diff --git a/lib/IRGen/GenClangDecl.cpp b/lib/IRGen/GenClangDecl.cpp
index 00b5a0e697352..2ecf5c39a724a 100644
--- a/lib/IRGen/GenClangDecl.cpp
+++ b/lib/IRGen/GenClangDecl.cpp
@@ -34,11 +34,34 @@ class ClangDeclRefFinder
     return true;
   }
 };
+
+// If any (re)declaration of `decl` contains executable code, returns that
+// redeclaration; otherwise, returns nullptr.
+// In the case of a function, executable code is contained in the function
+// definition. In the case of a variable, executable code can be contained in
+// the initializer of the variable.
+clang::Decl *getDeclWithExecutableCode(clang::Decl *decl) {
+  if (auto fd = dyn_cast<clang::FunctionDecl>(decl)) {
+    const clang::FunctionDecl *definition;
+    if (fd->hasBody(definition)) {
+      return const_cast<clang::FunctionDecl *>(definition);
+    }
+  } else if (auto vd = dyn_cast<clang::VarDecl>(decl)) {
+    clang::VarDecl *initializingDecl = vd->getInitializingDeclaration();
+    if (initializingDecl) {
+      return initializingDecl;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return nullptr;
+}
+
 } // end anonymous namespace
 
 void IRGenModule::emitClangDecl(const clang::Decl *decl) {
-  auto valueDecl = dyn_cast<clang::ValueDecl>(decl);
-  if (!valueDecl || valueDecl->isExternallyVisible()) {
+  // Fast path for the case where `decl` doesn't contain executable code, so it
+  // can't reference any other declarations that we would need to emit.
+  if (getDeclWithExecutableCode(const_cast<clang::Decl *>(decl)) == nullptr) {
     ClangCodeGen->HandleTopLevelDecl(
                           clang::DeclGroupRef(const_cast<clang::Decl*>(decl)));
     return;
@@ -69,12 +92,9 @@ void IRGenModule::emitClangDecl(const clang::Decl *decl) {
 
   while (!stack.empty()) {
     auto *next = const_cast<clang::Decl *>(stack.pop_back_val());
-    if (auto fn = dyn_cast<clang::FunctionDecl>(next)) {
-      const clang::FunctionDecl *definition;
-      if (fn->hasBody(definition)) {
-        refFinder.TraverseDecl(const_cast<clang::FunctionDecl *>(definition));
-        next = const_cast<clang::FunctionDecl *>(definition);
-      }
+    if (clang::Decl *executableDecl = getDeclWithExecutableCode(next)) {
+        refFinder.TraverseDecl(executableDecl);
+        next = executableDecl;
     }
     ClangCodeGen->HandleTopLevelDecl(clang::DeclGroupRef(next));
   }
diff --git a/test/Interop/C/function/Inputs/emit-called-inline-function.h b/test/Interop/C/function/Inputs/emit-called-inline-function.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..437d3b8bac6c1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/Interop/C/function/Inputs/emit-called-inline-function.h
@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#define INLINE inline
+#else
+// When compiling as C, make the functions `static inline`. This is the flavor
+// of inline functions for which we require the behavior checked by this test.
+// Non-static C inline functions don't require Swift to emit LLVM IR for them
+// because the idea is that there will we one `.c` file that declares them
+// `extern inline`, causing an out-of-line definition to be emitted to the
+// corresponding .o file.
+#define INLINE static inline
+#endif
+
+INLINE int notCalled() {
+  return 42;
+}
+
+INLINE int calledTransitively() {
+  return 42;
+}
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+class C {
+ public:
+  int memberFunctionCalledTransitively() {
+    return 42;
+  }
+};
+
+inline int calledTransitivelyFromVarInit() {
+  return 42;
+}
+
+inline int varUsedFromSwift = calledTransitivelyFromVarInit();
+#else
+// C only allows constant initializers for variables with static storage
+// duration, so there's no way to initialize this with the result of a call to
+// an inline method. Just provide _some_ definition of `varImportedToSwift` so
+// we can import it in the test.
+static int varUsedFromSwift = 42;
+#endif
+
+INLINE int calledFromSwift() {
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+  C c;
+  return calledTransitively() + c.memberFunctionCalledTransitively();
+#else
+  return calledTransitively();
+#endif
+}
diff --git a/test/Interop/C/function/Inputs/module.modulemap b/test/Interop/C/function/Inputs/module.modulemap
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..77c866f587b72
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/Interop/C/function/Inputs/module.modulemap
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+module EmitCalledInlineFunction {
+  header "emit-called-inline-function.h"
+  export *
+}
diff --git a/test/Interop/C/function/emit-called-inline-function-irgen.swift b/test/Interop/C/function/emit-called-inline-function-irgen.swift
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..851d855640d96
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/Interop/C/function/emit-called-inline-function-irgen.swift
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+// Test that we emit LLVM IR for inline functions that are called directly or
+// transitively from Swift.
+//
+// Test that we don't emit LLVM IR for inline functions that are not called from
+// Swift.
+
+// RUN: %empty-directory(%t)
+// RUN: %target-swift-frontend %s -I %S/Inputs -Xcc -std=c99 -emit-ir -o - | %FileCheck %s -check-prefix C99 --implicit-check-not notCalled
+// RUN: %target-swift-frontend %s -I %S/Inputs -enable-cxx-interop -emit-ir -o - | %FileCheck %s -check-prefix CXX --implicit-check-not notCalled
+
+import EmitCalledInlineFunction
+
+// C99-DAG: define internal i32 @calledFromSwift()
+// C99-DAG: define internal i32 @calledTransitively()
+
+// CXX-DAG: define linkonce_odr{{( dso_local)?}} i32 @{{_Z15calledFromSwiftv|"\?calledFromSwift@@YAHXZ"}}()
+// CXX-DAG: define linkonce_odr{{( dso_local)?}} i32 @{{_Z18calledTransitivelyv|"\?calledTransitively@@YAHXZ"}}()
+// CXX-DAG: define linkonce_odr{{( dso_local)?}} i32 @{{_ZN1C32memberFunctionCalledTransitivelyEv|"\?memberFunctionCalledTransitively@C@@QEAAHXZ"}}(%class.C* %this)
+// CXX-DAG: define linkonce_odr{{( dso_local)?}} i32 @{{_Z29calledTransitivelyFromVarInitv|"\?calledTransitivelyFromVarInit@@YAHXZ"}}()
+
+calledFromSwift()
+
+let _ = varUsedFromSwift