diff --git a/.changeset/happy-boxes-collect.md b/.changeset/happy-boxes-collect.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2792c7a92898
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.changeset/happy-boxes-collect.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+---
+'astro': patch
+---
+
+Fixes an issue with the container APIs where a runtime error was thrown during the build, when using `pnpm` as package manager.
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/container/index.ts b/packages/astro/src/container/index.ts
index 97b922653cae..53bc33e4b946 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/container/index.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/container/index.ts
@@ -14,8 +14,8 @@ import type {
 	SSRManifest,
 	SSRResult,
 } from '../@types/astro.js';
-import { validateConfig } from '../core/config/config.js';
 import { ASTRO_CONFIG_DEFAULTS } from '../core/config/schema.js';
+import { validateConfig } from '../core/config/validate.js';
 import { Logger } from '../core/logger/core.js';
 import { nodeLogDestination } from '../core/logger/node.js';
 import { removeLeadingForwardSlash } from '../core/path.js';
@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ type AstroContainerConstructor = {
 	renderers?: SSRLoadedRenderer[];
 	manifest?: AstroContainerManifest;
 	resolve?: SSRResult['resolve'];
-	astroConfig: AstroConfig;
+	astroConfig?: AstroConfig;
 };
 
 export class experimental_AstroContainer {
@@ -253,10 +253,10 @@ export class experimental_AstroContainer {
 		});
 	}
 
-	async #containerResolve(specifier: string, astroConfig: AstroConfig): Promise<string> {
+	async #containerResolve(specifier: string, astroConfig?: AstroConfig): Promise<string> {
 		const found = this.#pipeline.manifest.entryModules[specifier];
 		if (found) {
-			return new URL(found, astroConfig.build.client).toString();
+			return new URL(found, astroConfig?.build.client).toString();
 		}
 		return found;
 	}
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/container/pipeline.ts b/packages/astro/src/container/pipeline.ts
index cffd38616587..1ad905bb5910 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/container/pipeline.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/container/pipeline.ts
@@ -7,13 +7,10 @@ import type {
 } from '../@types/astro.js';
 import { type HeadElements, Pipeline } from '../core/base-pipeline.js';
 import type { SinglePageBuiltModule } from '../core/build/types.js';
-import { RouteNotFound } from '../core/errors/errors-data.js';
-import { AstroError } from '../core/errors/index.js';
 import {
 	createModuleScriptElement,
 	createStylesheetElementSet,
 } from '../core/render/ssr-element.js';
-import { DEFAULT_404_ROUTE } from '../core/routing/astro-designed-error-pages.js';
 import { findRouteToRewrite } from '../core/routing/rewrite.js';
 
 export class ContainerPipeline extends Pipeline {
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/content/vite-plugin-content-virtual-mod.ts b/packages/astro/src/content/vite-plugin-content-virtual-mod.ts
index 5e45a4aaaae0..76634c3ddd25 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/content/vite-plugin-content-virtual-mod.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/content/vite-plugin-content-virtual-mod.ts
@@ -3,12 +3,13 @@ import { extname } from 'node:path';
 import { fileURLToPath, pathToFileURL } from 'node:url';
 import glob from 'fast-glob';
 import pLimit from 'p-limit';
-import { type Plugin } from 'vite';
+import type { Plugin } from 'vite';
 import type { AstroSettings } from '../@types/astro.js';
 import { encodeName } from '../core/build/util.js';
 import { AstroError, AstroErrorData } from '../core/errors/index.js';
 import { appendForwardSlash, removeFileExtension } from '../core/path.js';
-import { isServerLikeOutput, rootRelativePath } from '../core/util.js';
+import { isServerLikeOutput } from '../core/util.js';
+import { rootRelativePath } from '../core/viteUtils.js';
 import type { AstroPluginMetadata } from '../vite-plugin-astro/index.js';
 import {
 	CONTENT_FLAG,
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/build/plugins/plugin-manifest.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/build/plugins/plugin-manifest.ts
index 791b33deaeba..339b316bb7b0 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/build/plugins/plugin-manifest.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/build/plugins/plugin-manifest.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
 import glob from 'fast-glob';
 import type { OutputChunk } from 'rollup';
-import { type Plugin as VitePlugin } from 'vite';
+import type { Plugin as VitePlugin } from 'vite';
 import { getAssetsPrefix } from '../../../assets/utils/getAssetsPrefix.js';
 import { normalizeTheLocale } from '../../../i18n/index.js';
 import { toRoutingStrategy } from '../../../i18n/utils.js';
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/compile/compile.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/compile/compile.ts
index b6e1f927cab4..c3e6e4bb87a8 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/compile/compile.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/compile/compile.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import type { AstroPreferences } from '../../preferences/index.js';
 import type { AstroError } from '../errors/errors.js';
 import { AggregateError, CompilerError } from '../errors/errors.js';
 import { AstroErrorData } from '../errors/index.js';
-import { resolvePath } from '../util.js';
+import { resolvePath } from '../viteUtils.js';
 import { type PartialCompileCssResult, createStylePreprocessor } from './style.js';
 import type { CompileCssResult } from './types.js';
 
