feat: solve DaleStudy#287 with python

Author: EgonD3V

binary-tree-maximum-path-sum/EGON.py

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+from typing import Optional
+from unittest import TestCase, main
+
+
+# Definition for a binary tree node.
+class TreeNode:
+    def __init__(self, val=0, left=None, right=None):
+        self.val = val
+        self.left = left
+        self.right = right
+
+
+class Solution:
+    def maxPathSum(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> int:
+        return self.solve_dfs(root)
+
+    """
+    Runtime: 11 ms (Beats 98.62%)
+    Time Complexity: O(n)
+    > dfs를 통해 모든 node를 방문하므로 O(n)
+
+    Memory: 22.10 MB (Beats 10.70%)
+    Space Complexity: O(n)
+        - dfs 재귀 호출 스택의 깊이는 이진트리가 최악으로 편향된 경우 O(n), upper bound
+        - 나머지 변수는 O(1)
+        > O(n), upper bound
+    """
+    def solve_dfs(self, root: Optional[TreeNode]) -> int:
+        max_path_sum = float('-inf')
+
+        def dfs(node: Optional[TreeNode]) -> int:
+            nonlocal max_path_sum
+
+            if not node:
+                return 0
+
+            max_left = max(dfs(node.left), 0)
+            max_right = max(dfs(node.right), 0)
+            max_path_sum = max(max_path_sum, node.val + max_left + max_right)
+
+            return node.val + max(max_left, max_right)
+
+        dfs(root)
+
+        return max_path_sum
+
+
+class _LeetCodeTestCases(TestCase):
+    def test_1(self):
+        root = TreeNode(-10)
+        node_1 = TreeNode(9)
+        node_2 = TreeNode(20)
+        node_3 = TreeNode(15)
+        node_4 = TreeNode(7)
+        node_2.left = node_3
+        node_2.right = node_4
+        root.left = node_1
+        root.right = node_2
+
+        # root = [-10, 9, 20, None, None, 15, 7]
+        output = 42
+
+        self.assertEqual(Solution().maxPathSum(root), output)
+
+
+if __name__ == '__main__':
+    main()