diff --git a/yazi-core/src/manager/commands/bulk_rename.rs b/yazi-core/src/manager/commands/bulk_rename.rs
index 2aaafd4cd..09385a98c 100644
--- a/yazi-core/src/manager/commands/bulk_rename.rs
+++ b/yazi-core/src/manager/commands/bulk_rename.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use tokio::{fs::{self, OpenOptions}, io::{stdin, AsyncReadExt, AsyncWriteExt}};
 use yazi_config::{OPEN, PREVIEW};
 use yazi_dds::Pubsub;
 use yazi_proxy::{AppProxy, TasksProxy, HIDER, WATCHER};
-use yazi_shared::{fs::{max_common_root, maybe_exists, paths_to_same_file, File, FilesOp, Url}, terminal_clear};
+use yazi_shared::{fs::{max_common_root, maybe_exists, paths_to_same_file, File, Url}, terminal_clear};
 
 use crate::manager::Manager;
 
@@ -98,7 +98,8 @@ impl Manager {
 		// FIXME: consider old and new in the different directories
 		if !succeeded.is_empty() {
 			Pubsub::pub_from_bulk(succeeded.iter().map(|(u, f)| (u, f.url())).collect());
-			FilesOp::Upserting(cwd, succeeded).emit();
+			// FIXME 0
+			// FilesOp::Upserting(cwd, succeeded).emit();
 		}
 		drop(permit);
 
diff --git a/yazi-core/src/manager/commands/create.rs b/yazi-core/src/manager/commands/create.rs
index 6e4ade2ab..586a7e701 100644
--- a/yazi-core/src/manager/commands/create.rs
+++ b/yazi-core/src/manager/commands/create.rs
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 use tokio::fs;
 use yazi_config::popup::{ConfirmCfg, InputCfg};
 use yazi_proxy::{ConfirmProxy, InputProxy, TabProxy, WATCHER};
-use yazi_shared::{event::Cmd, fs::{maybe_exists, ok_or_not_found, symlink_realpath, File, FilesOp, Url}};
+use yazi_shared::{event::Cmd, fs::{maybe_exists, ok_or_not_found, realname, File, FilesOp, Url, UrnBuf}};
 
 use crate::manager::Manager;
 
@@ -48,9 +48,9 @@ impl Manager {
 
 		if dir {
 			fs::create_dir_all(&new).await?;
-		} else if let Ok(real) = symlink_realpath(&new).await {
+		} else if let Some(real) = realname(&new).await {
 			ok_or_not_found(fs::remove_file(&new).await)?;
-			FilesOp::Deleting(parent.clone(), vec![Url::from(real)]).emit();
+			FilesOp::Deleting(parent.clone(), HashSet::from_iter([UrnBuf::_from(real)])).emit();
 			fs::File::create(&new).await?;
 		} else {
 			fs::create_dir_all(&parent).await.ok();
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ impl Manager {
 		}
 
 		if let Ok(f) = File::from(new.clone()).await {
-			FilesOp::Upserting(parent, HashMap::from_iter([(f.url_owned(), f)])).emit();
+			FilesOp::Upserting(parent, HashMap::from_iter([(f.urn_owned(), f)])).emit();
 			TabProxy::reveal(&new)
 		}
 		Ok(())
diff --git a/yazi-core/src/manager/commands/rename.rs b/yazi-core/src/manager/commands/rename.rs
index eb1aca5e8..bb49be349 100644
--- a/yazi-core/src/manager/commands/rename.rs
+++ b/yazi-core/src/manager/commands/rename.rs
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 
 use anyhow::Result;
 use tokio::fs;
 use yazi_config::popup::{ConfirmCfg, InputCfg};
 use yazi_dds::Pubsub;
 use yazi_proxy::{ConfirmProxy, InputProxy, TabProxy, WATCHER};
-use yazi_shared::{event::Cmd, fs::{maybe_exists, ok_or_not_found, paths_to_same_file, symlink_realpath, File, FilesOp, Url}};
+use yazi_shared::{event::Cmd, fs::{maybe_exists, ok_or_not_found, paths_to_same_file, realname, File, FilesOp, Url, UrnBuf}};
 
 use crate::manager::Manager;
 
@@ -74,22 +74,27 @@ impl Manager {
 	}
 
 	async fn rename_do(tab: usize, old: Url, new: Url) -> Result<()> {
-		let Some(p_old) = old.parent_url() else { return Ok(()) };
-		let Some(p_new) = new.parent_url() else { return Ok(()) };
+		let Some((p_old, n_old)) = old.pair() else { return Ok(()) };
+		let Some((p_new, n_new)) = new.pair() else { return Ok(()) };
 		let _permit = WATCHER.acquire().await.unwrap();
 
-		let overwritten = symlink_realpath(&new).await;
+		let overwritten = realname(&new).await;
 		fs::rename(&old, &new).await?;
 