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/config/config.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/config/config.ts
index 9a700ab0ebbe..4c0f0aa3d4dd 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/config/config.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/config/config.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
+import fs from 'node:fs';
+import path from 'node:path';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+import * as colors from 'kleur/colors';
 import type { Arguments as Flags } from 'yargs-parser';
+import { ZodError } from 'zod';
 import type {
 	AstroConfig,
 	AstroInlineConfig,
@@ -6,49 +11,14 @@ import type {
 	AstroUserConfig,
 	CLIFlags,
 } from '../../@types/astro.js';
-
-import fs from 'node:fs';
-import path from 'node:path';
-import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
-import * as colors from 'kleur/colors';
-import { ZodError } from 'zod';
 import { eventConfigError, telemetry } from '../../events/index.js';
 import { trackAstroConfigZodError } from '../errors/errors.js';
 import { AstroError, AstroErrorData } from '../errors/index.js';
 import { formatConfigErrorMessage } from '../messages.js';
 import { mergeConfig } from './merge.js';
-import { createRelativeSchema } from './schema.js';
+import { validateConfig } from './validate.js';
 import { loadConfigWithVite } from './vite-load.js';
 
-/** Turn raw config values into normalized values */
-export async function validateConfig(
-	userConfig: any,
-	root: string,
-	cmd: string
-): Promise<AstroConfig> {
-	const AstroConfigRelativeSchema = createRelativeSchema(cmd, root);
-
-	// First-Pass Validation
-	let result: AstroConfig;
-	try {
-		result = await AstroConfigRelativeSchema.parseAsync(userConfig);
-	} catch (e) {
-		// Improve config zod error messages
-		if (e instanceof ZodError) {
-			// Mark this error so the callee can decide to suppress Zod's error if needed.
-			// We still want to throw the error to signal an error in validation.
-			trackAstroConfigZodError(e);
-			// eslint-disable-next-line no-console
-			console.error(formatConfigErrorMessage(e) + '\n');
-			telemetry.record(eventConfigError({ cmd, err: e, isFatal: true }));
-		}
-		throw e;
-	}
-
-	// If successful, return the result as a verified AstroConfig object.
-	return result;
-}
-
 /** Convert the generic "yargs" flag object into our own, custom TypeScript object. */
 // NOTE: This function will be removed in a later PR. Use `flagsToAstroInlineConfig` instead.
 // All CLI related flow should be located in the `packages/astro/src/cli` directory.
@@ -197,7 +167,22 @@ export async function resolveConfig(
 
 	const userConfig = await loadConfig(root, inlineOnlyConfig.configFile, fsMod);
 	const mergedConfig = mergeConfig(userConfig, inlineUserConfig);
-	const astroConfig = await validateConfig(mergedConfig, root, command);
+	// First-Pass Validation
+	let astroConfig: AstroConfig;
+	try {
+		astroConfig = await validateConfig(mergedConfig, root, command);
+	} catch (e) {
+		// Improve config zod error messages
+		if (e instanceof ZodError) {
+			// Mark this error so the callee can decide to suppress Zod's error if needed.
+			// We still want to throw the error to signal an error in validation.
+			trackAstroConfigZodError(e);
+			// eslint-disable-next-line no-console
+			console.error(formatConfigErrorMessage(e) + '\n');
+			telemetry.record(eventConfigError({ cmd: command, err: e, isFatal: true }));
+		}
+		throw e;
+	}
 
