diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index 477f252edd2f9a..27ab3da8fb25c3 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@
     "rollup-plugin-web-worker-loader": "^1.3.1",
     "selfsigned": "^1.10.8",
     "slash": "^3.0.0",
+    "systemjs": "^6.7.1",
     "vue": "^3.0.2",
     "ws": "^7.3.1"
   },
diff --git a/src/node/build/buildPluginHtml.ts b/src/node/build/buildPluginHtml.ts
index da2f8739e9e4bc..e125c209f6224d 100644
--- a/src/node/build/buildPluginHtml.ts
+++ b/src/node/build/buildPluginHtml.ts
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ export const createBuildHtmlPlugin = async (
   inlineLimit: number,
   resolver: InternalResolver,
   shouldPreload: ((chunk: OutputChunk) => boolean) | null,
+  useSystemJs: boolean | string,
   config: UserConfig
 ) => {
   if (!fs.existsSync(indexPath)) {
@@ -80,11 +81,30 @@ export const createBuildHtmlPlugin = async (
     }
   }
 
+  const injectSystemJs = (html: string) => {
+    let tag: string
+    if (typeof useSystemJs === 'string') {
+      tag = `<script src="${useSystemJs}"></script>`
+    } else {
+      const systemJsRuntime = fs
+        .readFileSync(require.resolve('systemjs/dist/s.min.js'), 'utf8')
+        .replace(/\n\/\/# sourceMappingURL=[^\n]+\n$/, '')
+
+      tag = `<script>${systemJsRuntime}</script>`
+    }
+    if (/<\/head>/.test(html)) {
+      return html.replace(/<\/head>/, `${tag}\n</head>`)
+    }
+    return tag + '\n' + html
+  }
+
   const injectScript = (html: string, filename: string) => {
     filename = isExternalUrl(filename)
       ? filename
       : `${publicBasePath}${path.posix.join(assetsDir, filename)}`
-    const tag = `<script type="module" src="${filename}"></script>`
+    const tag = useSystemJs
+      ? `<script>System.import('${filename}');</script>`
+      : `<script type="module" src="${filename}"></script>`
     if (/<\/head>/.test(html)) {
       return html.replace(/<\/head>/, `${tag}\n</head>`)
     } else {
@@ -105,7 +125,7 @@ export const createBuildHtmlPlugin = async (
   }
 
   const renderIndex = async (bundleOutput: RollupOutput['output']) => {
-    let result = processedHtml
+    let result = useSystemJs ? injectSystemJs(processedHtml) : processedHtml
     for (const chunk of bundleOutput) {
       if (chunk.type === 'chunk') {
         if (chunk.isEntry) {
diff --git a/src/node/build/index.ts b/src/node/build/index.ts
index ce23db344d65a5..9a97aa2080765f 100644
--- a/src/node/build/index.ts
+++ b/src/node/build/index.ts
@@ -288,6 +288,7 @@ function prepareConfig(config: Partial<BuildConfig>): BuildConfig {
     rollupPluginVueOptions = {},
     root = process.cwd(),
     shouldPreload = null,
+    useSystemJs = false,
     silent = false,
     sourcemap = false,
     terserOptions = {},
@@ -330,6 +331,7 @@ function prepareConfig(config: Partial<BuildConfig>): BuildConfig {
     rollupPluginVueOptions,
     root,
     shouldPreload,
+    useSystemJs,
     silent,
     sourcemap,
     terserOptions,
@@ -365,6 +367,7 @@ export async function build(
     silent,
     sourcemap,
     shouldPreload,
+    useSystemJs,
     env,
     mode: configMode,
     define: userDefineReplacements,
@@ -405,6 +408,7 @@ export async function build(
     assetsInlineLimit,
     resolver,
     shouldPreload,
+    useSystemJs,
     options
   )
 
@@ -592,7 +596,7 @@ export async function build(
 
       await bundle[write ? 'write' : 'generate']({
         dir: resolvedAssetsPath,
-        format: 'es',
+        format: useSystemJs ? 'system' : 'es',
         sourcemap,
         entryFileNames: `[name].[hash].js`,
         chunkFileNames: `[name].[hash].js`,
diff --git a/src/node/config.ts b/src/node/config.ts
index 753e2eca6993af..96288179fa1e34 100644
--- a/src/node/config.ts
+++ b/src/node/config.ts
@@ -339,6 +339,30 @@ export interface BuildConfig extends Required<SharedConfig> {
    * @internal
    */
   ssr?: boolean
+  /**
+   * Set to `false` will produce modular javascript code,
+   * which requires browser's native ES module support,
+   * other options will use SystemJS to load each module instead.
+   * Set to `true` will insert the SystemJS runtime to a inline script tag,
+   * set to string will load the SystemJS runtime via CDN you specified.
+   *
+   * Example `vite.config.js`:
+   * ```js
+   * module.exports = {
+   *   // by default vite will not use SystemJS
+   *   useSystemJs: false,
+   *
+   *   // will insert a inline script tag contains SystemJS runtime
+   *   useSystemJs: true,
+   *
+   *   // will load SystemJS runtime via CDN
+   *   useSystemJs: '//unpkg.com/systemjs@6/dist/s.min.js',
+   * }
+   * ```
+   *
+   * @default false
+   */
+  useSystemJs: boolean | string
 
   // The following are API / config only and not documented in the CLI. --------
   /**
diff --git a/yarn.lock b/yarn.lock
index 84371e7b6d1d73..3d2ee5be841abc 100644
--- a/yarn.lock
+++ b/yarn.lock
@@ -6433,6 +6433,11 @@ symbol-tree@^3.2.4:
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/symbol-tree/-/symbol-tree-3.2.4.tgz#430637d248ba77e078883951fb9aa0eed7c63fa2"
   integrity sha512-9QNk5KwDF+Bvz+PyObkmSYjI5ksVUYtjW7AU22r2NKcfLJcXp96hkDWU3+XndOsUb+AQ9QhfzfCT2O+CNWT5Tw==
 
+systemjs@^6.7.1:
+  version "6.7.1"
+  resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/systemjs/-/systemjs-6.7.1.tgz#3db5036f450180a0701e078fbb5b434a690026f0"
+  integrity sha512-Q78H/SYy9ErC8PH8r9vA/FcQ3X+Hf33dOpx2JKP/Ma6f2gHuSScPFuCKZH+6CIj7EsIJlzODxSG4mMIpjOh5oA==
+
 tar-fs@^2.0.0:
   version "2.1.0"
   resolved "https://registry.yarnpkg.com/tar-fs/-/tar-fs-2.1.0.tgz#d1cdd121ab465ee0eb9ccde2d35049d3f3daf0d5"