-		if let Ok(o) = overwritten {
-			ok_or_not_found(fs::rename(&o, &new).await)?;
-			FilesOp::Deleting(p_new.clone(), vec![Url::from(o)]).emit();
+		if let Some(o) = overwritten {
+			ok_or_not_found(fs::rename(p_new.join(&o), &new).await)?;
+			FilesOp::Deleting(p_new.clone(), HashSet::from_iter([UrnBuf::_from(o)])).emit();
 		}
 		Pubsub::pub_from_rename(tab, &old, &new);
 
 		let file = File::from(new.clone()).await?;
-		FilesOp::Deleting(p_old, vec![old]).emit();
-		FilesOp::Upserting(p_new, HashMap::from_iter([(new.clone(), file)])).emit();
+		if p_new == p_old {
+			FilesOp::Upserting(p_old, HashMap::from_iter([(n_old, file)])).emit();
+		} else {
+			FilesOp::Deleting(p_old, HashSet::from_iter([n_old])).emit();
+			FilesOp::Upserting(p_new, HashMap::from_iter([(n_new, file)])).emit();
+		}
+
 		Ok(TabProxy::reveal(&new))
 	}
 
diff --git a/yazi-core/src/manager/commands/update_files.rs b/yazi-core/src/manager/commands/update_files.rs
index 8f98b22a6..934ebe331 100644
--- a/yazi-core/src/manager/commands/update_files.rs
+++ b/yazi-core/src/manager/commands/update_files.rs
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ impl Manager {
 
 		let mut ops = vec![opt.op];
 		for u in LINKED.read().from_dir(ops[0].cwd()) {
-			ops.push(ops[0].chroot(u));
+			ops.push(ops[0].rebase(u));
 		}
 
 		for op in ops {
@@ -60,10 +60,7 @@ impl Manager {
 
 	fn update_parent(tab: &mut Tab, op: Cow<FilesOp>) {
 		let urn = tab.cwd().urn_owned();
-		// FIXME
-		let leave = false;
-		// let leave = matches!(*op, FilesOp::Deleting(_, ref urls) if
-		// urls.contains(&urn));
+		let leave = matches!(*op, FilesOp::Deleting(_, ref urns) if urns.contains(&urn));
 
 		if let Some(f) = tab.parent.as_mut() {
 			render!(f.update(op.into_owned()));
@@ -111,8 +108,8 @@ impl Manager {
 	}
 
 	fn update_history(tab: &mut Tab, op: Cow<FilesOp>) {
-		let leave = tab.parent.as_ref().and_then(|f| f.loc.parent_url().map(|p| (&f.loc, p))).is_some_and(
-			|(p, pp)| matches!(*op, FilesOp::Deleting(ref parent, ref urls) if *parent == pp && urls.contains(p)),
+		let leave = tab.parent.as_ref().and_then(|f| f.loc.parent_url().map(|p| (p, f.loc.urn()))).is_some_and(
+			|(p, n)| matches!(*op, FilesOp::Deleting(ref parent, ref urns) if *parent == p && urns.contains(n)),
 		);
 
 		let folder = tab.history.entry(op.cwd().clone()).or_insert_with(|| Folder::from(op.cwd()));
diff --git a/yazi-core/src/manager/watcher.rs b/yazi-core/src/manager/watcher.rs
index 6756361e7..f2e114a4d 100644
--- a/yazi-core/src/manager/watcher.rs
+++ b/yazi-core/src/manager/watcher.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ use tracing::error;
 use yazi_fs::{Files, Folder};
 use yazi_plugin::isolate;
 use yazi_proxy::WATCHER;
-use yazi_shared::{fs::{symlink_realname, Cha, File, FilesOp, Url}, RoCell};
+use yazi_shared::{fs::{realname_unchecked, Cha, File, FilesOp, Url}, RoCell};
 
 use super::Linked;
 
@@ -124,27 +124,26 @@ impl Watcher {
 			let _permit = WATCHER.acquire().await.unwrap();
 			let mut reload = Vec::with_capacity(urls.len());
 
-			for url in urls {
-				let Some(name) = url.file_name() else { continue };
-				let Some(parent) = url.parent_url() else { continue };
-
-				let Ok(file) = File::from(url.clone()).await else {
-					FilesOp::Deleting(parent, vec![url]).emit();
+			for u in urls {
+				let Some((parent, urn)) = u.pair() else { continue };
+				let Ok(file) = File::from(u).await else {
+					FilesOp::Deleting(parent, HashSet::from_iter([urn])).emit();
 					continue;
 				};
 
-				let eq = (!file.is_link() && fs::canonicalize(&url).await.is_ok_and(|p| p == *url))
-					|| symlink_realname(&url, &mut cached).await.is_ok_and(|s| s == name);
+				let u = file.url();
+				let eq = (!file.is_link() && fs::canonicalize(u).await.is_ok_and(|p| p == **u))
+					|| realname_unchecked(u, &mut cached).await.is_ok_and(|s| s == urn._deref()._as_path());
 
 				if !eq {
-					FilesOp::Deleting(parent, vec![url]).emit();
+					FilesOp::Deleting(parent, HashSet::from_iter([urn])).emit();
 					continue;
 				}
 