 	return { userConfig: mergedConfig, astroConfig };
 }
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/config/validate.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/config/validate.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..8d1207a85bd1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/config/validate.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+import type { AstroConfig } from '../../@types/astro.js';
+import { createRelativeSchema } from './schema.js';
+
+/** Turn raw config values into normalized values */
+export async function validateConfig(
+	userConfig: any,
+	root: string,
+	cmd: string
+): Promise<AstroConfig> {
+	const AstroConfigRelativeSchema = createRelativeSchema(cmd, root);
+
+	// First-Pass Validation
+	return await AstroConfigRelativeSchema.parseAsync(userConfig);
+}
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/util.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/util.ts
index d3e7c8662bb3..57fb687834a6 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/core/util.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/util.ts
@@ -1,11 +1,9 @@
 import fs from 'node:fs';
 import path from 'node:path';
 import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
-import { normalizePath } from 'vite';
 import type { AstroConfig, AstroSettings, RouteType } from '../@types/astro.js';
 import { SUPPORTED_MARKDOWN_FILE_EXTENSIONS } from './constants.js';
-import type { ModuleLoader } from './module-loader/index.js';
-import { prependForwardSlash, removeTrailingForwardSlash, slash } from './path.js';
+import { removeTrailingForwardSlash, slash } from './path.js';
 
 /** Returns true if argument is an object of any prototype/class (but not null). */
 export function isObject(value: unknown): value is Record<string, any> {
@@ -184,54 +182,10 @@ export function relativeToSrcDir(config: AstroConfig, idOrUrl: URL | string) {
 	return id.slice(slash(fileURLToPath(config.srcDir)).length);
 }
 
-export function rootRelativePath(
-	root: URL,
-	idOrUrl: URL | string,
-	shouldPrependForwardSlash = true
-) {
-	let id: string;
-	if (typeof idOrUrl !== 'string') {
-		id = unwrapId(viteID(idOrUrl));
-	} else {
-		id = idOrUrl;
-	}
-	const normalizedRoot = normalizePath(fileURLToPath(root));
-	if (id.startsWith(normalizedRoot)) {
-		id = id.slice(normalizedRoot.length);
-	}
-	return shouldPrependForwardSlash ? prependForwardSlash(id) : id;
-}
-
 export function emoji(char: string, fallback: string) {
 	return process.platform !== 'win32' ? char : fallback;
 }
 
-/**
- * Simulate Vite's resolve and import analysis so we can import the id as an URL
- * through a script tag or a dynamic import as-is.
- */
-// NOTE: `/@id/` should only be used when the id is fully resolved
-export async function resolveIdToUrl(loader: ModuleLoader, id: string, root?: URL) {
-	let resultId = await loader.resolveId(id, undefined);
-	// Try resolve jsx to tsx
-	if (!resultId && id.endsWith('.jsx')) {
-		resultId = await loader.resolveId(id.slice(0, -4), undefined);
-	}
-	if (!resultId) {
-		return VALID_ID_PREFIX + id;
-	}
-	if (path.isAbsolute(resultId)) {
-		const normalizedRoot = root && normalizePath(fileURLToPath(root));
-		// Convert to root-relative path if path is inside root
-		if (normalizedRoot && resultId.startsWith(normalizedRoot)) {
-			return resultId.slice(normalizedRoot.length - 1);
-		} else {
-			return '/@fs' + prependForwardSlash(resultId);
-		}
-	}
-	return VALID_ID_PREFIX + resultId;
-}
-
 export function resolveJsToTs(filePath: string) {
 	if (filePath.endsWith('.jsx') && !fs.existsSync(filePath)) {
 		const tryPath = filePath.slice(0, -4) + '.tsx';
@@ -242,18 +196,6 @@ export function resolveJsToTs(filePath: string) {
 	return filePath;
 }
 
