A reified triple - may be the subject or - object of an - RDF triple.
- -A reified triple is syntactic sugar for a specific relationship between an
- identifier (reifier) and a triple term.
+ In RDF, triple terms are rarely used directly,
+ as they are generally restricted to be used
+ only as the object of a triple
+ using the `rdf:reifies` predicate.
+ Such a triple is called a reifying triple.
+ Turtle provides a shorthand notation for writing reifying triples
+ using the A Reifying Triples
+
+ reifiedTriple production.reifiedTriple
+ is syntactic sugar representing a reifying triple,
+ which defines a specific relationship between an
+ identifier (reifier)
+ and a triple term.
The identifier becomes a way to indirectly refer
to a triple term, which
may or may not be asserted within the graph corresponding to this input document.Reified Triples
RDF 1.2 uses the term to identify a triple term
using the `rdf:reifies` predicate.
A reified triple is represented using the +
A reifying triple is represented using the
reifiedTriple production
starting with <<,
followed by either a subject
@@ -854,7 +860,7 @@
Reified Triples may be nested, +
reifiedTriples may be nested,
like
`<< :subject1 :predicate1 << :subject2 :predicate2 :object2 >> ~:IRIREF1 >>`
or
`<< :subject4 :predicate4 << :subject3 :predicate3 :object3 ~:IRIREF3 >> >>`.
After declaring a prefix so that IRIs can be abbreviated,
the first triple in this example asserts that `employee38` has a `familyName` of "Smith".
Note that this graph does not assert that `employee38` has a `jobTitle` of "Assistant Designer";
- it says that `employee22` has made that claim using a reified triple.
+ it says that `employee22` has made that claim using a reifiedTriple.
In other words, the triple "`employee38` has a `jobTitle` of 'Assistant Designer'"
is not a member of the graph, itself, as "employee38 has a `familyName` of 'Smith'" is above;
- rather, it is known as a reified triple.
A reified triple is syntactic sugar relating one ore more
- reifiers to a tripleTerm
+
A reifiedTriple is syntactic sugar relating a
+ reifier to a tripleTerm
using the rdf:reifies predicate.
reifiedTriple,
the annotation syntax allows the definition of
one or more reifiers as either IRIs
or blank nodes,
@@ -1635,7 +1641,7 @@ The RDF 1.2 Concepts and Abstract Syntax specification [[!RDF12-CONCEPTS]] defines four types of RDF terms: @@ -1659,9 +1665,7 @@
Parsing Turtle requires a state of six items:
- -Describe parser state for tracking reifier to be associated with an annotation block.
+Parsing Turtle requires a state of eight items:
subject production.subject,
+ blankNodePropertyList,
+ collection,
+ tripleTerm, and
+ annotationBlock
+ productions.
object and
ttObject productions.reifier and
+ annotationBlock productions.Term Constructurs can create a stack of these values indicated by + using language such as "records the |curSubject| and |curPredicate|."
blankNodePropertyList in the next section.collection in the next section.rdf:nil. Note the rules for collection in the next section.iri production
+ or BlankNode production, if any.
+ If no such production is matched, term is taken
+ from a fresh RDF blank node.
+ ttObject productions.
iri
- production or the BlankNode production,
- if present, otherwise from a fresh RDF blank node.
+ The term is taken from the matched reifier, if any,
+ or from a fresh RDF blank node.
annotation production
- defines an RDF term in addition to a triple term.
- The term constructed from this production
- is composed of an identifier from either the iri
- or BlankNode productions,
- if present, otherwise from a fresh RDF blank node.
- reifier.Beginning the tripleTerm production
- records the |curSubject| and |curPredicate|.
- Finishing the tripleTerm production
- and restores the recorded values of |curSubject| and |curPredicate|.
Beginning the reifier production,
+ the |curReifier| is taken from the reifier term constructor.
+ Then yield the the RDF triple |curReifier| rdf:reifies |curTripleTerm|.
Beginning the reifiedTriple production
- records the |curSubject| and |curPredicate|.
- |curSubject| is taken from the
- reifiedTriple term constructor.
- A new tripleTerm instance |TT|
- is composed from
+ records the |curTripleTerm| as an RDF Triple composed from
the subject,
- predicate, and
+ verb, and
object productions.
- Finishing the reifier production
- yields the RDF triple |curSubject| rdf:reifies |TT|
- and restores the recorded values of |curSubject| and |curPredicate|.
reifiedTriple production,
+ if the |curReifier| is not set, it is assigned a fresh fresh RDF blank node
+ and yields the the RDF triple |curReifier| rdf:reifies |curTripleTerm|.
+ The node produced by matching reifiedTriple
+ is the the |curReifier|.
+
+ Beginning the annotation production
records the |curSubject| and |curPredicate|.
