diff --git a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts
index 4b28e810ab2c6e..1c689c8220e37f 100644
--- a/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts
+++ b/packages/vite/src/node/plugins/resolve.ts
@@ -1101,8 +1101,6 @@ function resolveExportsOrImports(
         return options.isProduction
       case 'development':
         return !options.isProduction
-      case 'module':
-        return !options.isRequire
     }
     return true
   })
diff --git a/playground/resolve/__tests__/resolve.spec.ts b/playground/resolve/__tests__/resolve.spec.ts
index fa274846b4d869..90d02a761258e6 100644
--- a/playground/resolve/__tests__/resolve.spec.ts
+++ b/playground/resolve/__tests__/resolve.spec.ts
@@ -67,6 +67,15 @@ test('Respect exports to take precedence over mainFields', async () => {
   expect(await page.textContent('.exports-with-module')).toMatch('[success]')
 })
 
+test('import and require resolve using module condition', async () => {
+  expect(await page.textContent('.exports-with-module-condition')).toMatch(
+    '[success]',
+  )
+  expect(
+    await page.textContent('.exports-with-module-condition-required'),
+  ).toMatch('[success]')
+})
+
 test('implicit dir/index.js', async () => {
   expect(await page.textContent('.index')).toMatch('[success]')
 })
diff --git a/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition-required/index.js b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition-required/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..b06508a52c8cc2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition-required/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+/* eslint-disable import/no-commonjs */
+const { msg } = require('@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition')
+module.exports = { msg }
diff --git a/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition-required/package.json b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition-required/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..3920a875778ba1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition-required/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+{
+  "name": "@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition-required",
+  "private": true,
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "main": "index.js",
+  "dependencies": {
+    "@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition": "link:../exports-with-module-condition"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/index.esm.js b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/index.esm.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..f1e0b54ee0c7ac
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/index.esm.js
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export const msg = '[success] exports with module condition (index.esm.js)'
diff --git a/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/index.js b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/index.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..6465a8c55084c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/index.js
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+/* eslint-disable import/no-commonjs */
+module.exports.msg = '[fail] exports with module condition (index.js)'
diff --git a/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/index.mjs b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/index.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..1696a05425e35f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/index.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+export const msg = '[fail] exports with module condition (index.mjs)'
diff --git a/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/package.json b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/package.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..92a8f2dd2d1f80
--- /dev/null
+++ b/playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition/package.json
@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+{
+  "name": "@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition",
+  "private": true,
+  "version": "1.0.0",
+  "exports": {
+    "module": "./index.esm.js",
+    "import": "./index.mjs",
+    "require": "./index.js"
+  }
+}
diff --git a/playground/resolve/index.html b/playground/resolve/index.html
index 3aba3224c4822c..64d9306266a68d 100644
--- a/playground/resolve/index.html
+++ b/playground/resolve/index.html
@@ -36,6 +36,13 @@ <h2>Exports with legacy fallback</h2>
 <h2>Exports with module</h2>
 <p class="exports-with-module">fail</p>
 
+<h2>
+  Both import and require resolve using module condition (avoids dual package
+  hazard)
+</h2>
+<p class="exports-with-module-condition">fail</p>
+<p class="exports-with-module-condition-required">fail</p>
+
 <h2>Resolving top level with imports field</h2>
 <p class="imports-top-level">fail</p>
 
@@ -214,6 +221,14 @@ <h2>resolve package that contains # in path</h2>
   import { msg as exportsWithModule } from '@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module'
   text('.exports-with-module', exportsWithModule)
 