 				if !file.is_dir() {
 					reload.push(file.clone());
 				}
-				FilesOp::Upserting(parent, HashMap::from_iter([(url, file)])).emit();
+				FilesOp::Upserting(parent, HashMap::from_iter([(urn, file)])).emit();
 			}
 
 			if reload.is_empty() {
diff --git a/yazi-core/src/manager/yanked.rs b/yazi-core/src/manager/yanked.rs
index 23e8c8520..ec53bdb70 100644
--- a/yazi-core/src/manager/yanked.rs
+++ b/yazi-core/src/manager/yanked.rs
@@ -39,17 +39,10 @@ impl Yanked {
 	}
 
 	pub fn apply_op(&mut self, op: &FilesOp) {
-		let (removal, addition) = match op {
-			FilesOp::Deleting(_, urls) => (urls.iter().collect(), vec![]),
-			FilesOp::Updating(_, urls) | FilesOp::Upserting(_, urls) => {
-				urls.iter().filter(|(u, _)| self.contains(u)).map(|(u, f)| (u, f.url_owned())).unzip()
-			}
-			_ => (vec![], vec![]),
-		};
-
+		let (removal, addition) = op.diff_recoverable(|u| self.contains(u));
 		if !removal.is_empty() {
 			let old = self.urls.len();
-			self.urls.retain(|u| !removal.contains(&u));
+			self.urls.retain(|u| !removal.contains(u));
 			self.revision += (old != self.urls.len()) as u64;
 		}
 
diff --git a/yazi-core/src/tab/selected.rs b/yazi-core/src/tab/selected.rs
index 756003963..73c51b67d 100644
--- a/yazi-core/src/tab/selected.rs
+++ b/yazi-core/src/tab/selected.rs
@@ -18,23 +18,24 @@ impl Selected {
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn add(&mut self, url: &Url) -> bool { self.add_same(&[url]) == 1 }
 
-	pub fn add_many(&mut self, urls: &[&Url], same: bool) -> usize {
+	pub fn add_many(&mut self, urls: &[impl AsRef<Url>], same: bool) -> usize {
 		if same {
 			return self.add_same(urls);
 		}
 
 		let mut grouped: HashMap<_, Vec<_>> = Default::default();
-		for &u in urls {
-			if let Some(p) = u.parent_url() {
+		for u in urls {
+			if let Some(p) = u.as_ref().parent_url() {
 				grouped.entry(p).or_default().push(u);
 			}
 		}
 		grouped.into_values().map(|v| self.add_same(&v)).sum()
 	}
 
-	fn add_same(&mut self, urls: &[&Url]) -> usize {
+	fn add_same(&mut self, urls: &[impl AsRef<Url>]) -> usize {
 		// If it has appeared as a parent
-		let urls: Vec<_> = urls.iter().filter(|&&u| !self.parents.contains_key(u)).collect();
+		let urls: Vec<_> =
+			urls.iter().map(|u| u.as_ref()).filter(|&u| !self.parents.contains_key(u)).collect();
 		if urls.is_empty() {
 			return 0;
 		}
@@ -52,7 +53,7 @@ impl Selected {
 		}
 
 		let (now, len) = (timestamp_us(), self.inner.len());
-		self.inner.extend(urls.iter().enumerate().map(|(i, &&u)| (u.clone(), now + i as u64)));
+		self.inner.extend(urls.iter().enumerate().map(|(i, &u)| (u.clone(), now + i as u64)));
 
 		for u in parents {
 			*self.parents.entry(u).or_insert(0) += self.inner.len() - len;
@@ -103,14 +104,7 @@ impl Selected {
 	}
 
 	pub fn apply_op(&mut self, op: &FilesOp) {
-		let (removal, addition) = match op {
-			FilesOp::Deleting(_, urls) => (urls.iter().collect(), vec![]),
-			FilesOp::Updating(_, urls) | FilesOp::Upserting(_, urls) => {
-				urls.iter().filter(|&(u, _)| self.contains_key(u)).map(|(u, f)| (u, f.url())).unzip()
-			}
-			_ => (vec![], vec![]),
-		};
-
+		let (removal, addition) = op.diff_recoverable(|u| self.contains_key(u));
 		if !removal.is_empty() {
 			self.remove_many(&removal, !op.cwd().is_search());
 		}
@@ -196,7 +190,7 @@ mod tests {
 	fn insert_many_empty_urls_list() {
 		let mut s = Selected::default();
 
-		assert_eq!(0, s.add_same(&[]));
+		assert_eq!(0, s.add_same(&[] as &[&Url]));
 	}
 
