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Dynatrace OpenKit - Java Example

The following document provides an in depth overview, how OpenKit can be used from developer's point of view. It explains the usage of all the API methods.

Obtaining an OpenKit Instance

Depending on the backend a new OpenKit instance can be obtained by using either DynatraceOpenKitBuilder. Despite from this, the developer does not need to distinguish between different backend systems.

Dynatrace

For Dynatrace SaaS and Dynatrace Managed the DynatraceOpenKitBuilder is used to build new OpenKit instances.

String applicationID = "application-id";
long deviceID = 42;
String endpointURL = "https://tenantid.beaconurl.com/mbeacon";

OpenKit openKit = new DynatraceOpenKitBuilder(endpointURL, applicationID, deviceID).build();
  • The endpointURL denotes the Dynatrace endpoint OpenKit communicates with and is shown when creating the application in Dynatrace. The endpoint URL can be found in the settings page of the custom application in Dynatrace.
  • The applicationID parameter is the unique identifier of the application in Dynatrace Saas. The application's id can be found in the settings page of the custom application in Dynatrace.
  • The deviceID is a unique identifier, which might be used to uniquely identify a device.

❕ For Dynatrace Managed the endpoint URL looks a bit different.

Optional Configuration

In addition to the mandatory parameters described above, the builder provides additional methods to further customize OpenKit. This includes device specific information like operating system, manufacturer, or model id.

Method Name Description Default Value
withApplicationVersion sets the application version "3.4.0"
withOperatingSystem sets the operating system name "OpenKit 3.4.0"
withManufacturer sets the manufacturer "Dynatrace"
withModelID sets the model id "OpenKitDevice"
withDataCollectionLevel sets the data collection level DataCollectionLevel.USER_BEHAVIOR
withCrashReportingLevel sets the crash reporting level CrashReportingLevel.OPT_IN_CRASHES
withBeaconCacheMaxRecordAge sets the maximum age of an entry in the beacon cache in milliseconds 45 min
withBeaconCacheLowerMemoryBoundary sets the lower memory boundary of the beacon cache in bytes 80 MB
withBeaconCacheUpperMemoryBoundary sets the upper memory boundary of the beacon cache in bytes 100 MB
withTrustManager sets a custom SSLTrustManager instance, replacing the builtin default one.
Details are described in section SSL/TLS Security in OpenKit.		 SSLStrictTrustManager
withLogLevel sets the default log level if the default logger is used LogLevel.WARN
withLogger sets a custom logger, replacing the builtin default one.
Details are described in section Logging.		 DefaultLogger
withHttpRequestInterceptor sets a custom HttpRequestInterceptor instance, replacing the builtin default one.
Details are described in section Intercepting HTTP traffic to Dynatrace.		 NullHttpRequestInterceptor
withHttpResponseInterceptor sets a custom HttpResponseInterceptor instance, replacing the builtin default one.
Details are described in section Intercepting HTTP traffic to Dynatrace.		 NullHttpResponseInterceptor

❕ Please refer to the the JavaDoc for more information regarding possible configuration values.

SSL/TLS Security in OpenKit

All OpenKit communication to the backend happens via HTTPS (TLS/SSL based on Java Framework support). By default OpenKit expects valid server certificates. However it is possible, if really needed, to bypass TLS/SSL certificate validation. This can be achieved by passing an implementation of SSLTrustManager by calling the withTrustManager on the builder.

⚠️ We do NOT recommend bypassing TLS/SSL server certificate validation, since this allows man-in-the-middle attacks.

⚠️ Dynatrace SaaS supports only TLS 1.2+.

Intercepting HTTP traffic to Dynatrace

When routing traffic through own network infrastructure it might be necessary to intercept HTTP traffic to Dynatrace and add or overwrite HTTP headers. This can be achieved by implementing the HttpRequestInterceptor interface and passing an instance to the builder by calling the withHttpRequestInterceptor method. OpenKit invokes the HttpRequestInterceptor#intercept(HttpRequest) method for each request sent to Dynatrace. It might be required to intercept the HTTP response and read custom response headers. This can be achieved by implementing the HttpResponseInterceptor interface and passing an instance to the builder by calling withHttpResponseInterceptor. OpenKit calls the HttpResponseInterceptor#intercept(HttpResponse) for each HTTP response received by the backend.

