voices_and_tenses.txt

The Inform Library version 6.12 introduces two fun new ways of
storytelling.  First, you can use first-person and third person
narrative voices.  Second, you can use past tense.  The typical way to
write interactive fiction has been for the game to talk about the player
in the second-person narrative voice in the present tense.  For example:

  > PUT COOKIE ON TABLE
  You put the cookie on the table.

That's how Infocom usually did things and is Inform's default.  Now
suppose you, the author, want the story to read more like an
autobiography.  Consider this:

  > PUT COOKIE ON TABLE
  I put the cookie on the table.

This is the first-person narrative voice.  Third-person narrative voice
looks like this:

  > PUT COOKIE ON TABLE
  George puts the cookie on the table.

To cause these alternative narrative voices, the player object needs to
have a narrative_voice property with a value of 1 or 3.  Setting it to 2
results in the old regular behavior.  It's most convenient to do this in
the Initialise() routine like this:

  [ Initialise;
      location = TheRoom;
      player.narrative_voice = 1;
  ];

For third-person mode, some additional properties are necessary:

  [ Initialise;
      location = TheRoom;
      player.narrative_voice = 3;
      player.short_name = "George Jones";
      (player.&name)-->0 = 'George';
      (player.&name)-->1 = 'Jones';
  ];

The name property must be specified like this.  There are five slots to
which you may add dictionary words.

Using these modes may require a bit more discipline when it comes to
writing your prose and dealing with the default responses from new verbs
you introduce.  If the player always controls the same character and/or
the narrative voice never changes, you can write your verb subroutines
to always talk about George.  If the player changes characters or the
narrative voice changes, things get a bit more complicated.  Problems
like that can be solved by careful use of the CSubject functions which
are detailed at the end of this document.

Previously if you changed the player-character to something other than
selfobj, the former player-character would be described as "Your former
self" when typing "LOOK".  If you want to change bodies like this, you
must set player.short_name even if you use the old regular second-person
voice.  Make sure the narrative_voice, short_name, and name properties
are all sensibly set for all possible bodies the player might control.

Changing bodies can be a handy technique for implement flashbacks.
Create self2, self3, and so on for each time period you visit.  Just
change the player global to the self you want to be in control.  The
SelfClass class is provided with all the various properties a
player-character needs.  Use this class whenever you create a new self.

An interesting way of using the third-person voice is to give the PC a
generic name like "detective" (put that in the short_name and name
properties).  Then take away the PC's proper attribute.  This will cause
the library to address the PC as "the detective" and correctly
capitalize the word "the".  For instance:

  [ Initialise;
      location = theroom;
      player.narrative_voice = 3;
      player.short_name = "detective";
      (player.&name)-->0 = 'detective';
      give player ~proper;
  ];

This results in a room description like this:

  >PUT FOLDER ON TABLE
  The detective puts the folder on the table.

  >LOOK

  Squad Room
  This is the 13th Precinct's squad room.

  The detective can see a table (upon which is a folder).

  >INVENTORY
  The detective is carrying:
    a badge
    a revolver

The default article used to describe a non-proper PC is "the".  If you
want to talk about "a detective", just set player.article to "a".

There is another property for the player object: nameless.  This has
meaning only in the first-person or second-person narrative voices.
Normally if you're using either of these voices and the PC switches
bodies, the PC's former body is referred to as "My former self" or "Your
former self".  If you want the former body to be referred to some other
way, set player.nameless to false and set the name and short_name
properties to something appropriate.  If third-person narrative voice is
used, the nameless property is ignored.  "The detective" isn't
namelessness.  It's just not a proper name.

The Library uses the CSubject subroutines to figure out when to say "I",
"You", or "George".  You can use them too.  The most important of these
is CSubjectVerb().  It handles the conjugation of verbs used by the
actor.  These are its parameters:
	obj		The actor who is doing something.
	reportage	Boolean: causes the actor to "observe"[1]
	nocaps		Boolean: Don't capitalise if "you" is used[2].
	v1		1st person "I" present verb.
	v2		2nd person "You" present verb[3].
	v3		3rd person "He", "she", or "it" present verb.
	past		The past tense form of the verb[4].

[1] In the Library itself, "reportage" is used in SubjectNotPlayer()
which determines the correct conjugation for certain actions performed
by NPCs.  If this is "false", then this will happen:
    >SALLY, RUB LAMP
    Sally achieves nothing by this.
If this is "true" then this happens:
    >SALLY, RUB LAMP
    Sally observes that she achieves nothing by this.
This sort of thing can be important if you want to imply that the NPC is
aware of the result of an action.

[2] When the second-person voice is used, responses very often begin
with "You".  Suppose you want to put a conjunction like "but" in front
of "you".  For instance:
    >EAT PUDDING
    But you can't have any pudding if you don't eat your meat!
See that "you" is not capitalised.  If you omit this parameter, it will
be false and therefore the game will capitalise "you".  If you want to
use a conjunction as in the above example, pass "true".

[3] The v2 parameter is usually not necessary because the first and
second person present forms of verbs are usually the same.  Unless you
have something special planned, pass 0 for v2.

[4] Past tense can be useful for implementing a flashback.  For
instance:
    >EXAMINE VASE
    The vase was very expensive-looking.


Here's an example of using CSubjectVerb():
   CSubjectVerb(actor,false,false,"close",0,"closes","closed"); " ",
     (the) x1, ".";

The default is to use the present tense.  If you want to change to the
past tense, set player.narrative_tense to PAST_TENSE.  To change back,
change it to PRESENT_TENSE.  If you're doing something more complicated,
like going back and forth between the present and the past, it can be
handy to create a "past PC" with its own posessions and properties.
That one always has its narrative_tense set to PAST_TENSE.  Then when
you want to flash back, simply call ChangePlayer() appropriately.

There is a helper function called Tense() that doesn't quite fit in with
the CSubject functions.  This one takes two parameters: present and
past.  Its purpose is to keep the tense of various verbs straight.  It's
not meant for sorting out narrative voices, but instead is applied after
that has been sorted out.  In fact, Tense() is used extensively in the
CSubject helper functions to do just that.  Here's how to use it:
    print "After the storm, there still ";
    Tense("isn't", "wasn't");
    " enough rainfall.";

Most of the rest of the CSubject functions are wrappers for commonly
used verbs: "is", "isn't", "has", "will", "can", "can't", and "don't".
These have only three parameters: obj, reportage, and nocaps.  You can
call these with two or one parameters if you like. The functions will
receive 0 (also false) for missing trailing parameters. CSubjectVoice()
is similar to CSubjectVerb() except that the name of the subject is not
printed.

Here they are along with sample calls:

CSubjectIs()
    CSubjectIs(x1,true); " already closed.";

CSubjectIsnt()
    print "But ";
    CSubjectIsnt(actor,true,false);
    " in anything at the moment.";

CSubjectHas()
    CSubjectHas(actor,false); " better things to do.";

CSubjectWill()
    CSubjectWill(actor,true); " first have to close ", (the) x1, ".";

CSubjectCan()
    CSubjectCan(actor,true);
    " only get into something free-standing.";

CSubjectCant()
    CSubjectCant(actor,true);
    " usefully blow ", (thatorthose) x1, ".";

CSubjectDont()
    CSubjectDont(x1,true); " seem to fit the lock.";

CSubjectVoice()
     print "What ";
     CSubjectVoice(player, "do", "do", "does", "did");
     print " ";
     CSubjectVerb(player, false, true, "want", "want", "want", "want");
     " to do?";