the first dependent which is known as the parent. It also
+//! has a current state, described by `NodeState`. After each processing
+//! step, we compress the vector to remove completed and error nodes, which
+//! aren't needed anymore.
 
 use crate::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use crate::indexed_vec::Idx;

From e2492b716370dab5216f0123b3ed1cac78f8304e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicholas Nethercote <nnethercote@mozilla.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Sep 2019 12:41:36 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 07/11] Add comments about `waiting_cache`.

---
 .../obligation_forest/mod.rs                     | 16 ++++++++++++++--
 1 file changed, 14 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
index 7904808eb38e3..9dbae95dc8f60 100644
--- a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
@@ -151,7 +151,9 @@ pub struct ObligationForest<O: ForestObligation> {
     /// A cache of predicates that have been successfully completed.
     done_cache: FxHashSet<O::Predicate>,
 
-    /// An cache of the nodes in `nodes`, indexed by predicate.
+    /// A cache of the nodes in `nodes`, indexed by predicate. Unfortunately,
+    /// its contents are not guaranteed to match those of `nodes`. See the
+    /// comments in `process_obligation` for details.
     waiting_cache: FxHashMap<O::Predicate, NodeIndex>,
 
     scratch: Option<Vec<usize>>,
@@ -394,6 +396,11 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
 
             debug!("process_obligations: node {} == {:?}", i, node);
 
+            // `processor.process_obligation` can modify the predicate within
+            // `node.obligation`, and that predicate is the key used for
+            // `self.waiting_cache`. This means that `self.waiting_cache` can
+            // get out of sync with `nodes`. It's not very common, but it does
+            // happen, and code in `compress` has to allow for it.
             let result = match node.state.get() {
                 NodeState::Pending => processor.process_obligation(&mut node.obligation),
                 _ => continue
@@ -621,7 +628,10 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
                     }
                 }
                 NodeState::Done => {
-                    // Avoid cloning the key (predicate) in case it exists in the waiting cache
+                    // This lookup can fail because the contents of
+                    // `self.waiting_cache` is not guaranteed to match those of
+                    // `self.nodes`. See the comment in `process_obligation`
+                    // for more details.
                     if let Some((predicate, _)) = self.waiting_cache
                         .remove_entry(node.obligation.as_predicate())
                     {
@@ -703,6 +713,8 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
             }
         }
 
+        // This updating of `self.waiting_cache` is necessary because the
+        // removal of nodes within `compress` can fail. See above.
         let mut kill_list = vec![];
         for (predicate, index) in &mut self.waiting_cache {
             let new_i = node_rewrites[index.index()];

From 6e48053d5d0d1c81d9a7e6548cead05c4bbac63d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicholas Nethercote <nnethercote@mozilla.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Sep 2019 12:43:16 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 08/11] Use iterators in `error_at` and `process_cycle`.

This makes the code a little faster, presumably because bounds checks
aren't needed on `nodes` accesses. It requires making `scratch` a
`RefCell`, which is not unreasonable.
---
 .../obligation_forest/mod.rs                  | 34 ++++++++++---------
 1 file changed, 18 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
index 9dbae95dc8f60..0fa1f707d7be3 100644
--- a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ use crate::fx::{FxHashMap, FxHashSet};
 use crate::indexed_vec::Idx;
 use crate::newtype_index;
 
-use std::cell::Cell;
+use std::cell::{Cell, RefCell};
 use std::collections::hash_map::Entry;
 use std::fmt::Debug;
 use std::hash;
@@ -156,7 +156,9 @@ pub struct ObligationForest<O: ForestObligation> {
     /// comments in `process_obligation` for details.
     waiting_cache: FxHashMap<O::Predicate, NodeIndex>,
 
-    scratch: Option<Vec<usize>>,
+    /// A scratch vector reused in various operations, to avoid allocating new
+    /// vectors.
+    scratch: RefCell<Vec<usize>>,
 
