LICENSE_EE.txt

MAGENTO(tm) ENTERPRISE EDITION 
END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

This End User License Agreement ("Agreement") is entered into by and between X.commerce, Inc.
through its Magento division ("Magento"), and the Licensee executing the Magento Order Form
(defined below). The parties agree as follows:

TERMS AND CONDITIONS

1.  License
    1.1. Subject to Licensee's payment of the applicable fees and to Licensee's compliance with
    other terms and conditions of this Agreement, Magento grants Licensee a non-transferable,
    non-assignable, non-sublicensable, worldwide license to copy the Software for the purpose of
    installing and using it on a computer and solely for internal purposes, in accordance with the
    Software's technical documentation and solely during the periods and on the maximum number
    of Designated Servers specified in one or more applicable Magento or Magento-authorized
    reseller ordering schedules (the "Magento Order Form") executed with Licensee.

    1.2. In the event that Licensee's actual number of Servers of a particular Software license
    exceeds the licensed number of Designated Servers on such license, Licensee shall promptly
    provide Magento with written notice and pay Magento the fees required to license such
    additional Server(s) in accordance with the commercial terms set out in the Magento Order
    Form.

    1.3. Licensee shall implement reasonable controls to ensure that it does not exceed the
    maximum number of licensed Servers of the Software. Magento reserves the right to audit
    Licensee's use of the Software during normal business hours and with reasonable notice and to
    include means within the Software to limit Licensee's use of the Software to the licensed
    number of Servers.

    1.4. Magento shall provide to Licensee an initial copy of the Software, including the associated
    technical documentation, for use by Licensee in accordance with this Agreement. Subject to
    Sections 1.1-1.3 above, Licensee is authorized to make a reasonable number of non-Server
    copies of the Software, e.g., onto a local pc, as it requires for purpose of exercising its rights
    under this Agreement.

    1.5. Licensee is authorized to use the Software on a single substitute or backup Server on a
    temporary basis without charge any time a Designated Server is inoperative due to a
    malfunction beyond the control of Licensee. Licensee may transfer the Software on a
    permanent basis to a single replacement Server without charge. Licensee agrees to provide
    Magento with written notice, including the Server type and operating system, of any such
    transfer to a backup or replacement Server within five (5) days thereafter.

    1.6. Licensee acknowledges that portions of the Software are also freely available to the public
    under Magento's open source version of the Software, known as Magento Community Edition,
    subject to certain conditions, with limited warranties and other limited assurances, and without
    service or support. As an express condition for the license granted hereunder, Licensee agrees
    that any use during the term of this Agreement of such open source versions of the Software,
    whether in a Production Server Instance or a Non-Production Server Instance, shall be deemed
    use of the Software for purposes of the calculation of fees payable under the Agreement.

    1.7. Magento also grants Licensee the right to modify and create derivative works of the
    Software. Licensee may contribute the rights in any of those derivative works back to Magento.
    Licensee may contact Magento for more information regarding contributions of derivative
    works rights to Magento. Regardless of whether Licensee contributes such derivative works
    rights to Magento, Licensee hereby grants Magento a perpetual and irrevocable (irrespective of
    the expiration or termination of this Agreement), nonexclusive, transferable, worldwide, and
    royalty-free license to reproduce, create derivative works of, distribute, perform, and display
    any derivative works of the Software developed by or for Licensee, and to use, make, have
    made, sell, offer to sell, import, export, and otherwise exploit any product based on any such
    derivative works.

2.  License Exclusions
    2.1 Except as expressly authorized herein, Licensee shall not:
        a. use or deploy the Software on any Server in excess of the number of Designated Servers
        specified in the applicable Magento Order Form;

        b. distribute, sublicense, disclose, market, rent, lease, or offer remote computing services,
        networking, batch processing or transfer of, the Software to any third party, or permit any
        person or entity to have access to the Software by means of a time sharing, remote
        computing services, networking, batch processing, service bureau or time sharing
        arrangement;

        c. export the Software in violation of U.S. Department of Commerce export administration
        regulations.

    2.2. No license, right or interest in any Magento trademark, trade name or service mark is
    granted hereunder.

3.  Fees and Payment Terms
    Licensee agrees to the fees and payment terms that are described in each Magento Order Form
    executed by Licensee.

