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Vue.prototype._update=function(vnode,hydrating){varvm=this;if(vm._isMounted){callHook(vm,'beforeUpdate');}
...
// 初始时,我们是没有prevVnode的, 进入了patch方法if(!prevVnode){// initial render// 初始化渲染,我们看下细节 vm.$el=vm.__patch__(vm.$el,vnode,hydrating,false/* removeOnly */,vm.$options._parentElm,vm.$options._refElm);// no need for the ref nodes after initial patch// this prevents keeping a detached DOM tree in memory (#5851)vm.$options._parentElm=vm.$options._refElm=null;}else{// updatesvm.$el=vm.__patch__(prevVnode,vnode);}activeInstance=prevActiveInstance;// update __vue__ referenceif(prevEl){prevEl.__vue__=null;}if(vm.$el){vm.$el.__vue__=vm;}// if parent is an HOC, update its $el as wellif(vm.$vnode&&vm.$parent&&vm.$vnode===vm.$parent._vnode){vm.$parent.$el=vm.$el;}// updated hook is called by the scheduler to ensure that children are// updated in a parent's updated hook.};
初始进入patch
// 当我们初始进入patch时,会进入createElm 根据我们的vnode 创建节点returnfunctionpatch(oldVnode,vnode,hydrating,removeOnly,parentElm,refElm){if(isUndef(vnode)){if(isDef(oldVnode)){invokeDestroyHook(oldVnode);}return}varisInitialPatch=false;varinsertedVnodeQueue=[];if(isUndef(oldVnode)){// empty mount (likely as component), create new root elementisInitialPatch=true;createElm(vnode,insertedVnodeQueue,parentElm,refElm);}else{
...
}}
开始执行flushCallBacks ——> flushSchedulerQueue(这里后面有watcher.run(), dom diff, 视图更新) ——> 我们的cb
结束
/**mouted() { setTimeout(() => { data.a = 2; data.b = 3; this.$nextTick(()=> { console.log(document.querySelector('.f-error')); }) }, 500);}**/newVue({el: '#test',template: temp,data: function(){returndata;},methods: {test(){data.a=2;data.b=3;}}});// 当我们data.a 的值改变时,会进入它的setter
set: functionreactiveSetter(newVal){varvalue=getter ? getter.call(obj) : val;/* eslint-disable no-self-compare */if(newVal===value||(newVal!==newVal&&value!==value)){return}/* eslint-enable no-self-compare */if("development"!=='production'&&customSetter){customSetter();}if(setter){setter.call(obj,newVal);}else{val=newVal;}childOb=!shallow&&observe(newVal);// 当值更新时,dep会通知watcherdep.notify();}Dep.prototype.notify=functionnotify(){// stabilize the subscriber list firstvarsubs=this.subs.slice();// 我们知道subs里面存放着我们的watcher实例, 进入watcher的update方法 for(vari=0,l=subs.length;i<l;i++){subs[i].update();}};Watcher.prototype.update=functionupdate(){/* istanbul ignore else */if(this.lazy){this.dirty=true;}elseif(this.sync){this.run();}else{// 一般情况下,没有其他配置会进入这里,将我们的watcher推入队列 queueWatcher(this);}};/** * Push a watcher into the watcher queue. * Jobs with duplicate IDs will be skipped unless it's * pushed when the queue is being flushed. */functionqueueWatcher(watcher){varid=watcher.id;// 判断这个watcher是否已经放入过队列if(has[id]==null){has[id]=true;if(!flushing){queue.push(watcher);}else{// if already flushing, splice the watcher based on its id// if already past its id, it will be run next immediately.vari=queue.length-1;while(i>index&&queue[i].id>watcher.id){i--;}queue.splice(i+1,0,watcher);}// queue the flushif(!waiting){waiting=true;// 走到了这里, cb 是flushSchedulerQueuenextTick(flushSchedulerQueue);}}}// 进入了nextTick 方法,这里涉及到EventLoop相关的内容,后面会简单说一下functionnextTick(cb,ctx){var_resolve;// 将flushSchedulerQueue塞入cbcallbacks.push(function(){if(cb){try{cb.call(ctx);}catch(e){handleError(e,ctx,'nextTick');}}elseif(_resolve){_resolve(ctx);}});if(!pending){pending=true;// 注意这里,一般情况下使用microTask但某些情境下会强制使用macroTask if(useMacroTask){macroTimerFunc();}else{// 我们的例子会进入这里, microTimerFunc结果是什么呢?往下看microTimerFunc();}}// $flow-disable-line if(!cb&&typeofPromise!=='undefined'){returnnewPromise(function(resolve){_resolve=resolve;})}}// Determine MicroTask defer implementation./* istanbul ignore next, $flow-disable-line */if(typeofPromise!=='undefined'&&isNative(Promise)){varp=Promise.resolve();microTimerFunc=function(){// 重点注意这里是promise的cb, 是一个microTask, 是在主script执行完才会执行的p.then(flushCallbacks);}}
queueWatcher(this);functionqueueWatcher(watcher){varid=watcher.id;// 判断这个watcher是否已经放入过队列, 当执行到data.b时已经放入过队列了, 所以不会继续往下走了(这个也很好理解)if(has[id]==null){has[id]=true;if(!flushing){queue.push(watcher);}else{// if already flushing, splice the watcher based on its id// if already past its id, it will be run next immediately.vari=queue.length-1;while(i>index&&queue[i].id>watcher.id){i--;}queue.splice(i+1,0,watcher);}// queue the flushif(!waiting){waiting=true;// 走到了这里nextTick(flushSchedulerQueue);}}}
// p.then(flushCallbacks);functionflushCallbacks(){pending=false;varcopies=callbacks.slice(0);callbacks.length=0;for(vari=0;i<copies.length;i++){copies[i]();}}// 开始遍历callbacks 执行其中的cb// 第一个cb 是 flushSchedulerQueue// 第二个cb 是 我们的 console.log(document.querySelector('.f-error')); // 第一个cb里面,watcher.run 最终会进入vdom的diff, 下一篇具体讲细节functionflushSchedulerQueue(){flushing=true;varwatcher,id;
...
