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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta name="description" content="This document describes the INSPIRE Data Specification for the spatial data theme Administrative Units">
<meta name="keywords" content="INSPIRE Data Specification for the spatial data theme Administrative Units">
<meta name="author" content="Temporary MIWP 2021-2024 sub-group 2.3.1">
<meta name="copyright" content="Public">
<title>D2.8.I.4 Data Specification on Administrative Units – Technical Guidelines</title>
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<p><span class="image"><img src="./media/image3.png" alt="image" width="93" height="93"></span> <strong>INSPIRE</strong><strong>Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe</strong></p>
</div>
<h1 id="_d2_8_i_4_data_specification_on_administrative_units_technical_guidelines" class="discrete">D2.8.I.4 Data Specification on <em>Administrative Units</em> – Technical Guidelines</h1>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 17%;">
<col style="width: 83%;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Title</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">D2.8.I.4 Data Specification on Administrative Units – Technical Guidelines</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Creator</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Temporary MIWP 2021-2024 sub-group 2.3.1</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Date of publication</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">2024-01-31</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Subject</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">INSPIRE Data Specification for the spatial data theme Administrative Units</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Publisher</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">INSPIRE Maintenance and Implementation Group (MIG)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Type</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Text</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Description</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">This document describes the INSPIRE Data Specification for the spatial data theme Administrative Units</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Format</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">AsciiDoc</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Licence</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">Creative Commons Attribution (cc-by) 4.0</a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Rights</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Public</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Identifier</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/id/document/tg/au">D2.8.I.4_v3.2.0</a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Changelog</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://github.com/INSPIRE-MIF/technical-guidelines/releases/tag/v2024.1" class="bare">https://github.com/INSPIRE-MIF/technical-guidelines/releases/tag/v2024.1</a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Language</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">en</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Relation</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2007 establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE)</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
<h2 id="_foreword" class="discrete">Foreword</h2>
<h2 id="_how_to_read_the_document" class="discrete">How to read the document?</h2>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This document describes the <em>"INSPIRE data specification on Administrative Units – Technical Guidelines"</em> version 3.1(.0) as developed by the Thematic Working Group (TWG) <em>Administrative Units</em> using both natural and a conceptual schema language.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The data specification is based on a common template<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_1" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_1" title="View footnote.">1</a>]</sup> used for all data specifications, which has been harmonised using the experience from the development of the Annex I, II and III data specifications.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This document provides guidelines for the implementation of the provisions laid down in the draft Implementing Rule for spatial data sets and services of the INSPIRE Directive. It also includes additional requirements and recommendations that, although not included in the Implementing Rule, are relevant to guarantee or to increase data interoperability.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Two executive summaries provide a quick overview of the INSPIRE data specification process in general, and the content of the data specification on <em>Administrative Units</em> in particular. We highly recommend that managers, decision makers, and all those new to the INSPIRE process and/or information modelling should read these executive summaries first.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The UML diagrams (in Chapter 5) offer a rapid way to see the main elements of the specifications and their relationships. The definition of the spatial object types, attributes, and relationships are included in the Feature Catalogue (also in Chapter 5). People having thematic expertise but not familiar with UML can fully understand the content of the data model focusing on the Feature Catalogue. Users might also find the Feature Catalogue especially useful to check if it contains the data necessary for the applications that they run. The technical details are expected to be of prime interest to those organisations that are responsible for implementing INSPIRE within the field of <em>Administrative Units</em>, but also to other stakeholders and users of the spatial data infrastructure.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The technical provisions and the underlying concepts are often illustrated by examples. Smaller examples are within the text of the specification, while longer explanatory examples and descriptions of selected use cases are attached in the annexes.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In order to distinguish the INSPIRE spatial data themes from the spatial object types, the INSPIRE spatial data themes are written in <em>italics.</em></p>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 100%;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">The document will be publicly available as a 'non-paper'. It does not represent an official position of the European Commission, and as such cannot be invoked in the context of legal procedures.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Legal Notice</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication.</p>