-/**
- * Resolve the hydration paths so that it can be imported in the client
- */
-export function resolvePath(specifier: string, importer: string) {
-	if (specifier.startsWith('.')) {
-		const absoluteSpecifier = path.resolve(path.dirname(importer), specifier);
-		return resolveJsToTs(normalizePath(absoluteSpecifier));
-	} else {
-		return specifier;
-	}
-}
-
 /**
  * Set a default NODE_ENV so Vite doesn't set an incorrect default when loading the Astro config
  */
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/core/viteUtils.ts b/packages/astro/src/core/viteUtils.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..61ca26a3dc28
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/astro/src/core/viteUtils.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+import path from 'node:path';
+import { fileURLToPath } from 'node:url';
+import { normalizePath } from 'vite';
+import { prependForwardSlash } from '../core/path.js';
+import type { ModuleLoader } from './module-loader/index.js';
+import { VALID_ID_PREFIX, resolveJsToTs, unwrapId, viteID } from './util.js';
+
+/**
+ * Resolve the hydration paths so that it can be imported in the client
+ */
+export function resolvePath(specifier: string, importer: string) {
+	if (specifier.startsWith('.')) {
+		const absoluteSpecifier = path.resolve(path.dirname(importer), specifier);
+		return resolveJsToTs(normalizePath(absoluteSpecifier));
+	} else {
+		return specifier;
+	}
+}
+
+export function rootRelativePath(
+	root: URL,
+	idOrUrl: URL | string,
+	shouldPrependForwardSlash = true
+) {
+	let id: string;
+	if (typeof idOrUrl !== 'string') {
+		id = unwrapId(viteID(idOrUrl));
+	} else {
+		id = idOrUrl;
+	}
+	const normalizedRoot = normalizePath(fileURLToPath(root));
+	if (id.startsWith(normalizedRoot)) {
+		id = id.slice(normalizedRoot.length);
+	}
+	return shouldPrependForwardSlash ? prependForwardSlash(id) : id;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Simulate Vite's resolve and import analysis so we can import the id as an URL
+ * through a script tag or a dynamic import as-is.
+ */
+// NOTE: `/@id/` should only be used when the id is fully resolved
+export async function resolveIdToUrl(loader: ModuleLoader, id: string, root?: URL) {
+	let resultId = await loader.resolveId(id, undefined);
+	// Try resolve jsx to tsx
+	if (!resultId && id.endsWith('.jsx')) {
+		resultId = await loader.resolveId(id.slice(0, -4), undefined);
+	}
+	if (!resultId) {
+		return VALID_ID_PREFIX + id;
+	}
+	if (path.isAbsolute(resultId)) {
+		const normalizedRoot = root && normalizePath(fileURLToPath(root));
+		// Convert to root-relative path if path is inside root
+		if (normalizedRoot && resultId.startsWith(normalizedRoot)) {
+			return resultId.slice(normalizedRoot.length - 1);
+		} else {
+			return '/@fs' + prependForwardSlash(resultId);
+		}
+	}
+	return VALID_ID_PREFIX + resultId;
+}
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/jsx/babel.ts b/packages/astro/src/jsx/babel.ts
index d5fc0ccd30b0..bb1a3ce5f266 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/jsx/babel.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/jsx/babel.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import type { PluginObj } from '@babel/core';
 import * as t from '@babel/types';
 import { AstroError } from '../core/errors/errors.js';
 import { AstroErrorData } from '../core/errors/index.js';
-import { resolvePath } from '../core/util.js';
+import { resolvePath } from '../core/viteUtils.js';
 import type { PluginMetadata } from '../vite-plugin-astro/types.js';
 
 const ClientOnlyPlaceholder = 'astro-client-only';
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/jsx/rehype.ts b/packages/astro/src/jsx/rehype.ts
index 40a8359cbe5c..7e3229fc5fd1 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/jsx/rehype.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/jsx/rehype.ts
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import { visit } from 'unist-util-visit';
 import type { VFile } from 'vfile';
 import { AstroError } from '../core/errors/errors.js';
 import { AstroErrorData } from '../core/errors/index.js';
-import { resolvePath } from '../core/util.js';
+import { resolvePath } from '../core/viteUtils.js';
 import type { PluginMetadata } from '../vite-plugin-astro/types.js';
 
