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XLSX I/O

Mentioned in Awesome C

Cross-platform C library for reading values from and writing values to .xlsx files.

Description

XLSX I/O aims to provide a C library for reading and writing .xlsx files. The .xlsx file format is the native format used by Microsoft(R) Excel(TM) since version 2007.

Goal

The library was written with the following goals in mind:

  • written in standard C, but allows being used by C++
  • simple interface
  • small footprint
  • portable across different platforms (Windows, *nix)
  • minimal dependencies: only depends on expat (only for reading) and minizip or libzip (which in turn depend on zlib)
  • separate library for reading and writing .xlsx files
  • does not require Microsoft(R) Excel(TM) to be installed

Reading .xlsx files:

  • intended to process .xlsx files as a data table, which assumes the following:
    • assumes the first row contains header names
    • assumes the next rows contain values in the same columns as where the header names are supplied
    • only values are processed, anything else is ignored (formulas, layout, graphics, charts, ...)
  • the entire shared string table is loaded in memory (warning: could be large for big spreadsheets with a lot of different values)
  • supports .xlsx files without shared string table
  • worksheet data itself is read on the fly without the need to buffer data in memory
  • 2 methods are provided
    • a simple method that allows the application to iterate trough rows and cells
    • an advanced method (with less overhead) which calls callback functions for each cell and after each row

Writing .xlsx files:

  • intended for writing data tables as .xlsx files, which assumes the following:
    • only support for writing data (no support for formulas, layout, graphics, charts, ...)
    • no support for multiple worksheets (only one worksheet per file)
  • on the fly file generation without the need to buffer data in memory
  • no support for shared strings (all values are written as inline strings)

Libraries

The following libraries are provided:

  • -lxlsxio_read - library for reading .xlsx files, requires #include <xlsxio_read.h>
  • -lxlsxio_write - library for writing .xlsx files, requires #include <xlsxio_write.h>
  • -lxlsxio_readw - experimental library for reading .xlsx files, linked with -lexpatw, requires #define XML_UNICODE before #include <xlsxio_read.h>

Command line utilities

Some command line utilities are included:

  • xlsxio_xlsx2csv - converts all sheets in all specified .xlsx files to individual CSV (Comma Separated Values) files.
  • xlsxio_csv2xlsx - converts all specified CSV (Comma Separated Values) files to .xlsx files.

Dependencies

This project has the following dependencies:

Note that minizip is preferred, as there have been reports that .xlsx files generated with XLSX I/O built against libzip can't be opened with LibreOffice.

There is no dependency on Microsoft(R) Excel(TM).

XLSX I/O was written with cross-platform portability in mind and works on multiple operating systems, including Windows, macOS and Linux.

Building from source

Requirements:

  • a C compiler like gcc or clang, on Windows MinGW and MinGW-w64 are supported
  • the dependency libraries (see Dependencies)
  • a shell environment, on Windows MSYS is supported
  • the make command
  • CMake version 2.6 or higher (optional, but preferred)

There are 2 methods to build XLSX I/O:

  • using the basic Makefile included
  • using CMake (preferred)

Building with make

  • build and install by running make install optionally followed by:
    • PREFIX=<path> - Base path were files will be installed (defaults to /usr/local)
    • WITH_LIBZIP=1 - Use libzip instead of minizip
    • WIDE=1 - Also build UTF-16 library (xlsxio_readw)
    • STATICDLL=1 - Build a static DLL (= doesn't depend on any other DLLs) - only supported on Windows

Building with CMake (preferred method)

  • configure by running cmake -G"Unix Makefiles" (or cmake -G"MSYS Makefiles" on Windows) optionally followed by:
    • -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX:PATH=<path> Base path were files will be installed
    • -DXLSXIO_BUILD_STATIC:BOOL=OFF - Don't build static libraries
    • -DXLSXIO_BUILD_SHARED:BOOL=OFF - Don't build shared libraries
    • -DXLSXIO_BUILD_TOOLS:BOOL=OFF - Don't build tools (only libraries)
    • -DXLSXIO_BUILD_EXAMPLES:BOOL=OFF - Don't build examples
    • -DXLSXIO_WITH_LIBZIP:BOOL=ON - Use libzip instead of Minizip
    • -DLIBZIP_DIR:PATH=<path> - Location of libzip library
    • -DMINIZIP_DIR:PATH=<path> - Location of Minizip library
    • -DXLSXIO_WITH_WIDE:BOOL=ON - Also build UTF-16 library (libxlsxio_readw)
  • build and install by running make install (or make install/strip to strip symbols)