 	#[test]
diff --git a/yazi-core/src/tasks/preload.rs b/yazi-core/src/tasks/preload.rs
index cf86d0634..6af581c2e 100644
--- a/yazi-core/src/tasks/preload.rs
+++ b/yazi-core/src/tasks/preload.rs
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ impl Tasks {
 			targets
 				.iter()
 				.filter(|f| {
-					f.is_dir() && !targets.sizes.contains_key(f.url()) && !loading.contains(f.url())
+					f.is_dir() && !targets.sizes.contains_key(f.urn()) && !loading.contains(f.url())
 				})
 				.map(|f| f.url())
 				.collect()
diff --git a/yazi-fm/src/lives/file.rs b/yazi-fm/src/lives/file.rs
index 852812f88..2985e613e 100644
--- a/yazi-fm/src/lives/file.rs
+++ b/yazi-fm/src/lives/file.rs
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ impl File {
 
 			reg.add_field_method_get("idx", |_, me| Ok(me.idx + 1));
 			reg.add_method("size", |_, me, ()| {
-				Ok(if me.is_dir() { me.folder().files.sizes.get(me.url()).copied() } else { Some(me.len) })
+				Ok(if me.is_dir() { me.folder().files.sizes.get(me.urn()).copied() } else { Some(me.len) })
 			});
 			reg.add_method("mime", |lua, me, ()| {
 				let cx = lua.named_registry_value::<CtxRef>("cx")?;
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/files.rs b/yazi-fs/src/files.rs
index c3fce4d96..2577a2be4 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/files.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/files.rs
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use std::{collections::{HashMap, HashSet}, mem, ops::Deref, sync::atomic::Orderi
 
 use tokio::{fs::{self, DirEntry}, select, sync::mpsc::{self, UnboundedReceiver}};
 use yazi_config::{manager::SortBy, MANAGER};
-use yazi_shared::fs::{maybe_exists, Cha, File, FilesOp, Url, Urn, FILES_TICKET};
+use yazi_shared::fs::{maybe_exists, Cha, File, FilesOp, Url, Urn, UrnBuf, FILES_TICKET};
 
 use super::{FilesSorter, Filter};
 
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub struct Files {
 	version:      u64,
 	pub revision: u64,
 
-	pub sizes: HashMap<Url, u64>,
+	pub sizes: HashMap<UrnBuf, u64>,
 
 	sorter:      FilesSorter,
 	filter:      Option<Filter>,
@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ impl Files {
 	pub async fn assert_stale(cwd: &Url, cha: Cha) -> Option<Cha> {
 		match fs::metadata(cwd).await.map(Cha::from) {
 			Ok(c) if !c.is_dir() => {
-				// FIXME: use `ErrorKind::NotADirectory` instead once it gets stabilized
+				// TODO: use `ErrorKind::NotADirectory` instead once it gets stabilized
 				FilesOp::IOErr(cwd.clone(), std::io::ErrorKind::AlreadyExists).emit();
 			}
 			Ok(c) if c.hits(cha) => {}
@@ -107,8 +107,8 @@ impl Files {
 			Err(e) => {
 				if maybe_exists(cwd).await {
 					FilesOp::IOErr(cwd.clone(), e.kind()).emit();
-				} else if let Some(p) = cwd.parent_url() {
-					FilesOp::Deleting(p, vec![cwd.clone()]).emit();
+				} else if let Some((p, n)) = cwd.pair() {
+					FilesOp::Deleting(p, HashSet::from_iter([n])).emit();
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -150,7 +150,7 @@ impl Files {
 		}
 	}
 
-	pub fn update_size(&mut self, sizes: HashMap<Url, u64>) {
+	pub fn update_size(&mut self, sizes: HashMap<UrnBuf, u64>) {
 		if sizes.is_empty() {
 			return;
 		}
@@ -197,31 +197,30 @@ impl Files {
 	}
 
 	#[cfg(unix)]
-	pub fn update_deleting(&mut self, urls: Vec<Url>) {
-		if urls.is_empty() {
+	pub fn update_deleting(&mut self, urns: HashSet<UrnBuf>) {
+		if urns.is_empty() {
 			return;
 		}
 
 		macro_rules! go {
 			($dist:expr, $src:expr, $inc:literal) => {
-				let mut todo: HashSet<_> = $src.into_iter().collect();
 				let len = $dist.len();
-
-				$dist.retain(|f| !todo.remove(f.url()));
+				$dist.retain(|f| !$src.remove(f.urn()));
 				if $dist.len() != len {
 					self.revision += $inc;
 				}
 			};
 		}
 
-		let (hidden, items) = if let Some(filter) = &self.filter {
-			urls.into_iter().partition(|u| {
-				(!self.show_hidden && u.is_hidden()) || !u.file_name().is_some_and(|s| filter.matches(s))
+		let (mut hidden, mut items) = if let Some(filter) = &self.filter {
+			urns.into_iter().partition(|u| {
+				(!self.show_hidden && u._deref().is_hidden())
+					|| !u._deref().name().is_some_and(|s| filter.matches(s))
 			})
 		} else if self.show_hidden {
-			(vec![], urls)
+			(HashSet::new(), urns)
 		} else {
-			urls.into_iter().partition(|u| u.is_hidden())
+			urns.into_iter().partition(|u| u._deref().is_hidden())
 		};
 
 		if !items.is_empty() {
@@ -233,31 +232,29 @@ impl Files {
 	}
 
 	#[cfg(windows)]
-	pub fn update_deleting(&mut self, urls: Vec<Url>) {
+	pub fn update_deleting(&mut self, mut urns: HashSet<UrnBuf>) {
 		macro_rules! go {
 			($dist:expr, $src:expr, $inc:literal) => {
 				let len = $dist.len();
-
-				$dist.retain(|f| !$src.remove(f.url()));
+				$dist.retain(|f| !$src.remove(f.urn()));
 				if $dist.len() != len {
 					self.revision += $inc;
 				}
 			};
 		}
 
