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用两个栈实现队列.md

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题目

请用栈实现一个队列,支持如下四种操作:

  • push(x) – 将元素x插到队尾;
  • pop() – 将队首的元素弹出,并返回该元素;
  • peek() – 返回队首元素;
  • empty() – 返回队列是否为空;

注意:

  • 你只能使用栈的标准操作:push to top,peek/pop from top, size 和 is empty;
  • 如果你选择的编程语言没有栈的标准库,你可以使用list或者deque等模拟栈的操作;
  • 输入数据保证合法,例如,在队列为空时,不会进行pop或者peek等操作; 样例
MyQueue queue = new MyQueue();

queue.push(1);
queue.push(2);
queue.peek();  // returns 1
queue.pop();   // returns 1
queue.empty(); // returns false

参考答案

class MyQueue {
public:
    /** Initialize your data structure here. */
    stack<int> stk, cache;
    MyQueue() {

    }

    /** Push element x to the back of queue. */
    void push(int x) {
        stk.push(x);
    }

    void copy(stack<int> &a, stack<int> &b) {
        while (a.size()) {
            b.push(a.top());
            a.pop();
        }
    }

    /** Removes the element from in front of queue and returns that element. */
    int pop() {
        copy(stk, cache);
        int res = cache.top();
        cache.pop();
        copy(cache, stk);
        return res;
    }

    /** Get the front element. */
    int peek() {
        copy(stk, cache);
        int res = cache.top();
        copy(cache, stk);
        return res;
    }

    /** Returns whether the queue is empty. */
    bool empty() {
        return stk.empty();
    }
};

/**
 * Your MyQueue object will be instantiated and called as such:
 * MyQueue obj = MyQueue();
 * obj.push(x);
 * int param_2 = obj.pop();
 * int param_3 = obj.peek();
 * bool param_4 = obj.empty();
 */