Implement "major" postgres catalog views

[scsmithr]

Summary

A few additional postgres tables were added in #534. We'll want to continue to flesh out these tables. Our goal here isn't to implement all postgres tables, nor is to have completely correct semantics. So we'll want to add the "major" postgres tables, even if most of the columns returned back are null.

What's considered "major" isn't clear, but I think implementing most of what duckdb implements would be a good start: https://github.com/duckdb/duckdb/blob/master/src/catalog/default/default_views.cpp#L30-L49

Specifications

• Add the "major" views

Rationale

Postgres catalog compatibility.

External postgres tooling (some tools might be querying catalog under the hood and not work without the right compat)

Impact

Tasks

[greyscaled]

we've been doing this with #2436