</div>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
<h2 id="_interoperability_of_spatial_data_sets_and_services_general_executive_summary" class="discrete">Interoperability of Spatial Data Sets and Services – General Executive Summary</h2>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The challenges regarding the lack of availability, quality, organisation, accessibility, and sharing of spatial information are common to a large number of policies and activities and are experienced across the various levels of public authority in Europe. In order to solve these problems it is necessary to take measures of coordination between the users and providers of spatial information. The Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council adopted on 14 March 2007 aims at establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) for environmental policies, or policies and activities that have an impact on the environment.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>INSPIRE is based on the infrastructures for spatial information that are created and maintained by the Member States. To support the establishment of a European infrastructure, Implementing Rules addressing the following components of the infrastructure have been specified: metadata, interoperability of spatial data sets (as described in Annexes I, II, III of the Directive) and spatial data services, network services, data and service sharing, and monitoring and reporting procedures.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>INSPIRE does not require collection of new data. However, after the period specified in the Directive<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_2" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_2" title="View footnote.">2</a>]</sup> Member States have to make their data available according to the Implementing Rules.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Interoperability in INSPIRE means the possibility to combine spatial data and services from different sources across the European Community in a consistent way without involving specific efforts of humans or machines. It is important to note that "interoperability" is understood as providing access to spatial data sets through network services, typically via Internet. Interoperability may be achieved by either changing (harmonising) and storing existing data sets or transforming them via services for publication in the INSPIRE infrastructure. It is expected that users will spend less time and efforts on understanding and integrating data when they build their applications based on data delivered in accordance with INSPIRE.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In order to benefit from the endeavours of international standardisation bodies and organisations established under international law their standards and technical means have been utilised and referenced, whenever possible.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>To facilitate the implementation of INSPIRE, it is important that all stakeholders have the opportunity to participate in specification and development. For this reason, the Commission has put in place a consensus building process involving data users, and providers together with representatives of industry, research and government. These stakeholders, organised through Spatial Data Interest Communities (SDIC) and Legally Mandated Organisations (LMO)<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_3" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_3" title="View footnote.">3</a>]</sup>, have provided reference materials, participated in the user requirement and technical<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_4" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_4" title="View footnote.">4</a>]</sup> surveys, proposed experts for the Data Specification Drafting Team<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_5" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_5" title="View footnote.">5</a>]</sup>, the Thematic Working Groups<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_6" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_6" title="View footnote.">6</a>]</sup> and other ad-hoc cross-thematic technical groups and participated in the public stakeholder consultations on draft versions of the data specifications. These consultations covered expert reviews as well as feasibility and fitness-for-purpose testing of the data specifications<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_7" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_7" title="View footnote.">7</a>]</sup>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This open and participatory approach was successfully used during the development of the data specifications on Annex I, II and III data themes as well as during the preparation of the Implementing Rule on Interoperability of Spatial Data Sets and Services<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_8" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_8" title="View footnote.">8</a>]</sup> for Annex I spatial data themes and of its amendment regarding the themes of Annex II and III.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The development framework elaborated by the Data Specification Drafting Team aims at keeping the data specifications of the different themes coherent. It summarises the methodology to be used for the development of the data specifications, providing a coherent set of requirements and recommendations to achieve interoperability. The pillars of the framework are the following technical documents<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_9" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_9" title="View footnote.">9</a>]</sup>:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>The <em>Definition of Annex Themes and Scope</em> describes in greater detail the spatial data themes defined in the Directive, and thus provides a sound starting point for the thematic aspects of the data specification development.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <em>Generic Conceptual Model</em> defines the elements necessary for interoperability and data harmonisation including cross-theme issues. It specifies requirements and recommendations with regard to data specification elements of common use, like the spatial and temporal schema, unique identifier management, object referencing, some common code lists, etc. Those requirements of the Generic Conceptual Model that are directly implementable are included in the Implementing Rule on Interoperability of Spatial Data Sets and Services.