From 9d4620870c42224cc91d532b4e4cb20bbc2270b5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Guillaume Gomez <guillaume1.gomez@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2019 13:04:52 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 01/12] Clean up E0023

---
 src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0023.md | 9 ++++++---
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0023.md b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0023.md
index 92cae460c81db..23a9d22a60d82 100644
--- a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0023.md
+++ b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0023.md
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-A pattern used to match against an enum variant must provide a sub-pattern for
-each field of the enum variant. This error indicates that a pattern attempted to
-extract an incorrect number of fields from a variant.
+A pattern attempted to extract an incorrect number of fields from a variant.
+
+Erroneous code example:
 
 ```
 enum Fruit {
@@ -9,6 +9,9 @@ enum Fruit {
 }
 ```
 
+A pattern used to match against an enum variant must provide a sub-pattern for
+each field of the enum variant.
+
 Here the `Apple` variant has two fields, and should be matched against like so:
 
 ```

From 57564c80e3a269d102123804ff24046bc05071da Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Guillaume Gomez <guillaume1.gomez@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2019 13:07:37 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 02/12] Add link to error code explanation RFC

---
 src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes.rs | 5 +++++
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+)

diff --git a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes.rs b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes.rs
index 5e6d5ce159d0f..ffefe51f854f5 100644
--- a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes.rs
+++ b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,11 @@
 // Error messages for EXXXX errors.  Each message should start and end with a
 // new line, and be wrapped to 80 characters.  In vim you can `:set tw=80` and
 // use `gq` to wrap paragraphs. Use `:set tw=0` to disable.
+//
+// /!\ IMPORTANT /!\
+//
+// Error messages' format must follow the RFC 1567 available here:
+// https://github.com/rust-lang/rfcs/pull/1567
 
 crate::register_diagnostics! {
 

From 88acc84073383387b80c2df67fc6e26cdaffedc8 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Guillaume Gomez <guillaume1.gomez@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2019 13:09:46 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 03/12] Clean up E0026

---
 src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0026.md | 37 +++++--------------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 27 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0026.md b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0026.md
index 9327b31ac4b9b..72c575aabb643 100644
--- a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0026.md
+++ b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0026.md
@@ -1,51 +1,34 @@
-This error indicates that a struct pattern attempted to extract a non-existent
-field from a struct. Struct fields are identified by the name used before the
-colon `:` so struct patterns should resemble the declaration of the struct type
-being matched.
+A struct pattern attempted to extract a non-existent field from a struct.
 
-```
-// Correct matching.
-struct Thing {
-    x: u32,
-    y: u32
-}
-
-let thing = Thing { x: 1, y: 2 };
-
-match thing {
-    Thing { x: xfield, y: yfield } => {}
-}
-```
-
-If you are using shorthand field patterns but want to refer to the struct field
-by a different name, you should rename it explicitly.
-
-Change this:
+Erroneous code example:
 
 ```compile_fail,E0026
 struct Thing {
     x: u32,
-    y: u32
+    y: u32,
 }
 
 let thing = Thing { x: 0, y: 0 };
 
 match thing {
-    Thing { x, z } => {}
+    Thing { x, z } => {} // error: `Thing::z` field doesn't exist
 }
 ```
 
-To this:
+If you are using shorthand field patterns but want to refer to the struct field
+by a different name, you should rename it explicitly. Struct fields are
+identified by the name used before the colon `:` so struct patterns should
+resemble the declaration of the struct type being matched.
 