     obligation_tree_id_generator: ObligationTreeIdGenerator,
 
@@ -265,7 +267,7 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
             nodes: vec![],
             done_cache: Default::default(),
             waiting_cache: Default::default(),
-            scratch: Some(vec![]),
+            scratch: RefCell::new(vec![]),
             obligation_tree_id_generator: (0..).map(ObligationTreeId),
             error_cache: Default::default(),
         }
@@ -345,8 +347,8 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
     /// Converts all remaining obligations to the given error.
     pub fn to_errors<E: Clone>(&mut self, error: E) -> Vec<Error<O, E>> {
         let mut errors = vec![];
-        for i in 0..self.nodes.len() {
-            if let NodeState::Pending = self.nodes[i].state.get() {
+        for (i, node) in self.nodes.iter().enumerate() {
+            if let NodeState::Pending = node.state.get() {
                 let backtrace = self.error_at(i);
                 errors.push(Error {
                     error: error.clone(),
@@ -469,20 +471,20 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
     /// report all cycles between them. This should be called
     /// after `mark_as_waiting` marks all nodes with pending
     /// subobligations as NodeState::Waiting.
-    fn process_cycles<P>(&mut self, processor: &mut P)
+    fn process_cycles<P>(&self, processor: &mut P)
         where P: ObligationProcessor<Obligation=O>
     {
-        let mut stack = self.scratch.take().unwrap();
+        let mut stack = self.scratch.replace(vec![]);
         debug_assert!(stack.is_empty());
 
         debug!("process_cycles()");
 
-        for i in 0..self.nodes.len() {
+        for (i, node) in self.nodes.iter().enumerate() {
             // For rustc-benchmarks/inflate-0.1.0 this state test is extremely
             // hot and the state is almost always `Pending` or `Waiting`. It's
             // a win to handle the no-op cases immediately to avoid the cost of
             // the function call.
-            match self.nodes[i].state.get() {
+            match node.state.get() {
                 NodeState::Waiting | NodeState::Pending | NodeState::Done | NodeState::Error => {},
                 _ => self.find_cycles_from_node(&mut stack, processor, i),
             }
@@ -491,7 +493,7 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
         debug!("process_cycles: complete");
 
         debug_assert!(stack.is_empty());
-        self.scratch = Some(stack);
+        self.scratch.replace(stack);
     }
 
     fn find_cycles_from_node<P>(&self, stack: &mut Vec<usize>, processor: &mut P, i: usize)
@@ -525,8 +527,8 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
 
     /// Returns a vector of obligations for `p` and all of its
     /// ancestors, putting them into the error state in the process.
-    fn error_at(&mut self, mut i: usize) -> Vec<O> {
-        let mut error_stack = self.scratch.take().unwrap();
+    fn error_at(&self, mut i: usize) -> Vec<O> {
+        let mut error_stack = self.scratch.replace(vec![]);
         let mut trace = vec![];
 
         loop {
@@ -554,7 +556,7 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
             );
         }
 
-        self.scratch = Some(error_stack);
+        self.scratch.replace(error_stack);
         trace
     }
 
@@ -608,7 +610,7 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
     #[inline(never)]
     fn compress(&mut self, do_completed: DoCompleted) -> Option<Vec<O>> {
         let nodes_len = self.nodes.len();
-        let mut node_rewrites: Vec<_> = self.scratch.take().unwrap();
+        let mut node_rewrites: Vec<_> = self.scratch.replace(vec![]);
         node_rewrites.extend(0..nodes_len);
         let mut dead_nodes = 0;
 
@@ -658,7 +660,7 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
         // No compression needed.
         if dead_nodes == 0 {
             node_rewrites.truncate(0);
-            self.scratch = Some(node_rewrites);
+            self.scratch.replace(node_rewrites);
             return if do_completed == DoCompleted::Yes { Some(vec![]) } else { None };
         }
 
@@ -682,7 +684,7 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
         self.apply_rewrites(&node_rewrites);
 
         node_rewrites.truncate(0);
-        self.scratch = Some(node_rewrites);
+        self.scratch.replace(node_rewrites);
 
         successful
     }

From f22bb2e72267890782897c208bbc9114d023dfc7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicholas Nethercote <nnethercote@mozilla.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Sep 2019 12:43:48 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 09/11] Use `retain` for `waiting_cache` in `apply_rewrites()`.

It's more concise, more idiomatic, and measurably faster.
---
 src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs | 10 ++++------
 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
index 0fa1f707d7be3..5b95bb136e962 100644
--- a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
@@ -717,17 +717,15 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
 
         // This updating of `self.waiting_cache` is necessary because the
         // removal of nodes within `compress` can fail. See above.
-        let mut kill_list = vec![];
-        for (predicate, index) in &mut self.waiting_cache {
+        self.waiting_cache.retain(|_predicate, index| {
             let new_i = node_rewrites[index.index()];
             if new_i >= nodes_len {
-                kill_list.push(predicate.clone());
+                false
             } else {
                 *index = NodeIndex::new(new_i);
+                true
             }
-        }
-
-        for predicate in kill_list { self.waiting_cache.remove(&predicate); }
+        });
     }
 }
 

From 201afa6455969c1c38e8b46d30cb9be9392207bc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicholas Nethercote <nnethercote@mozilla.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Sep 2019 12:47:04 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 10/11] Minor comment tweaks.

