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TiDB User Account Management
Learn how to manage a TiDB user account.
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/docs/sql/user-account-management/

TiDB User Account Management

This document describes how to manage a TiDB user account.

User names and passwords

TiDB stores the user accounts in the table of the mysql.user system database. Each account is identified by a user name and the client host. Each account may have a password.

You can connect to the TiDB server using the MySQL client, and use the specified account and password to login:

shell> mysql --port 4000 --user xxx --password

Or use the abbreviation of command line parameters:

shell> mysql -P 4000 -u xxx -p

Add user accounts

You can create TiDB accounts in two ways:

  • By using the standard account-management SQL statements intended for creating accounts and establishing their privileges, such as CREATE USER and GRANT.
  • By manipulating the grant tables directly with statements such as INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE.

It is recommended to use the account-management statements, because manipulating the grant tables directly can lead to incomplete updates. You can also create accounts by using third party GUI tools.

The following example uses the CREATE USER and GRANT statements to set up four accounts:

mysql> CREATE USER 'finley'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'some_pass';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'finley'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> CREATE USER 'finley'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'some_pass';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'finley'@'%' WITH GRANT OPTION;
mysql> CREATE USER 'admin'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin_pass';
mysql> GRANT RELOAD,PROCESS ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost';
mysql> CREATE USER 'dummy'@'localhost';

To see the privileges for an account, use SHOW GRANTS:

mysql> SHOW GRANTS FOR 'admin'@'localhost';
+-----------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for admin@localhost                          |
+-----------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT RELOAD, PROCESS ON *.* TO 'admin'@'localhost' |
+-----------------------------------------------------+

Remove user accounts

To remove a user account, use the DROP USER statement:

mysql> DROP USER 'test'@'localhost';

Reserved user accounts

TiDB creates the 'root'@'%' default account during the database initialization.

Set account resource limits

Currently, TiDB does not support setting account resource limits.

Assign account passwords

TiDB stores passwords in the mysql.user system database. Operations that assign or update passwords are permitted only to users with the CREATE USER privilege, or, alternatively, privileges for the mysql database (INSERT privilege to create new accounts, UPDATE privilege to update existing accounts).

  • To assign a password when you create a new account, use CREATE USER and include an IDENTIFIED BY clause:

    CREATE USER 'test'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypass';

  • To assign or change a password for an existing account, use SET PASSWORD FOR or ALTER USER:

    SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'%' = 'xxx';

    Or:

    ALTER USER 'test'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'mypass';

Forget the root password

  1. Modify the configuration file by adding skip-grant-table in the security part:

    [security]
skip-grant-table = true

  2. Restart TiDB using the modified configuration (the root privilege is required):

    sudo ./tidb-server -skip-grant-table=true -store=tikv -path=...

    By using the skip-grant-table configuration parameter, TiDB skips the privilege system.

  3. Use root to log in and then modify the password:

    mysql -h 127.0.0.1 -P 4000 -u root

FLUSH PRIVILEGES

If you modified the grant tables directly, run the following command to apply changes immediately:

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

For details, see Privilege Management.