+  import { msg as exportsWithModuleCondition } from '@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition'
+  import { msg as exportsWithModuleConditionRequired } from '@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition-required'
+  text('.exports-with-module-condition', exportsWithModuleCondition)
+  text(
+    '.exports-with-module-condition-required',
+    exportsWithModuleConditionRequired,
+  )
+
   // imports field
   import { msg as importsTopLevel } from '#top-level'
   text('.imports-top-level', importsTopLevel)
diff --git a/playground/resolve/package.json b/playground/resolve/package.json
index 3e4a231a05582f..6e3a7d50b86a63 100644
--- a/playground/resolve/package.json
+++ b/playground/resolve/package.json
@@ -34,6 +34,8 @@
     "@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-legacy-fallback": "link:./exports-legacy-fallback",
     "@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-path": "link:./exports-path",
     "@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module": "link:./exports-with-module",
+    "@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition": "link:./exports-with-module-condition",
+    "@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition-required": "link:./exports-with-module-condition-required",
     "@vitejs/test-resolve-linked": "workspace:*",
     "@vitejs/test-resolve-imports-pkg": "link:./imports-path/other-pkg",
     "@vitejs/test-resolve-sharp-dir": "link:./sharp-dir"
diff --git a/playground/resolve/vite.config.js b/playground/resolve/vite.config.js
index 5f2ba3e2e70df7..f4d923d1a05ae0 100644
--- a/playground/resolve/vite.config.js
+++ b/playground/resolve/vite.config.js
@@ -102,6 +102,7 @@ export default defineConfig({
   ],
   optimizeDeps: {
     include: [
+      '@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition-required',
       '@vitejs/test-require-pkg-with-module-field',
       '@vitejs/test-resolve-sharp-dir',
     ],
diff --git a/pnpm-lock.yaml b/pnpm-lock.yaml
index e0c939e96c82cf..47b461f31bcd95 100644
--- a/pnpm-lock.yaml
+++ b/pnpm-lock.yaml
@@ -271,7 +271,7 @@ importers:
         version: 15.0.2(rollup@3.21.0)
       '@rollup/plugin-typescript':
         specifier: ^11.1.0
-        version: 11.1.0(rollup@3.21.0)(tslib@2.5.0)(typescript@5.0.2)
+        version: 11.1.0(rollup@3.21.0)(tslib@2.5.0)
       '@rollup/pluginutils':
         specifier: ^5.0.2
         version: 5.0.2(rollup@3.21.0)
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ importers:
         version: 1.0.1
       tsconfck:
         specifier: ^2.1.1
-        version: 2.1.1(typescript@5.0.2)
+        version: 2.1.1
       tslib:
         specifier: ^2.5.0
         version: 2.5.0
@@ -467,7 +467,7 @@ importers:
         version: 1.62.0
       tailwindcss:
         specifier: ^3.3.1
-        version: 3.3.1(ts-node@10.9.1)
+        version: 3.3.1
 
   playground/build-old: {}
 
@@ -1024,6 +1024,12 @@ importers:
       '@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module':
         specifier: link:./exports-with-module
         version: link:exports-with-module
+      '@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition':
+        specifier: link:./exports-with-module-condition
+        version: link:exports-with-module-condition
+      '@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition-required':
+        specifier: link:./exports-with-module-condition-required
+        version: link:exports-with-module-condition-required
       '@vitejs/test-resolve-imports-pkg':
         specifier: link:./imports-path/other-pkg
         version: link:imports-path/other-pkg
@@ -1085,6 +1091,14 @@ importers:
 
   playground/resolve/exports-with-module: {}
 
+  playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition: {}
+
+  playground/resolve/exports-with-module-condition-required:
+    dependencies:
+      '@vitejs/test-resolve-exports-with-module-condition':
+        specifier: link:../exports-with-module-condition
+        version: link:../exports-with-module-condition
+
   playground/resolve/imports-path/other-pkg: {}
 
   playground/resolve/inline-package: {}
@@ -1331,16 +1345,16 @@ importers:
     devDependencies:
       '@vitejs/plugin-vue':
         specifier: ^4.1.0
-        version: 4.1.0(vite@packages+vite)(vue@3.2.47)
+        version: 4.1.0(vue@3.2.47)
       ts-node:
         specifier: ^10.9.1
-        version: 10.9.1(@types/node@18.15.12)(typescript@5.0.2)
+        version: 10.9.1
 