---
 .../obligation_forest/mod.rs                     | 16 ++++++----------
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
index 5b95bb136e962..cb28a7285a75c 100644
--- a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
         let _ = self.register_obligation_at(obligation, None);
     }
 
-    // returns Err(()) if we already know this obligation failed.
+    // Returns Err(()) if we already know this obligation failed.
     fn register_obligation_at(&mut self, obligation: O, parent: Option<NodeIndex>)
                               -> Result<(), ()>
     {
@@ -425,7 +425,7 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
                             Some(NodeIndex::new(i))
                         );
                         if let Err(()) = st {
-                            // error already reported - propagate it
+                            // Error already reported - propagate it
                             // to our node.
                             self.error_at(i);
                         }
@@ -454,8 +454,6 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
 
         self.mark_as_waiting();
         self.process_cycles(processor);
-
-        // Now we have to compress the result
         let completed = self.compress(do_completed);
 
         debug!("process_obligations: complete");
@@ -516,11 +514,11 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
                 node.state.set(NodeState::Done);
             },
             NodeState::Waiting | NodeState::Pending => {
-                // this node is still reachable from some pending node. We
+                // This node is still reachable from some pending node. We
                 // will get to it when they are all processed.
             }
             NodeState::Done | NodeState::Error => {
-                // already processed that node
+                // Already processed that node.
             }
         };
     }
@@ -664,8 +662,7 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
             return if do_completed == DoCompleted::Yes { Some(vec![]) } else { None };
         }
 
-        // Pop off all the nodes we killed and extract the success
-        // stories.
+        // Pop off all the nodes we killed and extract the success stories.
         let successful = if do_completed == DoCompleted::Yes {
             Some((0..dead_nodes)
                 .map(|_| self.nodes.pop().unwrap())
@@ -696,7 +693,6 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
             if let Some(index) = node.parent {
                 let new_i = node_rewrites[index.index()];
                 if new_i >= nodes_len {
-                    // parent dead due to error
                     node.parent = None;
                 } else {
                     node.parent = Some(NodeIndex::new(new_i));
@@ -745,7 +741,7 @@ impl<O> Node<O> {
     }
 }
 
-// I need a Clone closure
+// I need a Clone closure.
 #[derive(Clone)]
 struct GetObligation<'a, O>(&'a [Node<O>]);
 

From 4ecd94e1215882efde5f003c0042bd72a5f8acb2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Nicholas Nethercote <nnethercote@mozilla.com>
Date: Mon, 16 Sep 2019 12:47:46 +1000
Subject: [PATCH 11/11] Move `impl Node` just after `struct Node`.

---
 .../obligation_forest/mod.rs                  | 32 +++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 16 insertions(+), 16 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
index cb28a7285a75c..189506bf8ab76 100644
--- a/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_data_structures/obligation_forest/mod.rs
@@ -196,6 +196,22 @@ struct Node<O> {
     obligation_tree_id: ObligationTreeId,
 }
 
+impl<O> Node<O> {
+    fn new(
+        parent: Option<NodeIndex>,
+        obligation: O,
+        obligation_tree_id: ObligationTreeId
+    ) -> Node<O> {
+        Node {
+            obligation,
+            state: Cell::new(NodeState::Pending),
+            parent,
+            dependents: vec![],
+            obligation_tree_id,
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 /// The state of one node in some tree within the forest. This
 /// represents the current state of processing for the obligation (of
 /// type `O`) associated with this node.
@@ -725,22 +741,6 @@ impl<O: ForestObligation> ObligationForest<O> {
     }
 }
 
-impl<O> Node<O> {
-    fn new(
-        parent: Option<NodeIndex>,
-        obligation: O,
-        obligation_tree_id: ObligationTreeId
-    ) -> Node<O> {
-        Node {
-            obligation,
-            state: Cell::new(NodeState::Pending),
-            parent,
-            dependents: vec![],
-            obligation_tree_id,
-        }
-    }
-}
-
 // I need a Clone closure.
 #[derive(Clone)]
 struct GetObligation<'a, O>(&'a [Node<O>]);