-		let mut urls: HashSet<_> = urls.into_iter().collect();
-		if !urls.is_empty() {
-			go!(self.items, urls, 1);
+		if !urns.is_empty() {
+			go!(self.items, urns, 1);
 		}
-		if !urls.is_empty() {
-			go!(self.hidden, urls, 0);
+		if !urns.is_empty() {
+			go!(self.hidden, urns, 0);
 		}
 	}
 
 	pub fn update_updating(
 		&mut self,
-		files: HashMap<Url, File>,
-	) -> (HashMap<Url, File>, HashMap<Url, File>) {
+		files: HashMap<UrnBuf, File>,
+	) -> (HashMap<UrnBuf, File>, HashMap<UrnBuf, File>) {
 		if files.is_empty() {
 			return Default::default();
 		}
@@ -266,7 +263,7 @@ impl Files {
 			($dist:expr, $src:expr, $inc:literal) => {
 				let mut b = true;
 				for i in 0..$dist.len() {
-					if let Some(f) = $src.remove($dist[i].url()) {
+					if let Some(f) = $src.remove($dist[i].urn()) {
 						b &= $dist[i].cha.hits(f.cha);
 						$dist[i] = f;
 
@@ -298,7 +295,7 @@ impl Files {
 		(hidden, items)
 	}
 
-	pub fn update_upserting(&mut self, files: HashMap<Url, File>) {
+	pub fn update_upserting(&mut self, files: HashMap<UrnBuf, File>) {
 		if files.is_empty() {
 			return;
 		}
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/folder.rs b/yazi-fs/src/folder.rs
index 384c0623a..c28b9cce0 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/folder.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/folder.rs
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ impl Folder {
 			FilesOp::IOErr(..) => self.files.update_ioerr(),
 
 			FilesOp::Creating(_, files) => self.files.update_creating(files),
-			FilesOp::Deleting(_, urls) => self.files.update_deleting(urls),
+			FilesOp::Deleting(_, urns) => self.files.update_deleting(urns),
 			FilesOp::Updating(_, files) => _ = self.files.update_updating(files),
 			FilesOp::Upserting(_, files) => self.files.update_upserting(files),
 		}
diff --git a/yazi-fs/src/sorter.rs b/yazi-fs/src/sorter.rs
index e50cdb7b5..98a61cad3 100644
--- a/yazi-fs/src/sorter.rs
+++ b/yazi-fs/src/sorter.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use std::{cmp::Ordering, collections::HashMap, mem};
 
 use yazi_config::manager::SortBy;
-use yazi_shared::{fs::{File, Url}, natsort, LcgRng, Transliterator};
+use yazi_shared::{fs::{File, UrnBuf}, natsort, LcgRng, Transliterator};
 
 #[derive(Clone, Copy, Default, PartialEq)]
 pub struct FilesSorter {
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ pub struct FilesSorter {
 }
 
 impl FilesSorter {
-	pub(super) fn sort(&self, items: &mut Vec<File>, sizes: &HashMap<Url, u64>) {
+	pub(super) fn sort(&self, items: &mut Vec<File>, sizes: &HashMap<UrnBuf, u64>) {
 		if items.is_empty() {
 			return;
 		}
@@ -51,8 +51,8 @@ impl FilesSorter {
 			SortBy::Alphabetical => items.sort_unstable_by(by_alphabetical),
 			SortBy::Natural => self.sort_naturally(items),
 			SortBy::Size => items.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| {
-				let aa = if a.is_dir() { sizes.get(a.url()).copied() } else { None };
-				let bb = if b.is_dir() { sizes.get(b.url()).copied() } else { None };
+				let aa = if a.is_dir() { sizes.get(a.urn()).copied() } else { None };
+				let bb = if b.is_dir() { sizes.get(b.urn()).copied() } else { None };
 				let ord = self.cmp(aa.unwrap_or(a.len), bb.unwrap_or(b.len), self.promote(a, b));
 				if ord == Ordering::Equal { by_alphabetical(a, b) } else { ord }
 			}),
diff --git a/yazi-plugin/src/fs/fs.rs b/yazi-plugin/src/fs/fs.rs
index 13e5fb3d5..07d9136c0 100644
--- a/yazi-plugin/src/fs/fs.rs
+++ b/yazi-plugin/src/fs/fs.rs
@@ -111,7 +111,8 @@ pub fn install(lua: &Lua) -> mlua::Result<()> {
 			(
 				"unique_name",
 				lua.create_async_function(|lua, url: UrlRef| async move {
-					// FIXME: handle errors
+					// FIXME: should return a `std::io::Result` to handle errors such as
+					// permission denied
 					Url::cast(lua, yazi_shared::fs::unique_name(url.clone()).await)
 				})?,
 			),
diff --git a/yazi-scheduler/src/prework/prework.rs b/yazi-scheduler/src/prework/prework.rs
index 7e36abef2..28bc37769 100644
--- a/yazi-scheduler/src/prework/prework.rs
+++ b/yazi-scheduler/src/prework/prework.rs
@@ -92,7 +92,8 @@ impl Prework {
 					}
 
