gdb: fix dealloc function not being called for frame 0

Tom de Vries reported [1] a regression in gdb.btrace/record_goto.exp
caused by 6d3717d ("gdb: call frame unwinders' dealloc_cache methods
through destroying the frame cache").  This issue is caught by ASan.  On
a non-ASan build, it may or may not cause a crash or some other issue, I
haven't tried.

I managed to narrow it down to:

    $ ./gdb -nx -q --data-directory=data-directory testsuite/outputs/gdb.btrace/record_goto/record_goto -ex "start" -ex "record btrace" -ex "next"

... and then doing repeatedly "record goto 19" and "record goto 27".
Eventually, I get:

    (gdb) record goto 27
    =================================================================
    ==1527735==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-use-after-free on address 0x6210003392a8 at pc 0x55e4c26eef86 bp 0x7ffd229f24e0 sp 0x7ffd229f24d8
    READ of size 8 at 0x6210003392a8 thread T0
        #0 0x55e4c26eef85 in bfcache_eq /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/record-btrace.c:1639
        #1 0x55e4c37cdeff in htab_find_slot_with_hash /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/libiberty/hashtab.c:659
        #2 0x55e4c37ce24a in htab_find_slot /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/libiberty/hashtab.c:703
        #3 0x55e4c26ef0c6 in bfcache_new /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/record-btrace.c:1653
        #4 0x55e4c26f1242 in record_btrace_frame_sniffer /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/record-btrace.c:1820
        #5 0x55e4c1b926a1 in frame_unwind_try_unwinder /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/frame-unwind.c:136
        #6 0x55e4c1b930d7 in frame_unwind_find_by_frame(frame_info_ptr, void**) /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/frame-unwind.c:196
        #7 0x55e4c1bb867f in get_frame_type(frame_info_ptr) /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/frame.c:2925
        #8 0x55e4c2ae6798 in print_frame_info(frame_print_options const&, frame_info_ptr, int, print_what, int, int) /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/stack.c:1049
        #9 0x55e4c2ade3e1 in print_stack_frame(frame_info_ptr, int, print_what, int) /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/stack.c:367
        #10 0x55e4c26fda03 in record_btrace_set_replay /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/record-btrace.c:2779
        #11 0x55e4c26fddc3 in record_btrace_target::goto_record(unsigned long) /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/record-btrace.c:2843
        #12 0x55e4c2de2bb2 in target_goto_record(unsigned long) /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/target.c:4169
        #13 0x55e4c275ed98 in record_goto(char const*) /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/record.c:372
        #14 0x55e4c275edba in cmd_record_goto /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/record.c:383

    0x6210003392a8 is located 424 bytes inside of 4064-byte region [0x621000339100,0x62100033a0e0)
    freed by thread T0 here:
        #0 0x7f6ca34a5b6f in __interceptor_free ../../../../src/libsanitizer/asan/asan_malloc_linux.cpp:123
        #1 0x55e4c38a4c17 in rpl_free /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gnulib/import/free.c:44
        #2 0x55e4c1bbd378 in xfree<void> /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/../gdbsupport/gdb-xfree.h:37
        #3 0x55e4c37d1b63 in call_freefun /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/libiberty/obstack.c:103
        #4 0x55e4c37d25a2 in _obstack_free /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/libiberty/obstack.c:280
        #5 0x55e4c1bad701 in reinit_frame_cache() /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/frame.c:2112
        #6 0x55e4c27705a3 in registers_changed_ptid(process_stratum_target*, ptid_t) /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/regcache.c:564
        #7 0x55e4c27708c7 in registers_changed_thread(thread_info*) /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/regcache.c:573
        #8 0x55e4c26fd922 in record_btrace_set_replay /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/record-btrace.c:2772
        #9 0x55e4c26fddc3 in record_btrace_target::goto_record(unsigned long) /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/record-btrace.c:2843
        #10 0x55e4c2de2bb2 in target_goto_record(unsigned long) /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/target.c:4169
        #11 0x55e4c275ed98 in record_goto(char const*) /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/record.c:372
        #12 0x55e4c275edba in cmd_record_goto /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/record.c:383

    previously allocated by thread T0 here:
        #0 0x7f6ca34a5e8f in __interceptor_malloc ../../../../src/libsanitizer/asan/asan_malloc_linux.cpp:145
        #1 0x55e4c0b55c60 in xmalloc /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/alloc.c:57
        #2 0x55e4c37d1a6d in call_chunkfun /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/libiberty/obstack.c:94
        #3 0x55e4c37d1c20 in _obstack_begin_worker /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/libiberty/obstack.c:141
        #4 0x55e4c37d1ed7 in _obstack_begin /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/libiberty/obstack.c:164
        #5 0x55e4c1bad728 in reinit_frame_cache() /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/frame.c:2113
        #6 0x55e4c27705a3 in registers_changed_ptid(process_stratum_target*, ptid_t) /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/regcache.c:564
        #7 0x55e4c27708c7 in registers_changed_thread(thread_info*) /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/regcache.c:573
        #8 0x55e4c26fd922 in record_btrace_set_replay /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/record-btrace.c:2772
        #9 0x55e4c26fddc3 in record_btrace_target::goto_record(unsigned long) /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/record-btrace.c:2843
        #10 0x55e4c2de2bb2 in target_goto_record(unsigned long) /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/target.c:4169
        #11 0x55e4c275ed98 in record_goto(char const*) /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/record.c:372
        #12 0x55e4c275edba in cmd_record_goto /home/simark/src/binutils-gdb/gdb/record.c:383

