Home Assistant 之旅

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Just do it

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安装 Home Assistant

官方安装文档 点此跳转，这里仅记录我的安装流程。

采用 Docker 安装，这里我使用了 docker compose，首先创建配置文件:

cd ~
mkdir homeassistant && cd homeassistant
cat << EOF > docker-compose.yaml
version: '3'
services:
  homeassistant:
    container_name: homeassistant
    image: homeassistant/home-assistant:stable
    volumes:
      - ./config:/config
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
    restart: unless-stopped
    privileged: true
    network_mode: host
EOF

然后启动: sudo docker-compose up -d

这时候就 Home Assistant 就已经启动好了，接下来打开网址预览即可: http://192.168.31.31:8123

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集成小米设备

这里集成小米设备，采用的组件为 Xiaomi Miot For HomeAssistant。

首先安装 Xiaomi Miot For HomeAssistant:

cd ~/homeassistant
wget -q -O - https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/al-one/hass-xiaomi-miot/install.sh | bash -
sudo docker-compose up -d

上面的命令为进入 homeassistant 主目录后，下载并安装 xiaomi miot 组件，然后重启 homeassistant 容器。

接着开始配置，打开网页后依次点击：⚙️ 配置 > 🧩 集成 > ➕ 添加集成 > 🔍 搜索 Xiaomi Miot Auto。
选择“自动模式”，输入小米账号密码即可。

最后在仪表盘添加你想要的设备数据即可，如图：

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将 Home Assistant 接入 HomeKit

首先需要给 HomeAssistant 安装 HomeKit 集成，可以参考官方文档。按照步骤一步一步进行即可。

最后在 iPhone 中添加设备，扫描 Home Assistant 中的二维码即可，最终效果如下:

然后你就可以通过 Siri 控制 HomeKit 啦。

另外，如果你家中有 HomePod 作为家庭中枢，你甚至可以在外网直接控制家里的 HomeAssistant 设备，因为 HomePod 会转发你的请求到家中的设备上。iPad 也可以作为家庭中枢，在这里打开:

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将 PC 的开启和关闭接入 Home Assistant

编辑配置文件 (~/homeassistant/config/configuration.yaml )，添加以下内容:

homeassistant:
  customize: !include customize.yaml # 这里是允许调整开关的样式

switch:
  - platform: wake_on_lan
    name: gHan
    mac: "4C:CC:6A:B7:E6:D6"
    host: "192.168.31.10"
    turn_off:
      service: shell_command.turn_off_ghan

shell_command:
  turn_off_ghan: 'ssh 192.168.31.10 shutdown -h'

此时 HAAS 里已经可以查看到 gHan这台设备了，且能够正常环境。

但是为了能够关机，还需要再配置一个 ssh 白名单，逐步操作：

1. 修改 docker-compose.yaml 文件，将当前目录的 ssh 映射到容器中，形如：

version: '3'
services:
  homeassistant:
    container_name: homeassistant
    image: homeassistant/home-assistant:stable
    volumes:
      - ./config:/config
      - ./ssh:/root/.ssh:ro
      - /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime:ro
    restart: unless-stopped
    privileged: true
    network_mode: host

2. 重新生成 docker 并进入容器生成 ssh key:

sudo docker-compose up -d
sudo docker exec -it homeassistant /bin/bash
ssh-keygen

3. 回到宿主机，将 ~/homeassistant/ssh 中的公钥复制到台式机白名单中。
4. 开始使用，如图：

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通过 Prometheus 记录 Home Assistant 数据

想要将 HAAS 的数据记录在 Prometheus 中，只需要做下面的操作：

1. HAAS 开启 Prometheus 继承，只需要在 configuration.yaml 根项添加 prometheus: 即可，详情参考官方文档;
2. Prometheus 指定 HAAS 地址：编辑 prometheus.yml，在 scrape_configs 中添加一项即可：

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'haas'
    scrape_interval: 60s
    metrics_path: /api/prometheus
    authorization:
      credentials: "HERE_YOUR_TOKEN"
    scheme: https
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['haas.example.com']

HAAS Token 的生成方法，参考这里: https://developers.home-assistant.io/docs/auth_api/#long-lived-access-token