 					let parent = buf[0].0.parent_url().unwrap();
-					FilesOp::Size(parent, HashMap::from_iter(buf)).emit();
+					// FIXME 0
+					// FilesOp::Size(parent, HashMap::from_iter(buf)).emit();
 				});
 				self.prog.send(TaskProg::Adv(task.id, 1, 0))?;
 			}
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/fs/file.rs b/yazi-shared/src/fs/file.rs
index e8c40e724..638be8631 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/fs/file.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/fs/file.rs
@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ impl File {
 		}
 
 		#[cfg(unix)]
-		if loc.url().is_hidden() {
+		if loc.urn().is_hidden() {
 			ck |= ChaKind::HIDDEN;
 		}
 		#[cfg(windows)]
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/fs/fns.rs b/yazi-shared/src/fs/fns.rs
index dae881559..ec3770302 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/fs/fns.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/fs/fns.rs
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-use std::{borrow::Cow, collections::{HashMap, VecDeque}, ffi::{OsStr, OsString}, fs::Metadata, path::{Path, PathBuf}};
+use std::{borrow::Cow, collections::{HashMap, HashSet, VecDeque}, ffi::{OsStr, OsString}, fs::Metadata, path::{Path, PathBuf}};
 
 use anyhow::{bail, Result};
 use tokio::{fs, io, select, sync::{mpsc, oneshot}, time};
@@ -76,19 +76,22 @@ async fn _paths_to_same_file(a: &Path, b: &Path) -> std::io::Result<bool> {
 	Ok(final_name(a).await? == final_name(b).await?)
 }
 
-pub async fn symlink_realpath(path: &Path) -> Result<PathBuf> {
-	let p = fs::canonicalize(path).await?;
-	if p == path {
-		return Ok(p);
+pub async fn realname(p: &Path) -> Option<OsString> {
+	let name = p.file_name()?;
+	if p == fs::canonicalize(p).await.ok()? {
+		return None;
 	}
 
-	let Some(parent) = path.parent() else { bail!("no parent") };
-	symlink_realname(path, &mut HashMap::new()).await.map(|n| parent.join(n))
+	realname_unchecked(p, &mut HashMap::new())
+		.await
+		.ok()
+		.filter(|s| s != name)
+		.map(|s| s.into_owned())
 }
 
 #[cfg(unix)]
 #[tokio::test]
-async fn test_symlink_realpath() {
+async fn test_realname_unchecked() {
 	fs::remove_dir_all("/tmp/issue-1173").await.ok();
 	fs::create_dir_all("/tmp/issue-1173/real-dir").await.unwrap();
 	fs::File::create("/tmp/issue-1173/A").await.unwrap();
@@ -97,64 +100,52 @@ async fn test_symlink_realpath() {
 	fs::symlink("/tmp/issue-1173/b", "/tmp/issue-1173/D").await.unwrap();
 	fs::symlink("real-dir", "/tmp/issue-1173/link-dir").await.unwrap();
 
-	async fn check(a: &str, b: &str) {
-		let expected = if a == b || cfg!(windows) || cfg!(target_os = "macos") {
-			Some(PathBuf::from(b))
-		} else {
-			None
-		};
-		assert_eq!(symlink_realpath(Path::new(a)).await.ok(), expected);
+	let c = &mut HashMap::new();
+	async fn check(a: &str, b: &str, c: &mut HashMap<PathBuf, HashSet<OsString>>) {
+		assert_eq!(realname_unchecked(Path::new(a), c).await.ok(), Some(OsStr::new(b).into()));
 	}
 
-	check("/tmp/issue-1173/a", "/tmp/issue-1173/A").await;
-	check("/tmp/issue-1173/A", "/tmp/issue-1173/A").await;
+	check("/tmp/issue-1173/a", "A", c).await;
+	check("/tmp/issue-1173/A", "A", c).await;
 
-	check("/tmp/issue-1173/b", "/tmp/issue-1173/b").await;
-	check("/tmp/issue-1173/B", "/tmp/issue-1173/b").await;
+	check("/tmp/issue-1173/b", "b", c).await;
+	check("/tmp/issue-1173/B", "b", c).await;
 
-	check("/tmp/issue-1173/link-dir/c", "/tmp/issue-1173/link-dir/C").await;
-	check("/tmp/issue-1173/link-dir/C", "/tmp/issue-1173/link-dir/C").await;
+	check("/tmp/issue-1173/link-dir/c", "C", c).await;
+	check("/tmp/issue-1173/link-dir/C", "C", c).await;
 
-	check("/tmp/issue-1173/d", "/tmp/issue-1173/D").await;
-	check("/tmp/issue-1173/D", "/tmp/issue-1173/D").await;
+	check("/tmp/issue-1173/d", "D", c).await;
+	check("/tmp/issue-1173/D", "D", c).await;
 }
 
