diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index c23172893e..0bf7acb7c4 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ Nevertheless, we describe them below.
 ### Improved parameter edge-case handling in KeyedVectors most_similar and most_similar_cosmul methods
 
 We now handle both ``positive`` and ``negative`` keyword parameters consistently.
-These parameters typically specify 
 They may now be either:
 
 1. A string, in which case the value is reinterpreted as a list of one element (the string value)
@@ -28,7 +27,7 @@ So you can now simply do:
 ```python
     model.most_similar(positive='war', negative='peace')
 ```
-    
+
 instead of the slightly more involved
 
 ```python
@@ -73,7 +72,7 @@ Plus a large number of smaller improvements and fixes, as usual.
 * [#3091](https://github.com/RaRe-Technologies/gensim/pull/3091): LsiModel: Only log top words that actually exist in the dictionary, by [@kmurphy4](https://github.com/kmurphy4)
 * [#2980](https://github.com/RaRe-Technologies/gensim/pull/2980): Added EnsembleLda for stable LDA topics, by [@sezanzeb](https://github.com/sezanzeb)
 * [#2978](https://github.com/RaRe-Technologies/gensim/pull/2978): Optimize performance of Author-Topic model, by [@horpto](https://github.com/horpto)
-
+* [#3000](https://github.com/RaRe-Technologies/gensim/pull/3000): Tidy up KeyedVectors.most_similar() API, by [@simonwiles](https://github.com/simonwiles)
 
 ### :books: Tutorials and docs
 
diff --git a/gensim/models/keyedvectors.py b/gensim/models/keyedvectors.py
index b4620abb81..b5debb21c1 100644
--- a/gensim/models/keyedvectors.py
+++ b/gensim/models/keyedvectors.py
@@ -189,7 +189,21 @@
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
-KEY_TYPES = (str, int, np.integer)
+_KEY_TYPES = (str, int, np.integer)
+
+_EXTENDED_KEY_TYPES = (str, int, np.integer, np.ndarray)
+
+
+def _ensure_list(value):
+    """Ensure that the specified value is wrapped in a list, for those supported cases
+    where we also accept a single key or vector."""
+    if value is None:
+        return []
+
+    if isinstance(value, _KEY_TYPES) or (isinstance(value, ndarray) and len(value.shape) == 1):
+        return [value]
+
+    return value
 
 
 class KeyedVectors(utils.SaveLoad):
@@ -377,7 +391,7 @@ def __getitem__(self, key_or_keys):
             Vector representation for `key_or_keys` (1D if `key_or_keys` is single key, otherwise - 2D).
 
         """
-        if isinstance(key_or_keys, KEY_TYPES):
+        if isinstance(key_or_keys, _KEY_TYPES):
             return self.get_vector(key_or_keys)
 
         return vstack([self.get_vector(key) for key in key_or_keys])
@@ -491,7 +505,7 @@ def add_vectors(self, keys, weights, extras=None, replace=False):
             if True - replace vectors, otherwise - keep old vectors.