4.  Title and Protection
    4.1. Magento (or its third party providers) retains title to all portions of the Software and other
    Proprietary Materials and any copies thereof. The Proprietary Materials contain valuable
    proprietary information, and Licensee shall not disclose them to anyone other than those of its
    employees or consultants under written nondisclosure obligations at least as restrictive as
    those contained in this Agreement, having a need to know for purposes consistent with this
    Agreement. Licensee shall be responsible for the compliance of such employees or consultants.
    Licensee shall affix, to each full or partial copy of the Software made by Licensee, all copyright
    and proprietary information notices as were affixed to the original. The obligations set forth in
    this Section shall survive termination of this Agreement.

    4.2. Licensee acknowledges that the Software includes certain open source software which is
    governed by the applicable license terms thereof. A list of such open source software, as
    amended from time to time, including the links applicable to such open source software is
    specified in the product software bundled within the Software, and the Software is subject to
    the provisions of such license agreements, and in the event of any contradiction between the
    provisions of this Agreement and the provisions of such applicable license agreement, the
    provisions of the applicable open source license agreement shall prevail solely with respect to
    such open source software products.

    4.3. If the Software is acquired by or on behalf of a unit or agency of the U.S. Government (the
    "Government"), the Government agrees that such Product is "commercial computer software"
    or "commercial computer software documentation" and that, absent a written agreement to
    the contrary, the Government's rights with respect thereto are limited by the terms of this
    Agreement, pursuant to applicable FAR and/or DFARS and successor regulations.

5.  Patent and Copyright Indemnity
    Subject to the limitations in Section 8, for such time as Licensee is entitled to receive Support
    Services (as defined below), Magento shall indemnify and defend Licensee against any claims made
    by a third party that Licensee's reproduction of the Software (which, for the purposes of this Section
    5, means the Software as delivered by Magento, excluding the open source software programs
    described in Section 4.2) as permitted in this Agreement directly infringes such third party's United
    States patent or copyright, provided that Licensee complies with the requirements of this Section.
    Licensee will (a) provide Magento prompt written notice of any claim that the Software infringes any
    intellectual property rights, (b) provide Magento with all information and assistance requested of it
    with respect to any such claim, and (c) offer Magento sole and complete authority to defend and/or
    settle any and all such claims.

    In the event that a court holds that the Software, or if Magento believes a court may hold that the
    Software, infringes the intellectual property rights of any third party, Magento may (but is not
    obligated to), in its sole discretion, do any of the following: obtain for Licensee the right to continue
    using the Software, replace or modify the Software so that it becomes non-infringing while providing
    substantially equivalent performance or, accept return of the Software, terminate this Agreement,
    and refund Licensee an amount equal to the license fees paid to Magento multiplied by the
    percentage of the term of the license for the Software that Licensee did not enjoy due to the early
    termination by Magento.

    Magento shall have no liability or obligation under this Agreement to the extent the alleged
    infringement is based on (i) a modification or derivative work of the Software developed by anyone
    other than Magento; (ii), a combination of the Software with any product or service not provided by
    Magento; (ii) use of the Software with one or more Servers not listed in a Magento Order Form; (iii)
    use of the Software other than in accordance with this Agreement or the documentation; (iv)
    indirect or willful infringement; or (v) any open source code, as described in Section 4.2.

    This Section 5 states Magento's entire liability and Licensee's exclusive remedy for any infringement
    related to the Software.

6.  Default and Termination
    6.1. An event of default shall be deemed to occur if: (i) Licensee fails to perform any of its
    obligations under the Sections entitled "License Exclusions" or "Title and Protection"; (ii)
    Licensee fails to pay amounts due pursuant to its agreement to the fees and payment terms in
    Section 3 of this Agreement within seven (7) days of the relevant due date; or (iii) either party
    fails to perform any other material obligation under this Agreement and such failure remains
    uncured for more than thirty (30) days after receipt of written notice thereof.

    6.2. If an event of default occurs, the non-defaulting party, in addition to any other rights
    available to it under the law, may terminate this Agreement and all licenses granted hereunder
    by written notice to the defaulting party.