Logging

By default, OpenKit uses a logger implementation that logs to stdout. If the default logger is used, the desired minimum log level can be set by calling withLogLevel in the builder, and only messages with the same or higher priorities are logged.

A custom logger can be set by calling withLogger in the builder. When a custom logger is used, a call to withLogLevel has no effect. In that case, debug and info logs are logged depending on the values returned in isDebugEnabled and isInfoEnabled.

Initializing OpenKit

When obtaining an OpenKit instance from the OpenKit builder the instance starts an automatic initialization phase. By default, initialization is performed asynchronously.

There might be situations when a developer wants to ensure that initialization is completed before proceeding with the program logic. For example, short-lived applications where a valid init and shutdown cannot be guaranteed. In such a case waitForInitCompletion can be used.

// wait until the OpenKit instance is fully initialized
boolean success = openKit.waitForInitCompletion();

❕ Please refer to the Javadoc for additional information.

The method waitForInitCompletion blocks the calling thread until OpenKit is initialized. In case of misconfiguration this might block the calling thread indefinitely. The return value indicates whether the OpenKit instance has been initialized or shutdown has been called meanwhile.
An overloaded method exists to wait a given amount of time for OpenKit to initialize as shown in the following example.

// wait up to 10 seconds for OpenKit to complete initialization
long timeoutInMilliseconds = 10 * 1000;
boolean success = openKit.waitForInitCompletion(timeoutInMilliseconds);

The method returns false in case the timeout expired or shutdown has been invoked in the meantime and true to indicate successful initialization.

To verify if OpenKit has been initialized, use the isInitialized method as shown in the example below.

boolean isInitialized = openKit.isInitialized();
if (isInitialized) {
    System.out.println("OpenKit is initialized");
} else {
    System.out.println("OpenKit is not yet initialized");
}

Creating a Session

After setting application version and device information, which is not mandatory, but might be useful, a Session can be created by invoking the createSession method.
There are two createSession methods:

  1. Taking an IP address as string argument, which might be a valid IPv4 or IPv6 address. If the argument is not a valid IP address a reasonable default value is used.
  2. An overload taking no arguments. In this case the IP which communicates with the server is assigned on the server.

The example shows how to create sessions.

// create a session and pass an IP address
String clientIPAddress = "12.34.56.78";
Session sessionWithArgument = openKit.createSession(clientIPAddress);

// create a session and let the IP be assigned on the server side
Session sessionWithoutArgument = openKit.createSession();

Identify User

Users can be identified by calling identifyUser on a Session instance. This enables you to search and filter specific user sessions and analyze individual user behavior over time in the backend.

session.identifyUser("jane.doe@example.com");

Finishing a Session

When a Session is no longer needed, it should be ended by invoking the end method.
Although all open sessions are automatically ended when OpenKit is shut down (see "Terminating the OpenKit instance") it's highly recommended to end sessions which are no longer in use manually.

session.end();
session = null; // not needed, just used to indicate that the session is no longer valid.

Reporting a Crash

Unexpected application crashes can be reported via a Session by invoking the reportCrash method.
The example below shows how an exception might be reported.

    private static int div(int numerator, int denominator) {
        return numerator / denominator;
    }

    public static void divWithCrash() {
        int numerator = 5;
        int denominator = 0;
        try {
            System.out.println("Got: " + div(numerator, denominator));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            String errorName = e.getClass().getName();
            String reason = e.getMessage();
            String stacktrace = getStackTraceAsString(e); // get the stacktrace as string, similar as e.printStackTrace()
            // and now report the application crash via the session
            session.reportCrash(errorName, reason, stacktrace);
        }
    }

Alternatively the reportCrash(Throwable) overloaded method can be used, which is provided for convenience. The example below shows how to report a Throwable as crash.

    private static int div(int numerator, int denominator) {
        return numerator / denominator;
    }

    public static void divWithCrash() {
        int numerator = 5;
        int denominator = 0;
        try {
            System.out.println("Got: " + div(numerator, denominator));
        } catch (Exception e) {
            // report the caught Exception as crash
            session.reportCrash(e);
        }
    }

Starting a RootAction

As mentioned in the README root actions and actions are hierarchical named events, where a RootAction represents the first hierarchy level. A RootAction can have child actions (Action) and is created from a Session as shown in the example below.