 // realpath(3) without resolving symlinks. This is useful for case-insensitive
 // filesystems.
 //
 // Make sure the file of the path exists.
-pub async fn symlink_realname<'a>(
+pub async fn realname_unchecked<'a>(
 	path: &'a Path,
-	cached: &'a mut HashMap<PathBuf, HashMap<OsString, OsString>>,
+	cached: &'a mut HashMap<PathBuf, HashSet<OsString>>,
 ) -> Result<Cow<'a, OsStr>> {
-	let Some(name) = path.file_name() else { bail!("no file name") };
-	let Some(parent) = path.parent() else { return Ok(name.into()) };
+	let Some(name) = path.file_name() else { bail!("no filename") };
+	let Some(parent) = path.parent() else { return Ok(Cow::Borrowed(name)) };
 
 	if !cached.contains_key(parent) {
-		let mut map = HashMap::new();
+		let mut set = HashSet::new();
 		let mut it = fs::read_dir(parent).await?;
 		while let Some(entry) = it.next_entry().await? {
-			let n = entry.file_name();
-			if n.as_encoded_bytes().iter().all(|&b| b.is_ascii_lowercase()) {
-				map.insert(n, OsString::new());
-			} else {
-				map.insert(n.to_ascii_lowercase(), n);
-			}
+			set.insert(entry.file_name());
 		}
-		cached.insert(parent.to_owned(), map);
+		cached.insert(parent.to_owned(), set);
 	}
 
 	let c = &cached[parent];
-	if let Some(s) = c.get(name) {
-		return if s.is_empty() { Ok(name.into()) } else { Ok(s.into()) };
-	}
-
-	let lowercased = name.to_ascii_lowercase();
-	if let Some(s) = c.get(&lowercased) {
-		return if s.is_empty() { Ok(lowercased.into()) } else { Ok(s.into()) };
+	if c.contains(name) {
+		Ok(Cow::Borrowed(name))
+	} else if let Some(n) = c.iter().find(|&n| n.eq_ignore_ascii_case(name)) {
+		Ok(Cow::Borrowed(n))
+	} else {
+		bail!("no such file")
 	}
-
-	Ok(name.into())
 }
 
 pub async fn calculate_size(path: &Path) -> u64 {
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/fs/op.rs b/yazi-shared/src/fs/op.rs
index a15f3eb57..3207d5b85 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/fs/op.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/fs/op.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-use std::{collections::HashMap, sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering}};
+use std::{collections::{HashMap, HashSet}, sync::atomic::{AtomicU64, Ordering}};
 
-use super::{Cha, File};
+use super::{Cha, File, UrnBuf};
 use crate::{emit, event::Cmd, fs::Url, Layer};
 
 pub static FILES_TICKET: AtomicU64 = AtomicU64::new(0);
@@ -10,13 +10,13 @@ pub enum FilesOp {
 	Full(Url, Vec<File>, Cha),
 	Part(Url, Vec<File>, u64),
 	Done(Url, Cha, u64),
-	Size(Url, HashMap<Url, u64>),
+	Size(Url, HashMap<UrnBuf, u64>),
 	IOErr(Url, std::io::ErrorKind),
 
 	Creating(Url, Vec<File>),
-	Deleting(Url, Vec<Url>),
-	Updating(Url, HashMap<Url, File>),
-	Upserting(Url, HashMap<Url, File>),
+	Deleting(Url, HashSet<UrnBuf>),
+	Updating(Url, HashMap<UrnBuf, File>),
+	Upserting(Url, HashMap<UrnBuf, File>),
 }
 
 impl FilesOp {
@@ -47,15 +47,12 @@ impl FilesOp {
 		ticket
 	}
 
-	pub fn chroot(&self, new: &Url) -> Self {
-		macro_rules! new {
-			($url:expr) => {{ new.join($url.file_name().unwrap()) }};
-		}
+	pub fn rebase(&self, new: &Url) -> Self {
 		macro_rules! files {
 			($files:expr) => {{ $files.iter().map(|f| f.rebase(new)).collect() }};
 		}
 		macro_rules! map {
-			($map:expr) => {{ $map.iter().map(|(u, f)| (new!(u), f.rebase(new))).collect() }};
+			($map:expr) => {{ $map.iter().map(|(u, f)| (u.clone(), f.rebase(new))).collect() }};
 		}
 
 		let n = new.clone();
@@ -63,13 +60,29 @@ impl FilesOp {
 			Self::Full(_, files, mtime) => Self::Full(n, files!(files), *mtime),
 			Self::Part(_, files, ticket) => Self::Part(n, files!(files), *ticket),
 			Self::Done(_, mtime, ticket) => Self::Done(n, *mtime, *ticket),
-			Self::Size(_, map) => Self::Size(n, map.iter().map(|(u, &s)| (new!(u), s)).collect()),
+			Self::Size(_, map) => Self::Size(n, map.iter().map(|(u, &s)| (u.clone(), s)).collect()),
 			Self::IOErr(_, err) => Self::IOErr(n, *err),
 