    6.3. Within thirty (30) days after termination of the Software license or this Agreement or
    expiration of the license term as specified in the Magento Order Form, Licensee shall certify in
    writing to Magento that Licensee has ceased use of any and all Proprietary Materials and that
    all copies or embodiments thereof in any form, including partial copies within modified
    versions, have been destroyed.

7.  Warranty
    7.1. Warranty for Software. Magento warrants for a single period of ninety (90) days
    commencing upon Magento's electronic delivery of the Software to Licensee that the Software,
    as delivered, will in all material respects perform the functions described in the specifications
    contained in the documentation provided with the Software. In the event that the Software
    does not, in all material respects, perform the functions therein described, Magento or its
    authorized reseller will undertake to correct any reported error in accordance with the Support
    Services Terms and Conditions set forth below in Section 9, which shall be Magento's entire
    liability and Licensee's exclusive remedy for breach of this warranty. Magento does not warrant
    that the Software will meet Licensee's requirements, that the Software will operate in the
    combinations which Licensee may select for use, that the operation of the Software will be
    uninterrupted or error-free, or that all error conditions will be corrected. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED
    IN THIS SECTION ALL SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS PROVIDED "AS IS".

    7.2. DISCLAIMER. THE EXPRESS WARRANTIES SET FORTH IN THIS SECTION 7 ARE THE ONLY
    WARRANTIES MADE BY MAGENTO WITH RESPECT TO THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED BY MAGENTO.
    MAGENTO MAKES NO OTHER WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR ARISING BY CUSTOM OR
    TRADE USAGE, AND, SPECIFICALLY, MAKES NO WARRANTY OF TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT,
    ACCURACY, QUIET ENJOYMENT, MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR
    PURPOSE. MAGENTO'S EXPRESS WARRANTIES SHALL NOT BE ENLARGED, DIMINISHED OR
    AFFECTED BY, AND NO OBLIGATION OR LIABILITY SHALL ARISE OUT OF, MAGENTO RENDERING
    TECHNICAL OR OTHER ADVICE OR SERVICE IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE.

8.  Limitation of Liability
    8.1. LIABILITY EXCLUSIONS. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES WILL MAGENTO BE LIABLE FOR: LOSS
    OF REVENUE; LOSS OF ACTUAL OR ANTICIPATED PROFITS; LOSS OF CONTRACTS; LOSS OF THE
    USE OF MONEY; LOSS OF ANTICIPATED SAVINGS; LOSS OF BUSINESS; LOSS OF OPPORTUNITY;
    LOSS OF GOODWILL; LOSS OF REPUTATION; LOSS OF, DAMAGE TO OR CORRUPTION OF DATA;
    OR CONSEQUENTIAL OR INDIRECT LOSS OR SPECIAL, PUNITIVE, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES
    (INCLUDING, FOR THE AVOIDANCE OF DOUBT, WHERE SUCH LOSS OR DAMAGE IS ALSO OF A
    CATEGORY OF LOSS OR DAMAGE ALREADY LISTED), WHETHER FORESEEABLE OR
    UNFORESEEABLE, BASED ON CLAIMS OF LICENSEE, MAGENTO OR ANY THIRD PARTY ARISING
    OUT OF ANY BREACH OR FAILURE OF EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTY CONDITIONS OR OTHER
    TERM, BREACH OF CONTRACT, MISREPRESENTATION, NEGLIGENCE, OTHER LIABILITY IN TORT,
    FAILURE OF ANY REMEDY TO ACHIEVE ITS ESSENTIAL PURPOSE, OR OTHERWISE.

    8.2. LIABILITY CAP. NOTWITHSTANDING THE FORM (E.G., CONTRACT, TORT, OR OTHERWISE) IN
    WHICH ANY LEGAL OR EQUITABLE ACTION MAY BE BROUGHT, IN NO EVENT (INCLUDING WITH
    RESPECT TO OBLIGATIONS ARISING UNDER SECTION 5) WILL MAGENTO OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE
    LIABLE FOR DAMAGES, EXPENSES, COSTS, LIABILITIES, SUITS, CLAIMS, RESTITUTION OR LOSSES,
    THAT EXCEED, IN THE AGGREGATE, THE AMOUNT OF FEES PAID BY LICENSEE FOR THE
    SOFTWARE LICENSE IN THE FIRST TWELVE (12) MONTH PERIOD AFTER THE EFFECTIVE DATE.