String rootActionName = "rootActionName";
RootAction rootAction = session.enterAction(rootActionName);

Since RootAction extends the Action interface all further methods are the same for both interfaces, except for creating child actions, which can only be done with a RootAction.

Entering a Child Action

To start a child Action from a previously started RootAction use the enterAction method from RootAction, as demonstrated below.

String childActionName = "childActionName";
Action childAction = rootAction.enterAction(childActionName);

Leaving Actions

To leave an Action simply use the leaveAction method. The method returns the parent action or null if it has no parent.

Action parentAction = action.leaveAction(); // returns the appropriate RootAction
Action parent = parentAction.leaveAction(); // will always return null

Canceling Actions

Canceling an Action is similar to leaving an Action, except that the Action will be discarded and not reported to Dynatrace. Open child objects, like child actions and web request tracers, will be discarded as well. To cancel an Action simply use the method cancelAction as shown in the example below.

Action parentAction = action.cancelAction(); // returns the appropriate RootAction
Action parent = parentAction.cancelAction(); // will always return null

Obtaining an Action duration

To get the Action duration use the method getDurationInMilliseconds. The method returns the difference between the end time and start time, if the Action is left or canceled.
If the Action is still ongoing, the duration is the difference between the current time and start time.

long durationInMilliseconds = action.getDurationInMilliseconds(); // gives current time - action start time
action.leaveAction();
durationInMilliseconds = action.getDurationInMilliseconds(); // gives action end time - action start time

Business events capturing

With sendBizEvent, you can report business events. These events are standalone events, as OneAgent sends them detached from user actions or user sessions.

For more information on business events, see dynatrace documentation.

Map <String, JSONValue> attributes = new HashMap<String, JSONValue>();
attributes.put("event.name", JSONStringValue.fromString("Confirmed Booking"));
attributes.put("screen", JSONStringValue.fromString("booking-confirmation"));
attributes.put("product", JSONStringValue.fromString("Danube Anna Hotel"));
attributes.put("amount", JSONNumberValue.fromDouble(358.35));
attributes.put("currency", JSONStringValue.fromString("USD"));
attributes.put("reviewScore", JSONNumberValue.fromDouble(4.8));
attributes.put("arrivalDate", JSONStringValue.fromString("2022-11-05"));
attributes.put("departureDate", JSONStringValue.fromString("2022-11-15"));
attributes.put("journeyDuration", JSONNumberValue.fromLong(10));
attributes.put("adultTravelers", JSONNumberValue.fromLong(2));
attributes.put("childrenTravelers", JSONNumberValue.fromLong(0));

session.sendBizEvent('com.easytravel.funnel.booking-finished', attributes);

Report Named Event

To report a named event use the reportEvent method on Action.

String eventName = "eventName";
action.reportEvent(eventName);

// also report on the RootAction
rootAction.reportEvent(eventName);

Report Key-Value Pairs

Key-value pairs can also be reported via an Action as shown in the example below. Overloaded methods exist for the following value types:

  • int
  • long
  • double
  • String
// first report an int value
String keyIntType = "intType";
int valueInt = 42;
action.reportValue(keyIntType, valueInt);

// let's also report a long value 
String keyLongType = "longType";
long valueLong = Long.MAX_VALUE;
action.reportValue(keyLongType, valueLong);

// then let's report a double value
String keyDoubleType = "doubleType";
double valueDouble = 3.141592653589793;
action.reportValue(keyDoubleType, valueDouble);

// and also a string value
String keyStringType = "stringType";
String valueString = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog";
action.reportValue(keyStringType, valueString);

Report an Error

An Action has the possibility to report an error with a given name and error code.
The code fragment below shows how.