Prebuilt binaries

Prebuilt binaries are also available for download for the following platforms:

  • Windows 32-bit
  • Windows 64-bit

Both Windows versions were built using the MinGW-w64 under an MSYS2 shell. To link with the .dll libraries from Microsoft Visual C++ you need a .lib file for each .dll. This file can be generated using the lib tool that comes with Microsoft Visual C++.

For 32-bit Windows:

cd lib
lib /def:libxlsxio_write.def /out:libxlsxio_write.lib /machine:x86
lib /def:libxlsxio_read.def /out:libxlsxio_read.lib /machine:x86
lib /def:libxlsxio_readw.def /out:libxlsxio_readw.lib /machine:x86

For 64-bit Windows:

cd lib
lib /def:libxlsxio_write.def /out:libxlsxio_write.lib /machine:x64
lib /def:libxlsxio_read.def /out:libxlsxio_read.lib /machine:x64
lib /def:libxlsxio_readw.def /out:libxlsxio_readw.lib /machine:x64

Example C programs

Reading from an .xlsx file

#include <xlsxio_read.h>
//open .xlsx file for reading
xlsxioreader xlsxioread;
if ((xlsxioread = xlsxioread_open(filename)) == NULL) {
  fprintf(stderr, "Error opening .xlsx file\n");
  return 1;
}

//read values from first sheet
char* value;
xlsxioreadersheet sheet;
const char* sheetname = NULL;
printf("Contents of first sheet:\n");
if ((sheet = xlsxioread_sheet_open(xlsxioread, sheetname, XLSXIOREAD_SKIP_EMPTY_ROWS)) != NULL) {
  //read all rows
  while (xlsxioread_sheet_next_row(sheet)) {
    //read all columns
    while ((value = xlsxioread_sheet_next_cell(sheet)) != NULL) {
      printf("%s\t", value);
      xlsxioread_free(value);
    }
    printf("\n");
  }
  xlsxioread_sheet_close(sheet);
}

//clean up
xlsxioread_close(xlsxioread);

Listing all worksheets in an .xlsx file

#include <xlsxio_read.h>
//open .xlsx file for reading
xlsxioreader xlsxioread;
if ((xlsxioread = xlsxioread_open(filename)) == NULL) {
  fprintf(stderr, "Error opening .xlsx file\n");
  return 1;
}

//list available sheets
xlsxioreadersheetlist sheetlist;
const char* sheetname;
printf("Available sheets:\n");
if ((sheetlist = xlsxioread_sheetlist_open(xlsxioread)) != NULL) {
  while ((sheetname = xlsxioread_sheetlist_next(sheetlist)) != NULL) {
    printf(" - %s\n", sheetname);
  }
  xlsxioread_sheetlist_close(sheetlist);
}

//clean up
xlsxioread_close(xlsxioread);

Writing to an .xlsx file

#include <xlsxio_write.h>
//open .xlsx file for writing (will overwrite if it already exists)
xlsxiowriter handle;
if ((handle = xlsxiowrite_open(filename, "MySheet")) == NULL) {
  fprintf(stderr, "Error creating .xlsx file\n");
  return 1;
}

//write column names
xlsxiowrite_add_column(handle, "Col1", 16);
xlsxiowrite_add_column(handle, "Col2", 0);
xlsxiowrite_next_row(handle);

//write data
int i;
for (i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
  xlsxiowrite_add_cell_string(handle, "Test");
  xlsxiowrite_add_cell_int(handle, i);
  xlsxiowrite_next_row(handle);
}

//close .xlsx file
xlsxiowrite_close(handle);

License

XLSX I/O is released under the terms of the MIT License (MIT), see LICENSE.txt.

This means you are free to use XLSX I/O in any of your projects, from open source to commercial.

This library does not require Microsoft(R) Excel(TM) to be installed.