 ```
 struct Thing {
     x: u32,
-    y: u32
+    y: u32,
 }
 
 let thing = Thing { x: 0, y: 0 };
 
 match thing {
-    Thing { x, y: z } => {}
+    Thing { x, y: z } => {} // we renamed `y` to `z`
 }
 ```

From 86506281b5520e38eef772c78d614ae4ba3c0f7e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Guillaume Gomez <guillaume1.gomez@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2019 13:13:18 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 04/12] Clean up E0027

---
 src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0027.md | 10 +++++-----
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0027.md b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0027.md
index ab2a20fe9e56d..a8b1340ca0c78 100644
--- a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0027.md
+++ b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0027.md
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-This error indicates that a pattern for a struct fails to specify a sub-pattern
-for every one of the struct's fields. Ensure that each field from the struct's
-definition is mentioned in the pattern, or use `..` to ignore unwanted fields.
+A pattern for a struct fails to specify a sub-pattern for every one of the
+struct's fields.
 
-For example:
+Erroneous code example:
 
 ```compile_fail,E0027
 struct Dog {
@@ -18,7 +17,8 @@ match d {
 }
 ```
 
-This is correct (explicit):
+To fix this error, ensure that each field from the struct's definition is
+mentioned in the pattern, or use `..` to ignore unwanted fields. Example:
 
 ```
 struct Dog {

From f8d575a0073300cd9cc3f204bc3c21b86eb5ec18 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Guillaume Gomez <guillaume1.gomez@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2019 13:14:10 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 05/12] Clean up E0029

---
 src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0029.md | 14 +++++++++-----
 1 file changed, 9 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0029.md b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0029.md
index fadfda0a80c18..d12d85b9b4c99 100644
--- a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0029.md
+++ b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0029.md
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-In a match expression, only numbers and characters can be matched against a
-range. This is because the compiler checks that the range is non-empty at
-compile-time, and is unable to evaluate arbitrary comparison functions. If you
-want to capture values of an orderable type between two end-points, you can use
-a guard.
+Something other than numbers and characters has been used for a range.
+
+Erroneous code example:
 
 ```compile_fail,E0029
 let string = "salutations !";
@@ -20,3 +18,9 @@ match string {
     _ => {}
 }
 ```
+
+In a match expression, only numbers and characters can be matched against a
+range. This is because the compiler checks that the range is non-empty at
+compile-time, and is unable to evaluate arbitrary comparison functions. If you
+want to capture values of an orderable type between two end-points, you can use
+a guard.

From cab1955b216f2b84c6129a0b734c89419f565b4a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Guillaume Gomez <guillaume1.gomez@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2019 13:15:05 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 06/12] Clean up E0033

---
 src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0033.md | 16 ++++++++++------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 6 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0033.md b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0033.md
index 0bb70e89f3dc8..c49cedf2d5869 100644
--- a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0033.md
+++ b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0033.md
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-This error indicates that a pointer to a trait type cannot be implicitly
-dereferenced by a pattern. Every trait defines a type, but because the
-size of trait implementers isn't fixed, this type has no compile-time size.
-Therefore, all accesses to trait types must be through pointers. If you
-encounter this error you should try to avoid dereferencing the pointer.
+A trait type has been dereferenced.
+
+Erroneous code example:
 
 ```compile_fail,E0033
 # trait SomeTrait { fn method_one(&self){} fn method_two(&self){} }
@@ -17,7 +15,13 @@ trait_obj.method_one();
 trait_obj.method_two();
 ```
 
+A pointer to a trait type cannot be implicitly dereferenced by a pattern. Every
+trait defines a type, but because the size of trait implementers isn't fixed,
+this type has no compile-time size. Therefore, all accesses to trait types must
+be through pointers. If you encounter this error you should try to avoid
+dereferencing the pointer.
+
 You can read more about trait objects in the [Trait Objects] section of the
 Reference.
 
-[Trait Objects]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/types.html#trait-objects
+[Trait Objects]: https://doc.rust-lang.org/reference/types.html#trait-objects
\ No newline at end of file

From a5fcc5137f2b07d176c8d915a2b609462ee3a32c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Guillaume Gomez <guillaume1.gomez@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2019 13:16:47 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 07/12] Clean up E0040

---
 src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0040.md | 25 ++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0040.md b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0040.md
index fb262018c35b1..1373f8340d8f6 100644
--- a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0040.md
+++ b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0040.md
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
-It is not allowed to manually call destructors in Rust. It is also not
-necessary to do this since `drop` is called automatically whenever a value goes
-out of scope.
+It is not allowed to manually call destructors in Rust.
 
