diff --git a/halo2_proofs/src/helpers.rs b/halo2_proofs/src/helpers.rs
index 051d18061..1dc01bbce 100644
--- a/halo2_proofs/src/helpers.rs
+++ b/halo2_proofs/src/helpers.rs
@@ -121,6 +121,7 @@ pub fn unpack(byte: u8, bits: &mut [bool]) {
     }
 }
 
+#[cfg(not(feature = "parallel-poly-read"))]
 /// Reads a vector of polynomials from buffer
 pub(crate) fn read_polynomial_vec<R: io::Read, F: SerdePrimeField, B>(
     reader: &mut R,
@@ -130,11 +131,65 @@ pub(crate) fn read_polynomial_vec<R: io::Read, F: SerdePrimeField, B>(
     reader.read_exact(&mut len)?;
     let len = u32::from_be_bytes(len);
 
+    let poly_lens: Result<Vec<_>, _> = (0..len)
+        .map(|_| {
+            let mut poly_len = [0u8; 4];
+            reader.read_exact(&mut poly_len)?;
+            Ok::<_, std::io::Error>(u32::from_be_bytes(poly_len))
+        })
+        .collect();
+
+    let _poly_lens = poly_lens?;
+
     (0..len)
         .map(|_| Polynomial::<F, B>::read(reader, format))
         .collect::<io::Result<Vec<_>>>()
 }
 
+#[cfg(feature = "parallel-poly-read")]
+/// Reads a vector of polynomials from buffer
+pub(crate) fn read_polynomial_vec<R: io::Read, F: SerdePrimeField, B: std::marker::Send>(
+    reader: &mut R,
+    format: SerdeFormat,
+) -> io::Result<Vec<Polynomial<F, B>>> {
+    use maybe_rayon::iter::IntoParallelIterator;
+    use maybe_rayon::iter::ParallelIterator;
+
+    let mut len = [0u8; 4];
+    reader.read_exact(&mut len)?;
+    let len = u32::from_be_bytes(len);
+
+    // Read all polynomial lengths first
+    let mut poly_lens = Vec::with_capacity(len as usize);
+    for _ in 0..len {
+        let mut poly_len = [0u8; 4];
+        reader.read_exact(&mut poly_len)?;
+        poly_lens.push(u32::from_be_bytes(poly_len));
+    }
+
+    println!("poly_lens {:?}", poly_lens);
+
+    // Pre-read all polynomial data into separate buffers
+    let mut poly_buffers = Vec::with_capacity(len as usize);
+    for &poly_len in &poly_lens {
+        let repr_len = F::default().to_repr().as_ref().len();
+        // sum of all the Field elements AND also the prepended u32 bytes
+        let buffer_size = repr_len * poly_len as usize + std::mem::size_of::<u32>();
+        let mut buffer = vec![0u8; buffer_size];
+        reader.read_exact(&mut buffer)?;
+        poly_buffers.push(buffer);
+    }
+
+    // Process buffers in parallel
+    poly_buffers
+        .into_par_iter()
+        .map(|buffer| {
+            let mut cursor = std::io::Cursor::new(buffer);
+            Polynomial::<F, B>::read_serial(&mut cursor, format)
+        })
+        .collect::<io::Result<Vec<_>>>()
+}
+
 /// Writes a slice of polynomials to buffer
 pub(crate) fn write_polynomial_slice<W: io::Write, F: SerdePrimeField, B>(
     slice: &[Polynomial<F, B>],
@@ -142,6 +197,11 @@ pub(crate) fn write_polynomial_slice<W: io::Write, F: SerdePrimeField, B>(
     format: SerdeFormat,
 ) -> io::Result<()> {
     writer.write_all(&(slice.len() as u32).to_be_bytes())?;
+    // then write each polynomial's len
+    for poly in slice.iter() {
+        writer.write_all(&(poly.num_coeffs() as u32).to_be_bytes())?;
+    }
+
     for poly in slice.iter() {
         poly.write(writer, format)?;
     }
@@ -151,5 +211,6 @@ pub(crate) fn write_polynomial_slice<W: io::Write, F: SerdePrimeField, B>(
 /// Gets the total number of bytes of a slice of polynomials, assuming all polynomials are the same length
 pub(crate) fn polynomial_slice_byte_length<F: PrimeField, B>(slice: &[Polynomial<F, B>]) -> usize {
     let field_len = F::default().to_repr().as_ref().len();
-    4 + slice.len() * (4 + field_len * slice.first().map(|poly| poly.len()).unwrap_or(0))
+    4 + 4 * slice.len()
+        + slice.len() * (4 + field_len * slice.first().map(|poly| poly.len()).unwrap_or(0))
 }
diff --git a/halo2_proofs/src/poly.rs b/halo2_proofs/src/poly.rs
index 2076eaff2..e0cff4520 100644
--- a/halo2_proofs/src/poly.rs
+++ b/halo2_proofs/src/poly.rs
@@ -201,6 +201,11 @@ impl<F: SerdePrimeField, B> Polynomial<F, B> {
     /// Reads polynomial from buffer using `SerdePrimeField::read`.  
     #[cfg(not(feature = "parallel-poly-read"))]
     pub fn read<R: io::Read>(reader: &mut R, format: SerdeFormat) -> io::Result<Self> {
+        Self::read_serial(reader, format)
+    }
+
+    /// Reads polynomial from buffer using `SerdePrimeField::read`.  
+    pub fn read_serial<R: io::Read>(reader: &mut R, format: SerdeFormat) -> io::Result<Self> {
         let mut poly_len = [0u8; 4];
         reader.read_exact(&mut poly_len)?;
         let poly_len = u32::from_be_bytes(poly_len);
diff --git a/halo2_proofs/src/poly/domain.rs b/halo2_proofs/src/poly/domain.rs
index 71f214423..a9f5b8b65 100644
--- a/halo2_proofs/src/poly/domain.rs
+++ b/halo2_proofs/src/poly/domain.rs
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use crate::{
 use super::{Coeff, ExtendedLagrangeCoeff, LagrangeCoeff, Polynomial, Rotation};
 
 use group::ff::{BatchInvert, Field, WithSmallOrderMulGroup};
+use maybe_rayon::iter::{IndexedParallelIterator, IntoParallelIterator, ParallelIterator};
 
 use std::{collections::HashMap, marker::PhantomData};
 
@@ -142,12 +143,16 @@ impl<F: WithSmallOrderMulGroup<3>> EvaluationDomain<F> {
 
         let omega_inv = omegas_inv[0];
         let extended_omega_inv = *omegas_inv.last().unwrap();
-        let mut fft_data = HashMap::new();
-        for (i, (omega, omega_inv)) in omegas.into_iter().zip(omegas_inv).enumerate() {
-            let intermediate_k = k as usize + i;
-            let len = 1usize << intermediate_k;
-            fft_data.insert(len, FFTData::<F>::new(len, omega, omega_inv));
-        }
+        let fft_data = omegas
+            .into_par_iter()
+            .zip(omegas_inv)
+            .enumerate()
+            .map(|(i, (omega, omega_inv))| {
+                let intermediate_k = k as usize + i;
+                let len = 1usize << intermediate_k;
+                (len, FFTData::<F>::new(len, omega, omega_inv))
+            })
+            .collect::<HashMap<usize, FFTData<F>>>();
 
         EvaluationDomain {
             n,