9.  Support Services Terms and Conditions
    For the periods specified in the Magento Order Form, Magento or its authorized reseller will provide
    support services and Updates for the Software as described in Magento's standard Support Services
    Terms and Conditions, which follow. Magento will have no obligation to provide support for any
    modifications or derivative works of the Software developed by anyone other than Magento.

10. Customer References
    Licensee hereby grants Magento the right to display Licensee's logos as part of Magento's customer
    lists and other related marketing materials. The parties shall cooperate to undertake mutually-
    agreed joint marketing activities.

11. Notices
    All notices shall be in writing and sent by first class mail or overnight mail (or courier), transmitted by
    facsimile (if confirmed by such mailing), or email, to the addresses indicated on the Magento Order
    Form, or such other address as either party may indicate by at least ten (10) days prior written
    notice to the other party. Notices to Magento shall be sent to the Contracts Administration
    Department.

12. Assignment
    Licensee may not assign this Agreement without the prior written consent of Magento; provided
    that such consent shall not be required for assignment to a purchaser of all or substantially all of the
    assets or equity securities of Licensee who undertakes in writing to be bound by all the terms and
    conditions of this Agreement. Any prohibited assignment shall be null and void.

13. Entire Agreement
    Along with Magento's standard Support Services Terms and Conditions, which follow, and the
    Magento Order Form, this Agreement is the complete and exclusive agreement between the parties,
    which supersedes all proposals or prior agreements, oral or written, including any online (click-
    through) agreement which Licensee may have accepted in conjunction with the downloading of the
    Software, and all other communications between the parties relating to the subject matter hereof.
    No purchase order, other ordering document or any hand written or typewritten text which purports
    to modify or supplement the printed text hereof or Magento Order Form shall add to or vary the
    terms thereof and Magento hereby rejects same. Except as contained in a writing signed by both
    parties, all such proposed variations or additions are objected to and shall have no force or effect.

14. General
    This Agreement is made in and shall be governed by the laws of the State of California, without
    giving effect to any principles that provide for the application of the law of another jurisdiction. All
    proceedings shall be conducted in English. Venue for all proceedings shall be Santa Clara County,
    California, provided that Magento may seek injunctive relief in any court of competent jurisdiction.
    The United Nations Convention for the International Sale of Goods shall not apply. The section
    headings herein are provided for convenience only and have no substantive effect on the
    construction of this Agreement. Except for Licensee's obligation to pay Magento, neither party shall
    be liable for any failure to perform due to causes beyond its reasonable control. If any provision of
    this Agreement is held to be unenforceable, this Agreement shall be construed without such
    provision. The failure by a party to exercise any right hereunder shall not operate as a waiver of such
    party's right to exercise such right or any other right in the future. This Agreement may be amended
    only by a written document executed by a duly authorized representative of each of the parties. The
    parties agree to receive electronic documents and accept electronic signatures (information
    attached or logically associated with such document and clicked or otherwise adopted with an intent
    to sign) including in counterparts which shall be valid substitutes for paper-based documents and
    signatures, and the legal validity of a transaction will not be denied on the ground that it is not in
    writing.

15. Definitions
    "Designated Server" shall mean the Server specified in a Magento Order Form with respect to a
    particular Software license. Such Server may be that of a third-party under nondisclosure obligations
    that will host the Software for the benefit of Licensee.

    "Modifications" means any code developed by Licensee or any third party, including without
    limitation, configuration, integrations, implementations, or localizations to the external layer of the
    core, baseline Software product. The term "Modifications" excludes Updates.

    "Proprietary Material" means the Software, related documentation, and all parts, copies and
    modifications thereof, and any other information, in whatever form, received by Licensee
    hereunder, provided, however, such information shall not be deemed Proprietary Material if it (a) is
    or becomes a part of the public domain through no act or omission of Licensee; or (b) was in
    Licensee's lawful possession prior to the disclosure and had not been obtained by Licensee from
    Magento; or (c) is lawfully disclosed to Licensee by a third party without restriction on disclosure; or
    (d) is independently developed by Licensee without reference to or use of Magento's Proprietary
    Material.