- A new tripleTerm instance |TT|
- is created using |curSubject| |curPredicate| |curObject|.
- The identifier |TI| is taken from the
- annotation term constructor.
+ A new tripleTerm instance |curTripleTerm|
+ is created using the |curSubject| |curPredicate| |curObject|,
+ and the value of the |curReifier| is cleared.
Finishing the annotation production
- yields the RDF triple |TI| rdf:reifies |TT|
- and restores the recorded values of |curSubject| and |curPredicate|.
Describe parser state for recording and assigning any reifier.
+ restores the recorded values of the |curSubject| and |curPredicate|. + +Beginning the annotationBlock production,
+ if the |curReifier| is not set, then the |curReifier| is assigned a fresh RDF blank node
+ and then yields the RDF triple |curReifier| rdf:reifies |curTripleTerm|.
+ The |curSubject| is taken from the |curReifier|
+ Finishing the annotationBlock production,
+ clears the value of the |curReifier|.
Beginning the blankNodePropertyList
- production records the |curSubject|
- and |curPredicate|,
- and sets |curSubject|
- to a novel blank node |B|.
+ production records the |curSubject| and |curPredicate|,
+ and sets the |curSubject| to a novel blank node |B|.
Finishing the blankNodePropertyList
- production restores |curSubject|
- and |curPredicate|.
+ production restores the |curSubject| and |curPredicate|.
The node produced by matching blankNodePropertyList
is the blank node |B|.
Beginning the collection production records the |curSubject| and |curPredicate|.
- Each object in the collection production has a |curSubject| set to a novel blank node |B| and a |curPredicate| set to rdf:first.
+ Each object in the collection production has |curSubject| set to a novel blank node |B| and |curPredicate| set to rdf:first.
For each object objectn after the first produces a triple:objectn-1 rdf:rest objectn .
- Finishing the collection production creates an additional triple curSubject rdf:rest rdf:nil . and restores |curSubject| and |curPredicate|
+ Finishing the collection production creates an additional triple curSubject rdf:rest rdf:nil . and restores the |curSubject| and |curPredicate|
The node produced by matching collection is the first blank node |B| for non-empty lists and rdf:nil for empty lists.
reifiedTriple<<' (subject | reifiedTriple) predicate object reifier* '>>'<<' (subject | reifiedTriple) verb object reifier? '>>'annotation(reifier | ('{|' predicateObjectList '|}'))*(reifier | annotationBlock)*annotationBlock{|' predicateObjectList '|}'PNAME_NS? ':'PNAME_LNBLANK_NODE_LABEL_:' (PN_CHARS_U | [0-9]) ((PN_CHARS | '.')* PN_CHARS)?LANG_DIR@' [a-zA-Z]+ ('-' [a-zA-Z0-9]+)* ('--' [a-zA-Z]+)?INTEGER[+-]? [0-9]+DECIMAL[+-]? ([0-9]* '.' [0-9]+)DOUBLE[+-]? (([0-9]+ '.' [0-9]* EXPONENT) | ('.' [0-9]+ EXPONENT) | ([0-9]+ EXPONENT))EXPONENT[eE] [+-]? [0-9]+STRING_LITERAL_QUOTE"' ([^#x22#x5C#x0A#x0D] | ECHAR | UCHAR)* '"'STRING_LITERAL_SINGLE_QUOTE'" ([^#x27#x5C#x0A#x0D] | ECHAR | UCHAR)* "'"STRING_LITERAL_LONG_SINGLE_QUOTE'''" (("'" | "''")? ([^'\] | ECHAR | UCHAR))* "'''"STRING_LITERAL_LONG_QUOTE"""' (('"' | '""')? ([^"\] | ECHAR | UCHAR))* '"""'UCHAR('\u' HEX HEX HEX HEX) | ('\U' HEX HEX HEX HEX HEX HEX HEX HEX)ECHAR\' [tbnrf\"']WS#x20 | #x09 | #x0D | #x0AANON[' WS* ']'PN_CHARS_BASE[A-Z][#x00010000-#x000EFFFF]PN_CHARS_U| '_'PN_CHARS| '-' | [0-9] | #xB7 | [#x0300-#x036F] | [#x203F-#x2040]PN_PREFIX((PN_CHARS | '.')* PN_CHARS)?PN_LOCAL(PN_CHARS_U | ':' | [0-9] | PLX) ((PN_CHARS | '.' | ':' | PLX)* (PN_CHARS | ':' | PLX))?PLX| PN_LOCAL_ESCPERCENT%' HEX HEXHEX[0-9] | [A-F] | [a-f]PN_LOCAL_ESC\' ('_' | '~' | '.' | '-' | "!" | '$' | '&' | "'" | '(' | ')' | '*' | '+' | ',' | ';' | '=' | '/' | '?' | '#' | '@' | '%')