String errorName = "Unknown Error";
int errorCode = 42;

action.reportError(errorName, errorCode);

Errors can also be reported with the method Action.reportError(String errorName, String causeName, String causeDescription, String causeStackTrace), where

  • errorName is the name of the reported error
  • causeName is an optional short name of the cause, typically an Exception class name
  • causeDescription is an optional short description of the cause, typically Exception.getMessage()
  • causeStackTrace is an optional stack trace of the cause

The fragment below shows how to report such an error.

public void restrictedMethod() {
    if (!isUserAuthorized()) {
        // user is not authorized - report this as an error
        String errorName = "Authorization error";
        String causeName = "User not authorized";
        String causeDescription = "The current user is not authorized to call restrictedMethod.";
        String stackTrace = null; // no stack trace is reported

        action.reportError(errorName, causeName, causeDescription, stackTrace);

        return;
    }

    // ... further processing ...
}

It is also possible to report a caught exception as error. This is a convenience method for the Action.reportError(String, String, String, String) method mentioned above. The example below demonstrates how to report a Throwable as error.

try {
    // call a method that is throwing an exception 
    callMethodThrowingException();
} catch(Exception caughtException) {
    // report the caught exception as error via OpenKit
    String errorName = "Unknown Error";
    action.reportError(errorName, caughtException);
}

Tracing Web Requests

One of the most powerful OpenKit features is web request tracing. When the application starts a web request (e.g. HTTP GET) a special tag can be attached to the header. This special header allows Dynatrace SaaS/Dynatrace Managed to correlate actions with a server side PurePath.

An example is shown below.

// create URL and open URLConnection
URL url = new URL("http://www.my-backend.com/api/v3/users");
URLConnection urlConnection = url.openConnection();

// create the WebRequestTracer
WebRequestTracer webRequestTracer = action.traceWebRequest(urlConnection);
webRequestTracer.start();

// consume data
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(uc.getInputStream()));
String inputLine;
while ((inputLine = in.readLine()) != null) {
    // TODO - do something usefule with response
}
in.close();

// stop web request tracing when done
webRequestTracer.stop(200);     // would use the HTTP response code normally.

If a third party lib is used for HTTP requests, the developer has the possibility to use an overloaded traceWebRequest method, taking only the URL string as argument. However when using this overloaded method the developer is responsible for adding the appropriate header field to the request.
The field name can be obtained from OpenKitConstants.WEBREQUEST_TAG_HEADER and the field's value is obtained from getTag method (see class WebRequestTracer).

String url = "http://www.my-backend.com/api/v3/users";

// create the WebRequestTracer
WebRequestTracer webRequestTracer = action.traceWebRequest(url);

// this is the HTTP header name & value which needs to be added to the HTTP request.
String headerName = OpenKitConstants.WEBREQUEST_TAG_HEADER;
String headerValue = webRequestTracer.getTag();

webRequestTracer.start();

// perform the request here & do not forget to add the HTTP header

webRequestTracer.setBytesSent(12345);     // 12345 bytes sent
webRequestTracer.setBytesReceived(67890); // 67890 bytes received
webRequestTracer.stop(200);               // 200 was the response code

Reporting optional metrics

After creating a Session object, it provides APIs to set additional mutable metrics like network technology, connection type or network carrier:

session.reportNetworkTechnology('technology');
session.reportCarrier('carrier');
session.reportConnectionType(ConnectionType.LAN);

Terminating the OpenKit Instance

When an OpenKit instance is no longer needed (e.g. the application using OpenKit is shut down), the previously obtained instance can be cleared by invoking the shutdown method.
Calling the shutdown method blocks the calling thread while the OpenKit flushes data which has not been transmitted yet to the backend (Dynatrace SaaS/Dynatrace Managed).
Details are explained in internals.md