    "Server" means each physical or virtual server from which a single instance of the Software is
    accessed and used either for production purposes ("Production Server Instance") or for non-
    production purposes, such as development, testing, training and other non-operational business
    transactions ("Non-Production Server Instance"). For example, if one server contains two (2)
    instances of the Software, i.e., one Production Server Instance and one Non-Production Server
    Instance, then a Server license is required for each of such instances; development in-house and by
    third-party consultants requires licenses for two Non-Production Server Instances.

    "Software" means Magento's proprietary e-commerce software solution known as the Magento(tm)
    Enterprise Edition, provided solely in source code, including associated technical documentation,
    and all Updates thereof furnished to Licensee as part of Support Services. Except as otherwise
    specified herein, the term Software includes certain open source software programs described in
    Section 4.2. "Software" does not include any Modifications.

    "Updates" means all published revisions and corrections to the printed documentation and
    corrections and new releases of the Software which are generally made available to Magento's
    supported customers at no additional cost or for media and handling charges only. Updates shall not
    include any options or future products which Magento sells separately.


SUPPORT SERVICES TERMS AND CONDITIONS

Unless otherwise defined herein, all capitalized terms will have the meanings set forth in the
Agreement.

1.  "Support Services" consists of:
    a. Advice regarding the downloading, installation and configuration of the Software (including
    Updates provided by Magento, but excluding for the avoidance of doubt any Modifications to
    the Software), when used by Licensee on systems that meet the Software's "System
    Requirements" specified on Magento's website at www.magentocommerce.com/system-
    requirements.

    b. Facilities for bug tracking, escalation of problems for priority attention, and access to
    community-supported FAQs and Forums relating to the Software.

    c. Assistance with troubleshooting to diagnose and fix errors in the Software.

    d. Access to Magento documentation relating to the Software, including authorization to make
    copies of that documentation for internal use as specified in the Agreement.

2.  Exclusions from Support Services.
    Magento shall have no obligation to support (i) versions of the
    Software other than the then-current and immediately previous releases, which are operated on a
    supported hardware/operating system platform specified in the release notes for the Software; (ii)
    altered or modified Software; (iii) Software accessed on unlicensed Servers; (iv) problems caused by
    Licensee's negligence, misuse, or hardware malfunction; or (v) use of the Software inconsistent with
    Magento's instructions. Magento is not responsible for hardware changes necessitated by changes
    to the Software. Support Services does not include:
        a. Assistance in the development or debugging of Licensee's system, including the operating
        system and support tools.

        b. Information and assistance on technical issues related to the installation, administration, and
        use of enabling technologies such as databases, computer networks, and communications.

        c. Assistance with the installation and configuration of hardware including, but not limited to
        computers, hard disks, networks, and printers.

3.  Subcontractors.
    Magento or its authorized resellers reserve the right to subcontract any or all of
    the work to be performed under these Support Terms, and Magento retains responsibility for any
    work so subcontracted.

4.  Licensee Responsibilities.
    Licensee shall provide commercially reasonable cooperation and full
    information to Magento or its authorized resellers with respect to the furnishing of Support Services
    under this Agreement.

5.  Support Contacts.
    Licensee shall designate one or more support contacts that are authorized to
    submit Software problems. If Licensee has purchased the license from a Magento-authorized
    reseller, Licensee shall contact that party for assistance. If Licensee has purchased the license
    directly from Magento, Licensee may contact Magento on the www.magentocommere.com website
    or at its toll-free Support telephone number.

6.  Problem Priority.
    Upon receipt of a properly submitted Software problem, as specified on
    Magento's website at www.magentocommerce.com, Magento or its authorized reseller shall
    prioritize it in accordance with the guidelines below:

        a. Priority 1 (P1) - A P1 is a catastrophic production problem within the Software that severely
        impacts the Licensee's Production Server Instance, or because of which Licensee's Production
        Server Instance is down or not functioning, or that results in a loss of production data and no
        work around exists. P1 problems must be reported on Magento's toll-free support telephone
        number in order to expedite resolution. Magento will use continuous efforts during its normal
        hours of operation, with appropriate escalation to senior management, to provide a resolution
        for any P1 problem as soon as is commercially reasonable.