// do not cache length because more watchers might be pushed// as we run existing watchersfor(index=0;index<queue.length;index++){watcher=queue[index];id=watcher.id;has[id]=null;watcher.run();// in dev build, check and stop circular updates.
...
}// keep copies of post queues before resetting statevaractivatedQueue=activatedChildren.slice();varupdatedQueue=queue.slice();resetSchedulerState();// call component updated and activated hookscallActivatedHooks(activatedQueue);callUpdatedHooks(updatedQueue);// devtool hook/* istanbul ignore if */if(devtools&&config.devtools){devtools.emit('flush');}}// 然后执行了我们的cb, 此时视图已经更新// <div class='f-error'>5</div>
/** Vue.js v2.5.13 **/functionadd$1(event,handler,once$$1,capture,passive){// 看这里 handler=withMacroTask(handler);if(once$$1){handler=createOnceHandler(handler,event,capture);}target$1.addEventListener(event,handler,supportsPassive
? {capture: capture,passive: passive}
: capture);}/** * Wrap a function so that if any code inside triggers state change, * the changes are queued using a Task instead of a MicroTask. */functionwithMacroTask(fn){returnfn._withTask||(fn._withTask=function(){useMacroTask=true;varres=fn.apply(null,arguments);useMacroTask=false;returnres})}
疑问
1.当我修改了属性值时,vdom立即进行diff,重新渲染视图了吗?
2.如果1是对的,那重复修改,性能岂不是很差?如果不是,1是如何实现的?
3.我们的nextTick 具体的实现是怎样的?什么时候需要用到它?
4.vdom diff的过程是怎样的?
梗概
关于vue数据更新渲染的几个知识点,先列一下:
数据的更新是实时的,但是渲染是异步的。
一旦数据变化,会把在同一个事件循环event loop中的观察到的watcher 推入一个队列(相同watcher实例不会重复推入)
DOM并不是马上更新视图的(想想也不可能,改动一次数据更新一次视图,肯定都是批量操作DOM的),vue 中的nextTick 用到了MicroTask和MacroTask,这需要我们去了解event loop(推荐先阅读下:Tasks, microtasks, queues and schedules
)
整个script是一个主任务, setTimeout 是一个macroTask, promise的回调是microtask, 顺序是:
主任务Task —> Task为空开始 microTask (全部执行完)—> UI渲染 —> 取一个macroTask执行
所以dom diff 这个过程是在microtask中去处理的(也有的是强制走macrotask, 本例子走microtask)
哪些会走macrotask 哪些会走microtask,为啥要区分,会写在拓展那一小节
例子
接下来,所有的讲解都会围绕下面这个例子
入口
当
vm._update(vm._render(), hydrating)
经过上一次分享,我们知道通过
vm._render()
方法,我们会获得我们的vdom; 接下去我们进入_update方法;我们看下内部的细节。初始进入patch
数据更新时
假设我们的数据是
{a:1, b:1}
更新为了{a:2, b:3}
, 我们下面看下细节data.a执行完以后,开始走data.b, 流程都一样,只是当我们遇到watcher的update时有些区别
然后进入
this.$nextTick
方法接下去,就到了我们之前讲到的,主script执行完了开始执行microTask, 进入flushSchedulerQueue方法。(tips: 推荐阅读Tasks, microtasks, queues and schedules更好地了解EventLoop)
总结
这一篇blog主要是为了让大家清楚
拓展
思考1:不用nextTick
如果很好地理解了micoTask 与 macroTask之间的关系,那么也能很清楚的理解假设我们写成下面这样, 为什么不行了,自己试试喽!下一篇,会细致讲解vdom diff 的过程~
思考2: 如果都用MicroTask有什么问题?
看下这个issue, @click would trigger event other vnode @click event. #6566
贴一下代码,vue的版本是2.4.2,在此版本下当你点击了‘expand is true’以后,expand click 和 off click都打印出来了,countA与countB都变成了1,文案还是expand is true
尤大在这个issue下面给了回答,引一下:
大致原因是:
<i>
标签的点击动作触发了第一次nextTick(microTask), 然后我们得到了新的vdom并进行了渲染;microTask先于冒泡这个task,在microTask生成新dom的过程中,外层div添加了listener; 渲染完成后,冒泡触发了新的listener,所以又进入了新的cb。所以在Vue2.5版本中你会看到event handler使用了macroTask进行包裹参考资料
1.vue2.0 正确理解Vue.nextTick()的用途 http://www.cnblogs.com/minigrasshopper/p/7879545.html
2.从event loop规范探究javaScript异步及浏览器更新渲染时机 aooy/blog#5
3.Promise的队列与setTimeout的队列有何关联?https://www.zhihu.com/question/36972010/answer/71338002
4.JavaScript 运行机制详解:再谈Event Loop http://www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2014/10/event-loop.html
5.Vue源码详解之nextTick:MutationObserver只是浮云,microtask才是核心!Ma63d/vue-analysis#6
https://chuckliu.me/#!/posts/58bd08a2b5187d2fb51c04f9
6.Tasks, microtasks, queues and schedules https://jakearchibald.com/2015/tasks-microtasks-queues-and-schedules/
7.@click would trigger event other vnode @click event. #6566 vuejs/vue#6566
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