   playground/tailwind-sourcemap:
     dependencies:
       tailwindcss:
         specifier: ^3.3.1
-        version: 3.3.1(ts-node@10.9.1)
+        version: 3.3.1
 
   playground/transform-plugin: {}
 
@@ -3461,6 +3475,25 @@ packages:
       rollup: 3.21.0
     dev: true
 
+  /@rollup/plugin-typescript@11.1.0(rollup@3.21.0)(tslib@2.5.0):
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-86flrfE+bSHB69znnTV6kVjkncs2LBMhcTCyxWgRxLyfXfQrxg4UwlAqENnjrrxnSNS/XKCDJCl8EkdFJVHOxw==}
+    engines: {node: '>=14.0.0'}
+    peerDependencies:
+      rollup: ^2.14.0||^3.0.0
+      tslib: '*'
+      typescript: '>=3.7.0'
+    peerDependenciesMeta:
+      rollup:
+        optional: true
+      tslib:
+        optional: true
+    dependencies:
+      '@rollup/pluginutils': 5.0.2(rollup@3.21.0)
+      resolve: 1.22.2
+      rollup: 3.21.0
+      tslib: 2.5.0
+    dev: true
+
   /@rollup/plugin-typescript@11.1.0(rollup@3.21.0)(tslib@2.5.0)(typescript@5.0.2):
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-86flrfE+bSHB69znnTV6kVjkncs2LBMhcTCyxWgRxLyfXfQrxg4UwlAqENnjrrxnSNS/XKCDJCl8EkdFJVHOxw==}
     engines: {node: '>=14.0.0'}
@@ -3692,6 +3725,7 @@ packages:
 
   /@types/node@18.15.12:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Wha1UwsB3CYdqUm2PPzh/1gujGCNtWVUYF0mB00fJFoR4gTyWTDPjSm+zBF787Ahw8vSGgBja90MkgFwvB86Dg==}
+    dev: true
 
   /@types/node@18.15.5:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Ark2WDjjZO7GmvsyFFf81MXuGTA/d6oP38anyxWOL6EREyBKAxKoFHwBhaZxCfLRLpO8JgVXwqOwSwa7jRcjew==}
@@ -3891,6 +3925,16 @@ packages:
       vue: 3.2.47
     dev: true
 
+  /@vitejs/plugin-vue@4.1.0(vue@3.2.47):
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-++9JOAFdcXI3lyer9UKUV4rfoQ3T1RN8yDqoCLar86s0xQct5yblxAE+yWgRnU5/0FOlVCpTZpYSBV/bGWrSrQ==}
+    engines: {node: ^14.18.0 || >=16.0.0}
+    peerDependencies:
+      vite: ^4.0.0
+      vue: ^3.2.25
+    dependencies:
+      vue: 3.2.47
+    dev: true
+
   /@vitejs/release-scripts@1.2.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-HdLOS/BQtavOis+VvT1517y7a5jYEMuBIybnL1F1Pd7vIXkFYPdo0vSKtnDBILOHhFT27SYist4BFkppDvsBnA==}
     dependencies:
@@ -4331,7 +4375,7 @@ packages:
   /axios@1.3.6:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-PEcdkk7JcdPiMDkvM4K6ZBRYq9keuVJsToxm2zQIM70Qqo2WHTdJZMXcG9X+RmRp2VPNUQC8W1RAGbgt6b1yMg==}
     dependencies:
-      follow-redirects: 1.15.0(debug@4.3.4)
+      follow-redirects: 1.15.0
       form-data: 4.0.0
       proxy-from-env: 1.1.0
     transitivePeerDependencies:
@@ -6137,7 +6181,7 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-WIWGi2L3DyTUvUrwRKgGi9TwxQMUEqPOPQBVi71R96jZXJdFskXEmf54BoZaS1kknGODoIGASGEzBUYdyMCBJg==}
     dev: true
 