 
         """
-        if isinstance(keys, KEY_TYPES):
+        if isinstance(keys, _KEY_TYPES):
             keys = [keys]
             weights = np.array(weights).reshape(1, -1)
         elif isinstance(weights, list):
@@ -729,10 +743,9 @@ def most_similar(
         if isinstance(topn, Integral) and topn < 1:
             return []
 
-        if positive is None:
-            positive = []
-        if negative is None:
-            negative = []
+        # allow passing a single string-key or vector for the positive/negative arguments
+        positive = _ensure_list(positive)
+        negative = _ensure_list(negative)
 
         self.fill_norms()
         clip_end = clip_end or len(self.vectors)
@@ -741,18 +754,14 @@ def most_similar(
             clip_start = 0
             clip_end = restrict_vocab
 
-        if isinstance(positive, KEY_TYPES) and not negative:
-            # allow calls like most_similar('dog'), as a shorthand for most_similar(['dog'])
-            positive = [positive]
-
         # add weights for each key, if not already present; default to 1.0 for positive and -1.0 for negative keys
         positive = [
-            (item, 1.0) if isinstance(item, KEY_TYPES + (ndarray,))
-            else item for item in positive
+            (item, 1.0) if isinstance(item, _EXTENDED_KEY_TYPES) else item
+            for item in positive
         ]
         negative = [
-            (item, -1.0) if isinstance(item, KEY_TYPES + (ndarray,))
-            else item for item in negative
+            (item, -1.0) if isinstance(item, _EXTENDED_KEY_TYPES) else item
+            for item in negative
         ]
 
         # compute the weighted average of all keys
@@ -969,21 +978,16 @@ def most_similar_cosmul(self, positive=None, negative=None, topn=10):
         if isinstance(topn, Integral) and topn < 1:
             return []
 
-        if positive is None:
-            positive = []
-        if negative is None:
-            negative = []
+        # allow passing a single string-key or vector for the positive/negative arguments
+        positive = _ensure_list(positive)
+        negative = _ensure_list(negative)
 
         self.fill_norms()
 
-        if isinstance(positive, str) and not negative:
-            # allow calls like most_similar_cosmul('dog'), as a shorthand for most_similar_cosmul(['dog'])
-            positive = [positive]
-
         all_words = {
             self.get_index(word) for word in positive + negative
             if not isinstance(word, ndarray) and word in self.key_to_index
-            }
+        }
 
         positive = [
             self.get_vector(word, norm=True) if isinstance(word, str) else word
@@ -1101,7 +1105,7 @@ def distances(self, word_or_vector, other_words=()):
             If either `word_or_vector` or any word in `other_words` is absent from vocab.
 
         """
-        if isinstance(word_or_vector, KEY_TYPES):
+        if isinstance(word_or_vector, _KEY_TYPES):
             input_vector = self.get_vector(word_or_vector)
         else:
             input_vector = word_or_vector
diff --git a/gensim/test/test_keyedvectors.py b/gensim/test/test_keyedvectors.py
index d16b6bd9df..d5eda547ea 100644
--- a/gensim/test/test_keyedvectors.py
+++ b/gensim/test/test_keyedvectors.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 Automated tests for checking the poincare module from the models package.
 """
 
+import functools
 import logging
 import unittest
 
@@ -39,6 +40,44 @@ def test_most_similar(self):
         predicted = [result[0] for result in self.vectors.most_similar('war', topn=5)]
         self.assertEqual(expected, predicted)
 
+    def test_most_similar_vector(self):
+        """Can we pass vectors to most_similar directly?"""
+        positive = self.vectors.vectors[0:5]
+        most_similar = self.vectors.most_similar(positive=positive)
+        assert most_similar is not None
+
+    def test_most_similar_parameter_types(self):
+        """Are the positive/negative parameter types are getting interpreted correctly?"""
+        partial = functools.partial(self.vectors.most_similar, topn=5)
+
+        position = partial('war', 'peace')
+        position_list = partial(['war'], ['peace'])
+        keyword = partial(positive='war', negative='peace')
+        keyword_list = partial(positive=['war'], negative=['peace'])
+
+        #
+        # The above calls should all yield identical results.
+        #
+        assert position == position_list
+        assert position == keyword
+        assert position == keyword_list
+
+    def test_most_similar_cosmul_parameter_types(self):
+        """Are the positive/negative parameter types are getting interpreted correctly?"""
+        partial = functools.partial(self.vectors.most_similar_cosmul, topn=5)
+
+        position = partial('war', 'peace')
+        position_list = partial(['war'], ['peace'])
+        keyword = partial(positive='war', negative='peace')
+        keyword_list = partial(positive=['war'], negative=['peace'])
+
+        #
+        # The above calls should all yield identical results.
+        #
+        assert position == position_list
+        assert position == keyword
+        assert position == keyword_list
+
     def test_vectors_for_all_list(self):
         """Test vectors_for_all returns expected results with a list of keys."""
         words = [