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Prometheus increase 函数在统计家庭用电量时遇到的波动问题

如果你要统计家里的用电量，使用这种函数: increase(haas_sensor_energy_kwh{entity="sensor.lumi_mcn02_efbf_power_cost_today"}[10y])

你会发现当时间范围很小时，比如最近半小时，绘制出的曲线有上下波动，仿佛是用电量为负数导致的一样：

其实这是 Prometheus 的特性 线性外插 特性导致 increase 函数失真，参考这篇博客：Prometheus increase 函数返回值变变小

怎么解决呢？使用 round 函数抹平这种误差：round(increase(haas_sensor_energy_kwh{entity="sensor.lumi_mcn02_efbf_power_cost_today"}[10y]),0.1)

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上 k8s 咯

配置整体上和 docker compose 是一样的，有个注意点，切换到 k8s 后仍需要保持 hostNetwork true 的设置，否则 homekit, esphome, WOL 等依赖底层网络特性的插件都都将失效。

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: homeassistant-config-pv-local
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 2Gi
  volumeMode: Filesystem
  accessModes:
  - ReadWriteOnce
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain
  storageClassName: homeassistant-config-local-storage
  local:
    path: /home/ziyuan/homeassistant/config
  nodeAffinity:
    required:
      nodeSelectorTerms:
      - matchExpressions:
        - key: kubernetes.io/hostname
          operator: In
          values:
          - pve-ubuntu

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
  name: homeassistant-ssh-pv-local
spec:
  capacity:
    storage: 2Gi
  volumeMode: Filesystem
  accessModes:
  - ReadWriteOnce
  persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Retain
  storageClassName: homeassistant-ssh-local-storage
  local:
    path: /home/ziyuan/homeassistant/ssh
  nodeAffinity:
    required:
      nodeSelectorTerms:
      - matchExpressions:
        - key: kubernetes.io/hostname
          operator: In
          values:
          - pve-ubuntu

---
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
  name: homeassistant-config-local-storage
provisioner: kubernetes.io/no-provisioner
volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer

---
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:
  name: homeassistant-ssh-local-storage
provisioner: kubernetes.io/no-provisioner
volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer

---
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: homeassistant-config-pvc-local
spec:
  accessModes:
  - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 2Gi
  storageClassName: homeassistant-config-local-storage

---
kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: homeassistant-ssh-pvc-local
spec:
  accessModes:
  - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 10Mi
  storageClassName: homeassistant-ssh-local-storage

---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: homeassistant
  namespace: default
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      name: homeassistant
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: homeassistant
    spec:
      hostNetwork: true
      containers:
      - name: homeassistant
        image: ghcr.dockerproxy.com/home-assistant/home-assistant:2024.3.3
        securityContext:
          capabilities:
            add:
            - NET_ADMIN
            - NET_RAW
            - NET_BROADCAST
        ports:
        - containerPort: 8123
        volumeMounts:
        - name: config
          mountPath: /config
        - name: ssh
          mountPath: /root/.ssh
          readOnly: true
        - name: time
          mountPath: /etc/localtime
          readOnly: true
      volumes:
      - name: config
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: homeassistant-config-pvc-local
      - name: ssh
        persistentVolumeClaim:
          claimName: homeassistant-ssh-pvc-local
      - name: time
        hostPath:
          path: /etc/localtime

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: homeassistant
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  clusterIP: 10.43.235.121
  selector:
    name: homeassistant
  ports:
  - port: 8123
    targetPort: 8123

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访问 Home Assistant 提示 400: Bad Request

当我的 Home Assistant 位于 2 个反向代理后，遇到了该问题。流量如下: 客户端 -> Ngixn -> K8s Ingress -> Home Assistant

解决方案，在 Home Assistant 的配置文件中添加以下配置：

http:
  use_x_forwarded_for: true
  trusted_proxies:
    - XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX # Add the IP address of the proxy server

对我来说，具体配置如下:

http:
  use_x_forwarded_for: true
  trusted_proxies:
    - 192.168.31.0/24 # 局域网 IP 范围
    - 10.42.0.0/16 # k8s IP 范围
    - 100.64.0.0/10 # Tailscale IP 范围