 // This import includes ambient types for hast to include mdx nodes
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-astro-server/pipeline.ts b/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-astro-server/pipeline.ts
index 3d80ead1e027..4ad3c48c8ba6 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-astro-server/pipeline.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-astro-server/pipeline.ts
@@ -12,18 +12,16 @@ import type {
 } from '../@types/astro.js';
 import { getInfoOutput } from '../cli/info/index.js';
 import { type HeadElements } from '../core/base-pipeline.js';
-import { shouldAppendForwardSlash } from '../core/build/util.js';
 import { ASTRO_VERSION, DEFAULT_404_COMPONENT } from '../core/constants.js';
 import { enhanceViteSSRError } from '../core/errors/dev/index.js';
-import { RewriteEncounteredAnError } from '../core/errors/errors-data.js';
-import { AggregateError, AstroError, CSSError, MarkdownError } from '../core/errors/index.js';
+import { AggregateError, CSSError, MarkdownError } from '../core/errors/index.js';
 import type { Logger } from '../core/logger/core.js';
 import type { ModuleLoader } from '../core/module-loader/index.js';
-import { prependForwardSlash, removeTrailingForwardSlash } from '../core/path.js';
 import { Pipeline, loadRenderer } from '../core/render/index.js';
-import { DEFAULT_404_ROUTE, default404Page } from '../core/routing/astro-designed-error-pages.js';
+import { default404Page } from '../core/routing/astro-designed-error-pages.js';
 import { findRouteToRewrite } from '../core/routing/rewrite.js';
-import { isPage, isServerLikeOutput, resolveIdToUrl, viteID } from '../core/util.js';
+import { isPage, isServerLikeOutput, viteID } from '../core/util.js';
+import { resolveIdToUrl } from '../core/viteUtils.js';
 import { PAGE_SCRIPT_ID } from '../vite-plugin-scripts/index.js';
 import { getStylesForURL } from './css.js';
 import { getComponentMetadata } from './metadata.js';
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-astro-server/resolve.ts b/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-astro-server/resolve.ts
index cbeda56b0c87..03b516c95ad4 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-astro-server/resolve.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-astro-server/resolve.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import type { ModuleLoader } from '../core/module-loader/index.js';
-import { resolveIdToUrl } from '../core/util.js';
+import { resolveIdToUrl } from '../core/viteUtils.js';
 
 export function createResolve(loader: ModuleLoader, root: URL) {
 	// Resolves specifiers in the inline hydrated scripts, such as:
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-astro-server/scripts.ts b/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-astro-server/scripts.ts
index 902909753224..4b94d12f57a5 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-astro-server/scripts.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-astro-server/scripts.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import type { SSRElement } from '../@types/astro.js';
 import type { ModuleInfo, ModuleLoader } from '../core/module-loader/index.js';
 import { createModuleScriptElementWithSrc } from '../core/render/ssr-element.js';
-import { rootRelativePath, viteID } from '../core/util.js';
+import { viteID } from '../core/util.js';
+import { rootRelativePath } from '../core/viteUtils.js';
 import type { PluginMetadata as AstroPluginMetadata } from '../vite-plugin-astro/types.js';
 import { crawlGraph } from './vite.js';
 
diff --git a/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-scanner/index.ts b/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-scanner/index.ts
index 78069b937a3a..180c2b39059f 100644
--- a/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-scanner/index.ts
+++ b/packages/astro/src/vite-plugin-scanner/index.ts
@@ -4,7 +4,8 @@ import type { Plugin as VitePlugin } from 'vite';
 import { normalizePath } from 'vite';
 import type { AstroSettings } from '../@types/astro.js';
 import { type Logger } from '../core/logger/core.js';
-import { isEndpoint, isPage, isServerLikeOutput, rootRelativePath } from '../core/util.js';
+import { isEndpoint, isPage, isServerLikeOutput } from '../core/util.js';
+import { rootRelativePath } from '../core/viteUtils.js';
 import { getPrerenderDefault } from '../prerender/utils.js';
 import { scan } from './scan.js';
 
diff --git a/packages/astro/test/units/config/config-validate.test.js b/packages/astro/test/units/config/config-validate.test.js
index 21d6841c1dfd..13574982939c 100644
--- a/packages/astro/test/units/config/config-validate.test.js
+++ b/packages/astro/test/units/config/config-validate.test.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import * as assert from 'node:assert/strict';
 import { describe, it } from 'node:test';
 import stripAnsi from 'strip-ansi';
 import { z } from 'zod';
-import { validateConfig } from '../../../dist/core/config/config.js';
+import { validateConfig } from '../../../dist/core/config/validate.js';
 import { formatConfigErrorMessage } from '../../../dist/core/messages.js';
 
 describe('Config Validation', () => {
diff --git a/packages/astro/test/units/i18n/astro_i18n.test.js b/packages/astro/test/units/i18n/astro_i18n.test.js
index c53d4374871e..9d424f5b16a8 100644
--- a/packages/astro/test/units/i18n/astro_i18n.test.js
+++ b/packages/astro/test/units/i18n/astro_i18n.test.js
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import { describe, it } from 'node:test';
 import { MissingLocale } from '#astro/core/errors/errors-data';
 import { AstroError } from '#astro/core/errors/index';
 import { toRoutingStrategy } from '#astro/i18n/utils';
-import { validateConfig } from '../../../dist/core/config/config.js';
+import { validateConfig } from '../../../dist/core/config/validate.js';
 import {
 	getLocaleAbsoluteUrl,
 	getLocaleAbsoluteUrlList,