-  /follow-redirects@1.15.0(debug@4.3.4):
+  /follow-redirects@1.15.0:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-aExlJShTV4qOUOL7yF1U5tvLCB0xQuudbf6toyYA0E/acBNw71mvjFTnLaRp50aQaYocMR0a/RMMBIHeZnGyjQ==}
     engines: {node: '>=4.0'}
     peerDependencies:
@@ -6145,8 +6189,6 @@ packages:
     peerDependenciesMeta:
       debug:
         optional: true
-    dependencies:
-      debug: 4.3.4
 
   /for-each@0.3.3:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-jqYfLp7mo9vIyQf8ykW2v7A+2N4QjeCeI5+Dz9XraiO1ign81wjiH7Fb9vSOWvQfNtmSa4H2RoQTrrXivdUZmw==}
@@ -6579,7 +6621,7 @@ packages:
     engines: {node: '>=8.0.0'}
     dependencies:
       eventemitter3: 4.0.7
-      follow-redirects: 1.15.0(debug@4.3.4)
+      follow-redirects: 1.15.0
       requires-port: 1.0.0
     transitivePeerDependencies:
       - debug
@@ -8208,6 +8250,22 @@ packages:
       camelcase-css: 2.0.1
       postcss: 8.4.23
 
+  /postcss-load-config@3.1.4(postcss@8.4.23):
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-6DiM4E7v4coTE4uzA8U//WhtPwyhiim3eyjEMFCnUpzbrkK9wJHgKDT2mR+HbtSrd/NubVaYTOpSpjUl8NQeRg==}
+    engines: {node: '>= 10'}
+    peerDependencies:
+      postcss: '>=8.0.9'
+      ts-node: '>=9.0.0'
+    peerDependenciesMeta:
+      postcss:
+        optional: true
+      ts-node:
+        optional: true
+    dependencies:
+      lilconfig: 2.1.0
+      postcss: 8.4.23
+      yaml: 1.10.2
+
   /postcss-load-config@3.1.4(postcss@8.4.23)(ts-node@10.9.1):
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-6DiM4E7v4coTE4uzA8U//WhtPwyhiim3eyjEMFCnUpzbrkK9wJHgKDT2mR+HbtSrd/NubVaYTOpSpjUl8NQeRg==}
     engines: {node: '>= 10'}
@@ -8222,8 +8280,9 @@ packages:
     dependencies:
       lilconfig: 2.1.0
       postcss: 8.4.23
-      ts-node: 10.9.1(@types/node@18.15.12)(typescript@5.0.2)
+      ts-node: 10.9.1
       yaml: 1.10.2
+    dev: false
 
   /postcss-load-config@4.0.1(postcss@8.4.23):
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-vEJIc8RdiBRu3oRAI0ymerOn+7rPuMvRXslTvZUKZonDHFIczxztIyJ1urxM1x9JXEikvpWWTUUqal5j/8QgvA==}
@@ -9413,6 +9472,38 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-8ftwWd+XnQtZ/aGbatrN4QFNGrKJzmbtixW+ODpci7pyoTajg4sonPP8aFLESAcuVxaC1FyDESt+SpfFCH9rZQ==}
     dev: false
 