-Here's an example of this error:
+Erroneous code example:
 
 ```compile_fail,E0040
 struct Foo {
@@ -20,3 +18,22 @@ fn main() {
     x.drop(); // error: explicit use of destructor method
 }
 ```
+
+It is unnecessary to do this since `drop` is called automatically whenever a
+value goes out of scope. However, if you really need to drop a value by hand,
+you can use the `std::mem::drop` function:
+
+```
+struct Foo {
+    x: i32,
+}
+impl Drop for Foo {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        println!("kaboom");
+    }
+}
+fn main() {
+    let mut x = Foo { x: -7 };
+    drop(x); // ok!
+}
+```

From 11bb297d2c3f3a28666df15f6be78d35393daf6c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Guillaume Gomez <guillaume1.gomez@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2019 13:18:05 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 08/12] Clean up E0045

---
 src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0045.md | 20 +++++++++----------
 1 file changed, 10 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0045.md b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0045.md
index 537490eb4cf5b..143c693bf7c07 100644
--- a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0045.md
+++ b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0045.md
@@ -1,18 +1,18 @@
-Rust only supports variadic parameters for interoperability with C code in its
-FFI. As such, variadic parameters can only be used with functions which are
-using the C ABI. Examples of erroneous code:
-
-```compile_fail
-#![feature(unboxed_closures)]
+Variadic parameters have been used on a non-C ABI function.
 
-extern "rust-call" { fn foo(x: u8, ...); }
+Erroneous code example:
 
-// or
+```compile_fail,E0045
+#![feature(unboxed_closures)]
 
-fn foo(x: u8, ...) {}
+extern "rust-call" {
+    fn foo(x: u8, ...); // error!
+}
 ```
 
-To fix such code, put them in an extern "C" block:
+Rust only supports variadic parameters for interoperability with C code in its
+FFI. As such, variadic parameters can only be used with functions which are
+using the C ABI. To fix such code, put them in an extern "C" block:
 
 ```
 extern "C" {

From 2312207d9187efa1f3923f1b454c0f9ba730f46d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Guillaume Gomez <guillaume1.gomez@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2019 13:19:34 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 09/12] Clean up E0049

---
 src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0049.md | 25 ++++++++++++++++---
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0049.md b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0049.md
index 721a7fd57a51f..a2034a3428b2d 100644
--- a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0049.md
+++ b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0049.md
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
-This error indicates that an attempted implementation of a trait method
-has the wrong number of type or const parameters.
+An attempted implementation of a trait method has the wrong number of type or
+const parameters.
 
-For example, the trait below has a method `foo` with a type parameter `T`,
-but the implementation of `foo` for the type `Bar` is missing this parameter:
+Erroneous code example:
 
 ```compile_fail,E0049
 trait Foo {
@@ -17,3 +16,21 @@ impl Foo for Bar {
     fn foo(x: bool) -> Self { Bar }
 }
 ```
+
+For example, the `Foo` trait has a method `foo` with a type parameter `T`,
+but the implementation of `foo` for the type `Bar` is missing this parameter.
+To fix this error, they must have the same type parameters:
+
+```
+trait Foo {
+    fn foo<T: Default>(x: T) -> Self;
+}
+
+struct Bar;
+
+impl Foo for Bar {
+    fn foo<T: Default>(x: T) -> Self { // ok!
+        Bar
+    }
+}
+```

From 1a3c8c8964ec44c81fee69fbe25cbd8910909284 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Guillaume Gomez <guillaume1.gomez@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2019 13:20:17 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 10/12] Clean up E0050

---
 src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0050.md | 26 +++++++++++++++----
 1 file changed, 21 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0050.md b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0050.md
index 79d070802d304..7b84c48007399 100644
--- a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0050.md
+++ b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0050.md
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
-This error indicates that an attempted implementation of a trait method
-has the wrong number of function parameters.
+An attempted implementation of a trait method has the wrong number of function
+parameters.
 
