diff --git a/tests/end-to-end/regression/5561.phpt b/tests/end-to-end/regression/5561.phpt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..f894f943501
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/end-to-end/regression/5561.phpt
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+--TEST--
+https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit/issues/5561
+--XFAIL--
+https://github.com/sebastianbergmann/phpunit/issues/5561
+--FILE--
+<?php declare(strict_types=1);
+$_SERVER['argv'][] = '--do-not-cache-result';
+$_SERVER['argv'][] = '--no-configuration';
+$_SERVER['argv'][] = '--no-output';
+$_SERVER['argv'][] = '--log-junit';
+$_SERVER['argv'][] = 'php://stdout';
+$_SERVER['argv'][] = __DIR__ . '/5561/Issue5561Test.php';
+
+require_once __DIR__ . '/../../bootstrap.php';
+
+(new PHPUnit\TextUI\Application)->run($_SERVER['argv']);
+--EXPECTF--
+<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<testsuites>
+  <testsuite name="PHPUnit\TestFixture\Issue5561\Issue5561Test" file="%sIssue5561Test.php" tests="1" assertions="0" errors="0" failures="1" skipped="0" time="%s">
+    <testcase name="testOne" file="%sIssue5561Test.php" line="21" class="PHPUnit\TestFixture\Issue5561\Issue5561Test" classname="PHPUnit.TestFixture.Issue5561.Issue5561Test" assertions="0" time="%s">
+      <failure type="PHPUnit\Framework\ExpectationFailedException">PHPUnit\TestFixture\Issue5561\Issue5561Test::testOne
+Failed asserting that false is true.
+
+%sIssue5561Test.php:18</failure>
+    </testcase>
+  </testsuite>
+</testsuites>
diff --git a/tests/end-to-end/regression/5561/Issue5561Test.php b/tests/end-to-end/regression/5561/Issue5561Test.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..b81c334dfb7
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/end-to-end/regression/5561/Issue5561Test.php
@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?php declare(strict_types=1);
+/*
+ * This file is part of PHPUnit.
+ *
+ * (c) Sebastian Bergmann <sebastian@phpunit.de>
+ *
+ * For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
+ * file that was distributed with this source code.
+ */
+namespace PHPUnit\TestFixture\Issue5561;
+
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+
+final class Issue5561Test extends TestCase
+{
+    protected function setUp(): void
+    {
+        $this->assertTrue(false);
+    }
+
+    public function testOne(): void
+    {
+        $this->assertTrue(true);
+    }
+}