        b. Priority 2 (P2) - A P2 is a problem within the Software where the Licensee's system is
        functioning but in a reduced capacity, or the Problem is causing significant impact to portions of
        the Licensee's business operations and productivity, or the Software is exposed to potential loss
        or interruption of service. Problems existing in a non-production environment that would
        otherwise qualify as a P1 if they were in a production system qualify as P2. Magento will use
        reasonable efforts during its normal hours of operation to provide a resolution for any P2
        problem as soon as is commercially reasonable.

        c. Priority 3 (P3) - A P3 is a medium-to-low impact problem that involves partial and/or non-
        critical loss of functionality, or that impairs some operations but allows Licensee's operations to
        continue to function. Problems for which there is limited or no loss or functionality or impact to
        Licensee's operation and for which there is an easy work-around qualify as P3. Magento will use
        reasonable efforts during its normal hours of operation to provide a resolution for any P3
        problem in time for the next minor release of the Software.

        d. Priority 4 (P4) - A P4 is for a general usage question or issue that may be cosmetic in nature
        or documentation related, but the Software works without normal hours of operation to
        provide a resolution for any P4 problem in time for the next major release of the Software.

        e. Enhancement Request (ER) - An ER is a recommendation for future product enhancement or
        modification to add official support and documentation for unsupported or undocumented
        feature, or features that do not exist in the Software. Magento will take ERs into consideration
        in the product management process, but has no obligation to deliver enhancements based on
        any ER.

7.  Response Times.
    Magento or its authorized reseller shall exercise commercially reasonable efforts
    to meet the response times specified below for Gold Support (unless Licensee has upgraded to
    Platinum Support, as provided in the Magento Order Form), following receipt of a Software problem
    properly submitted by Licensee:

    Magento GOLD Support Response Times
    WEB Ticket Submission                    24 x 7 x 365
    WEB Ticket Response Time*                24 business hours
    North American Telephone Support Hours   M-F 08:00 - 17:00 (PT)
    European Telephone Support Hours         M-F 08:30 - 17:30 (CET)
    Telephone Response Time P1 Issues*       4 business hours
    Response Time P2-P4 Issues*              24 business hours
    *From initial contact


    Magento PLATINUM Support Response Times
    WEB Ticket Submission                    24 x 7 x 365
    WEB Ticket Response Time*                24 business hours
    Telephone Support Hours                  24 hours
    Telephone Response Time P1 Issues*       Up to 2 hours
    Response Time P2-P4 Issues*              4 business hours
    *From initial contact


8.  Prohibited Use.
    As a condition of Licensee's use of the Forums, Licensee will not use (and will
    prohibit its customers from using) the Forums (i) to violate any applicable law, statute, ordinance or
    regulation; (ii) to disseminate content that is harmful, threatening, abusive, harassing, tortuous,
    defamatory, vulgar, obscene, libelous, or otherwise objectionable; (iii) to disseminate any software
    viruses or any other computer code, files or programs that may interrupt, destroy or limit the
    functionality of any computer software or hardware or telecommunications equipment; (iv) to
    infringe the intellectual property rights or proprietary rights, or rights of publicity or privacy, of any
    third party; or (v) use the Forums for any purpose other than their intended use.

9.  Term and Termination.
    Magento will provide Support Services and any Updates to Licensee
    during the periods identified in the Magento Order Form, subject to Licensee's payment of the
    applicable fees. In the event Licensee fails to pay such fees to Magento or in the event Licensee
    materially breaches the Support Services provisions and does not cure such breach within thirty (30)
    days of its receipt of Magento's notice of same, Magento may suspend or cancel Support Services.

10. General.
    Magento shall not be liable for any failure or delay in performance under these Support
    Terms due to causes beyond its reasonable control. Any illegal or unenforceable provision shall be
    severed from these Support Terms. Licensee agrees that any information received pursuant to these
    Support Terms shall be deemed to be subject to the non-disclosure obligations set forth in the
    License Agreement. Licensee's obligation of payment of moneys due under these Support Terms
    shall survive termination of these Support Terms or the License Agreement. These Support Terms
    state the entire agreement regarding provision of Support Services to Licensee and may be amended
    only by a written amendment set forth on a separate document executed by authorized
    representatives of both parties.