-For example, the trait below has a method `foo` with two function parameters
-(`&self` and `u8`), but the implementation of `foo` for the type `Bar` omits
-the `u8` parameter:
+Erroneous code example:
 
 ```compile_fail,E0050
 trait Foo {
@@ -18,3 +16,21 @@ impl Foo for Bar {
     fn foo(&self) -> bool { true }
 }
 ```
+
+For example, the `Foo` trait has a method `foo` with two function parameters
+(`&self` and `u8`), but the implementation of `foo` for the type `Bar` omits
+the `u8` parameter. To fix this error, they must have the same parameters:
+
+```
+trait Foo {
+    fn foo(&self, x: u8) -> bool;
+}
+
+struct Bar;
+
+impl Foo for Bar {
+    fn foo(&self, x: u8) -> bool { // ok!
+        true
+    }
+}
+```

From 041c9f6f48ee5f145d268b324d4be83013fb6754 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Guillaume Gomez <guillaume1.gomez@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2019 13:21:50 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 11/12] Clean up E0054

---
 src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0054.md | 8 ++++++--
 1 file changed, 6 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0054.md b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0054.md
index af71cb44462a6..c3eb375fbcc9a 100644
--- a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0054.md
+++ b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0054.md
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-It is not allowed to cast to a bool. If you are trying to cast a numeric type
-to a bool, you can compare it with zero instead:
+It is not allowed to cast to a bool.
+
+Erroneous code example:
 
 ```compile_fail,E0054
 let x = 5;
@@ -8,6 +9,9 @@ let x = 5;
 let x_is_nonzero = x as bool;
 ```
 
+If you are trying to cast a numeric type to a bool, you can compare it with
+zero instead:
+
 ```
 let x = 5;
 

From f9fdc380c785290c86568181f78a1584dfad4863 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Guillaume Gomez <guillaume1.gomez@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 15 Nov 2019 13:05:21 +0100
Subject: [PATCH 12/12] Clean up E0025, E0034, E0044, E0046 and E0053

---
 src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0025.md | 5 +++--
 src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0034.md | 4 +++-
 src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0044.md | 1 +
 src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0046.md | 4 +++-
 src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0053.md | 2 +-
 5 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 5 deletions(-)

diff --git a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0025.md b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0025.md
index 51073babd01de..a85dc8c1978b2 100644
--- a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0025.md
+++ b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0025.md
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
-Each field of a struct can only be bound once in a pattern. Erroneous code
-example:
+Each field of a struct can only be bound once in a pattern.
+
+Erroneous code example:
 
 ```compile_fail,E0025
 struct Foo {
diff --git a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0034.md b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0034.md
index bc804b7faefca..2a21f3441c660 100644
--- a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0034.md
+++ b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0034.md
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 The compiler doesn't know what method to call because more than one method
-has the same prototype. Erroneous code example:
+has the same prototype.
+
+Erroneous code example:
 
 ```compile_fail,E0034
 struct Test;
diff --git a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0044.md b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0044.md
index 8e877e7185997..635ff95329013 100644
--- a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0044.md
+++ b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0044.md
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 You cannot use type or const parameters on foreign items.
+
 Example of erroneous code:
 
 ```compile_fail,E0044
diff --git a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0046.md b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0046.md
index 2d0bb0863e883..d8f95330c364b 100644
--- a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0046.md
+++ b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0046.md
@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
-Items are missing in a trait implementation. Erroneous code example:
+Items are missing in a trait implementation.
+
+Erroneous code example:
 
 ```compile_fail,E0046
 trait Foo {
diff --git a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0053.md b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0053.md
index 822d1f0094d36..cb2a8638a29c5 100644
--- a/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0053.md
+++ b/src/librustc_error_codes/error_codes/E0053.md
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 The parameters of any trait method must match between a trait implementation
 and the trait definition.
 
-Here are a couple examples of this error:
+Erroneous code example:
 
 ```compile_fail,E0053
 trait Foo {