The problem is a stale entry in the bfcache hash table (in
record-btrace.c), left across a reinit_frame_cache.  This entry points
to something that used to be allocated on the frame obstack, that has
since been wiped by reinit_frame_cache.

Before the aforementioned, unwinder deallocation functions were called
by iterating on the frame chain, starting with the sentinel frame, like
so:

  /* Tear down all frame caches.  */
  for (frame_info *fi = sentinel_frame; fi != NULL; fi = fi->prev)
    {
      if (fi->prologue_cache && fi->unwind->dealloc_cache)
	fi->unwind->dealloc_cache (fi, fi->prologue_cache);
      if (fi->base_cache && fi->base->unwind->dealloc_cache)
	fi->base->unwind->dealloc_cache (fi, fi->base_cache);
    }

After that patch, we relied on the fact that all frames are (supposedly)
in the frame_stash.  A deletion function was added to the frame_stash
hash table, so that dealloc functions would be called when emptying the
frame stash.  There is one case, however, where a frame_info is not in
the frame stash.  That is when we create the frame_info for the current
frame (level 0, unwound from the sentinel frame), but don't compute its
frame id.  The computation of the frame id for that frame (and only that
frame, AFAIK) is done lazily.  And putting a frame_info in the frame stash
requires knowing its id.  So a frame 0 whose frame id is not computed
yet is necessarily not in the frame stash.

When replaying with btrace, record_btrace_frame_sniffer insert entries
corresponding to frames in the "bfcache" hash table.  It then relies on
record_btrace_frame_dealloc_cache being called for each frame to remove
all those entries when the frames get invalidated.  If a frame reinit
happens while frame 0's id is not computed  (and therefore that frame is
not in frame_stash), record_btrace_frame_dealloc_cache does not get
called for it, and it leaves a stale entry in bfcache.  That then leads
to a use-after-free when that entry is accessed later, which ASan
catches.

The proposed solution is to explicitly call frame_info_del on frame 0,
if it exists, and if its frame id is not computed.  If its frame id is
computed, it is expected that it will be in the frame stash, so it will
be "deleted" through that.

[1] https://inbox.sourceware.org/gdb-patches/20230130200249.131155-1-simon.marchi@efficios.com/T/#mcf1340ce2906a72ec7ed535ec0c97dba11c3d977

Reported-By: Tom de Vries <tdevries@suse.de>
Tested-By: Tom de Vries <tdevries@suse.de>
Change-Id: I2351882dd511f3bbc01e4152e9db13b69b3ba384

gdb/frame.c

@@ -265,10 +265,8 @@ frame_addr_hash_eq (const void *a, const void *b)
 /* Deletion function for the frame cache hash table.  */
 
 static void
-frame_info_del (void *frame_v)
+frame_info_del (frame_info *frame)
 {
-  frame_info *frame = (frame_info *) frame_v;
-
   if (frame->prologue_cache != nullptr
       && frame->unwind->dealloc_cache != nullptr)
     frame->unwind->dealloc_cache (frame, frame->prologue_cache);
@@ -284,10 +282,13 @@ frame_info_del (void *frame_v)
 static void
 frame_stash_create (void)
 {
-  frame_stash = htab_create (100,
-			     frame_addr_hash,
-			     frame_addr_hash_eq,
-			     frame_info_del);
+  frame_stash = htab_create
+    (100, frame_addr_hash, frame_addr_hash_eq,
+     [] (void *p)
+       {
+	 auto frame = static_cast<frame_info *> (p);
+	 frame_info_del (frame);
+       });
 }
 
 /* Internal function to add a frame to the frame_stash hash table.
@@ -2105,7 +2106,19 @@ reinit_frame_cache (void)
   invalidate_selected_frame ();
 
   /* Invalidate cache.  */
-  sentinel_frame = NULL;
+  if (sentinel_frame != nullptr)
+    {
+      /* If frame 0's id is not computed, it is not in the frame stash, so its
+	 dealloc functions will not be called when emptying the frash stash.
+	 Call frame_info_del manually in that case.  */
+      frame_info *current_frame = sentinel_frame->prev;
+      if (current_frame != nullptr
+	  && current_frame->this_id.p == frame_id_status::NOT_COMPUTED)
+	frame_info_del (current_frame);
+
+      sentinel_frame = nullptr;
+    }
+
   frame_stash_invalidate ();
 
   /* Since we can't really be sure what the first object allocated was.  */