+  /tailwindcss@3.3.1:
+    resolution: {integrity: sha512-Vkiouc41d4CEq0ujXl6oiGFQ7bA3WEhUZdTgXAhtKxSy49OmKs8rEfQmupsfF0IGW8fv2iQkp1EVUuapCFrZ9g==}
+    engines: {node: '>=12.13.0'}
+    hasBin: true
+    dependencies:
+      arg: 5.0.2
+      chokidar: 3.5.3(patch_hash=dzxbf3kgof5pdmbsyih2x43sq4)
+      color-name: 1.1.4
+      didyoumean: 1.2.2
+      dlv: 1.1.3
+      fast-glob: 3.2.12
+      glob-parent: 6.0.2
+      is-glob: 4.0.3
+      jiti: 1.18.2
+      lilconfig: 2.1.0
+      micromatch: 4.0.5
+      normalize-path: 3.0.0
+      object-hash: 3.0.0
+      picocolors: 1.0.0
+      postcss: 8.4.23
+      postcss-import: 14.1.0(postcss@8.4.23)
+      postcss-js: 4.0.0(postcss@8.4.23)
+      postcss-load-config: 3.1.4(postcss@8.4.23)
+      postcss-nested: 6.0.0(postcss@8.4.23)
+      postcss-selector-parser: 6.0.11
+      postcss-value-parser: 4.2.0
+      quick-lru: 5.1.1
+      resolve: 1.22.2
+      sucrase: 3.32.0
+    transitivePeerDependencies:
+      - ts-node
+
   /tailwindcss@3.3.1(ts-node@10.9.1):
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Vkiouc41d4CEq0ujXl6oiGFQ7bA3WEhUZdTgXAhtKxSy49OmKs8rEfQmupsfF0IGW8fv2iQkp1EVUuapCFrZ9g==}
     engines: {node: '>=12.13.0'}
@@ -9444,6 +9535,7 @@ packages:
       sucrase: 3.32.0
     transitivePeerDependencies:
       - ts-node
+    dev: false
 
   /tar@6.1.11:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-an/KZQzQUkZCkuoAA64hM92X0Urb6VpRhAFllDzz44U2mcD5scmT3zBc4VgVpkugF580+DQn8eAFSyoQt0tznA==}
@@ -9589,7 +9681,7 @@ packages:
   /ts-interface-checker@0.1.13:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-Y/arvbn+rrz3JCKl9C4kVNfTfSm2/mEp5FSz5EsZSANGPSlQrpRI5M4PKF+mJnE52jOO90PnPSc3Ur3bTQw0gA==}
 
-  /ts-node@10.9.1(@types/node@18.15.12)(typescript@5.0.2):
+  /ts-node@10.9.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-NtVysVPkxxrwFGUUxGYhfux8k78pQB3JqYBXlLRZgdGUqTO5wU/UyHop5p70iEbGhB7q5KmiZiU0Y3KlJrScEw==}
     hasBin: true
     peerDependencies:
@@ -9608,18 +9700,16 @@ packages:
       '@tsconfig/node12': 1.0.9
       '@tsconfig/node14': 1.0.1
       '@tsconfig/node16': 1.0.2
-      '@types/node': 18.15.12
       acorn: 8.8.2
       acorn-walk: 8.2.0(acorn@8.8.2)
       arg: 4.1.3
       create-require: 1.1.1
       diff: 4.0.2
       make-error: 1.3.6
-      typescript: 5.0.2
       v8-compile-cache-lib: 3.0.1
       yn: 3.1.1
 
-  /tsconfck@2.1.1(typescript@5.0.2):
+  /tsconfck@2.1.1:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-ZPCkJBKASZBmBUNqGHmRhdhM8pJYDdOXp4nRgj/O0JwUwsMq50lCDRQP/M5GBNAA0elPrq4gAeu4dkaVCuKWww==}
     engines: {node: ^14.13.1 || ^16 || >=18}
     hasBin: true
@@ -9628,8 +9718,6 @@ packages:
     peerDependenciesMeta:
       typescript:
         optional: true
-    dependencies:
-      typescript: 5.0.2
     dev: true
 
   /tsconfig-paths@3.14.1:
@@ -9746,6 +9834,7 @@ packages:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-wVORMBGO/FAs/++blGNeAVdbNKtIh1rbBL2EyQ1+J9lClJ93KiiKe8PmFIVdXhHcyv44SL9oglmfeSsndo0jRw==}
     engines: {node: '>=12.20'}
     hasBin: true
+    dev: true
 
   /typescript@5.0.4:
     resolution: {integrity: sha512-cW9T5W9xY37cc+jfEnaUvX91foxtHkza3Nw3wkoF4sSlKn0MONdkdEndig/qPBWXNkmplh3NzayQzCiHM4/hqw==}