 			Self::Creating(_, files) => Self::Creating(n, files!(files)),
-			Self::Deleting(_, urls) => Self::Deleting(n, urls.iter().map(|u| new!(u)).collect()),
+			Self::Deleting(_, urns) => Self::Deleting(n, urns.clone()),
 			Self::Updating(_, map) => Self::Updating(n, map!(map)),
 			Self::Upserting(_, map) => Self::Upserting(n, map!(map)),
 		}
 	}
+
+	pub fn diff_recoverable(&self, contains: impl Fn(&Url) -> bool) -> (Vec<Url>, Vec<Url>) {
+		match self {
+			Self::Deleting(cwd, urns) => {
+				(urns.iter().map(|u| cwd.join(u._deref()._as_path())).collect(), vec![])
+			}
+			Self::Updating(cwd, urns) | Self::Upserting(cwd, urns) => urns
+				.iter()
+				.filter(|&(u, f)| u != f.urn())
+				.map(|(u, f)| (cwd.join(u._deref()._as_path()), f))
+				.filter(|(u, _)| contains(u))
+				.map(|(u, f)| (u, f.url_owned()))
+				.unzip(),
+			_ => (vec![], vec![]),
+		}
+	}
 }
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/fs/path.rs b/yazi-shared/src/fs/path.rs
index 238f44ed5..64a150b46 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/fs/path.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/fs/path.rs
@@ -72,8 +72,6 @@ fn _expand_path(p: &Path) -> PathBuf {
 	}
 }
 
-// FIXME: should return a `std::io::Result` to handle errors such as
-// permission denied
 pub async fn unique_name(mut u: Url) -> Url {
 	let Some(stem) = u.file_stem().map(|s| s.to_owned()) else {
 		return u;
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/fs/url.rs b/yazi-shared/src/fs/url.rs
index a1f1b525c..d89b49c3b 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/fs/url.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/fs/url.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use std::{ffi::{OsStr, OsString}, fmt::{Debug, Display, Formatter}, ops::{Deref,
 use percent_encoding::{percent_decode_str, percent_encode, AsciiSet, CONTROLS};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use super::Loc;
+use super::{Loc, UrnBuf};
 
 const ENCODE_SET: &AsciiSet = &CONTROLS.add(b'#');
 
@@ -150,6 +150,12 @@ impl Url {
 		})
 	}
 
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn pair(&self) -> Option<(Self, UrnBuf)> {
+		let urn = UrnBuf::_from(self.path.file_name()?);
+		Some((self.parent_url()?, urn))
+	}
+
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn strip_prefix(&self, base: impl AsRef<Path>) -> Option<&Path> {
 		self.path.strip_prefix(base).ok()
@@ -158,12 +164,6 @@ impl Url {
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn into_os_string(self) -> OsString { self.path.into_os_string() }
 
-	#[cfg(unix)]
-	#[inline]
-	pub fn is_hidden(&self) -> bool {
-		self.file_name().map_or(false, |s| s.as_encoded_bytes().starts_with(b"."))
-	}
-
 	#[inline]
 	pub fn to_loc(&self, cwd: &Url) -> Loc { self.clone().into_loc(cwd) }
 
diff --git a/yazi-shared/src/fs/urn.rs b/yazi-shared/src/fs/urn.rs
index 086ca8a6b..c4b6d66f7 100644
--- a/yazi-shared/src/fs/urn.rs
+++ b/yazi-shared/src/fs/urn.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-use std::{borrow::Borrow, path::{Path, PathBuf}};
+use std::{borrow::Borrow, ffi::OsStr, path::{Path, PathBuf}};
 
-#[derive(Debug, Eq, PartialEq)]
+#[derive(Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 #[repr(transparent)]
 pub struct Urn(Path);
 
@@ -10,7 +10,16 @@ impl Urn {
 		unsafe { &*(p.as_ref() as *const Path as *const Self) }
 	}
 
-	// FIXME: remove this
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn name(&self) -> Option<&OsStr> { self.0.file_name() }
+
+	#[cfg(unix)]
+	#[inline]
+	pub fn is_hidden(&self) -> bool {
+		self.name().map_or(false, |s| s.as_encoded_bytes().starts_with(b"."))
+	}
+
+	// FIXME 1: remove this
 	pub fn _as_path(&self) -> &Path { &self.0 }
 }
 
@@ -21,13 +30,21 @@ impl ToOwned for Urn {
 }
 
 // --- UrnBuf
+#[derive(Clone, Debug, Eq, PartialEq, Hash)]
 pub struct UrnBuf(PathBuf);
 
 impl Borrow<Urn> for UrnBuf {
 	fn borrow(&self) -> &Urn { Urn::new(&self.0) }
 }
 
+impl PartialEq<Urn> for UrnBuf {
+	fn eq(&self, other: &Urn) -> bool { self.0 == other.0 }
+}
+
 impl UrnBuf {
-	// FIXME: remove this
+	// FIXME 1: remove this
 	pub fn _deref(&self) -> &Urn { Urn::new(&self.0) }
+
+	// FIXME 1: remove this
+	pub fn _from(p: impl Into<PathBuf>) -> Self { Self(p.into()) }
 }