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <em>Methodology for the Development of Data Specifications</em> defines a repeatable methodology. It describes how to arrive from user requirements to a data specification through a number of steps including use-case development, initial specification development and analysis of analogies and gaps for further specification refinement.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <em>Guidelines for the Encoding of Spatial Data</em> defines how geographic information can be encoded to enable transfer processes between the systems of the data providers in the Member States. Even though it does not specify a mandatory encoding rule it sets GML (ISO 19136) as the default encoding for INSPIRE.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <em>Guidelines for the use of Observations & Measurements and Sensor Web Enablement-related standards in INSPIRE Annex II and III data specification development</em> provides guidelines on how the "Observations and Measurements" standard (ISO 19156) is to be used within INSPIRE.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <em>Common data models</em> are a set of documents that specify data models that are referenced by a number of different data specifications. These documents include generic data models for networks, coverages and activity complexes.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The structure of the data specifications is based on the "ISO 19131 Geographic information - Data product specifications" standard. They include the technical documentation of the application schema, the spatial object types with their properties, and other specifics of the spatial data themes using natural language as well as a formal conceptual schema language<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_10" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_10" title="View footnote.">10</a>]</sup>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A consolidated model repository, feature concept dictionary, and glossary are being maintained to support the consistent specification development and potential further reuse of specification elements. The consolidated model consists of the harmonised models of the relevant standards from the ISO 19100 series, the INSPIRE Generic Conceptual Model, and the application schemas<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_11" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_11" title="View footnote.">11</a>]</sup> developed for each spatial data theme. The multilingual INSPIRE Feature Concept Dictionary contains the definition and description of the INSPIRE themes together with the definition of the spatial object types present in the specification. The INSPIRE Glossary defines all the terms (beyond the spatial object types) necessary for understanding the INSPIRE documentation including the terminology of other components (metadata, network services, data sharing, and monitoring).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>By listing a number of requirements and making the necessary recommendations, the data specifications enable full system interoperability across the Member States, within the scope of the application areas targeted by the Directive. The data specifications (in their version 3.0) are published as technical guidelines and provide the basis for the content of the Implementing Rule on Interoperability of Spatial Data Sets and Services<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_12" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_12" title="View footnote.">12</a>]</sup>. The content of the Implementing Rule is extracted from the data specifications, considering short- and medium-term feasibility as well as cost-benefit considerations. The requirements included in the Implementing Rule are legally binding for the Member States according to the timeline specified in the INSPIRE Directive.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In addition to providing a basis for the interoperability of spatial data in INSPIRE, the data specification development framework and the thematic data specifications can be reused in other environments at local, regional, national and global level contributing to improvements in the coherence and interoperability of data in spatial data infrastructures.</p>
</div>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
<h2 id="_administrative_units_executive_summary" class="discrete">Administrative Units – Executive Summary</h2>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><em>Administrative units</em> are included in Annex I, which means that they are considered as reference data, i.e. data that constitute the spatial frame for linking to and/or pointing at other information that belong to specific thematic fields such as the environment and socio-economic statistics, alongside many others.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>INSPIRE data specification on administrative units has been prepared following the participative principle of a consensus building process. The stakeholders, based on their registration as a Spatial Data Interest Community (SDIC) or a Legally Mandated Organisation (LMO) had the opportunity to bring forward user requirements and reference materials, propose experts for the specification’s development, and to participate in reviewing and testing the data specifications. The Thematic Working Group responsible for the specification development was composed of experts from Belgium, Germany, Norway, Poland and Sweden.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The specification process took place according to the methodology elaborated for INSPIRE respecting the requirements and the recommendation of the INSPIRE Generic Conceptual Model, which is one of the elements that ensures a coherent approach and cross-theme consistency with other themes in the Directive.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>During the specification development, the Thematic Working Group has considered widely the achievements of the EuroBoundaryMap product, which already achieved considerable results in harmonising administrative unit data held by the National Mapping and Cadastral Agencies of Europe.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>According to the definition of the Directive, administrative units are "units of administration dividing areas where Member States have and/or exercise jurisdictional rights for local, regional and national governance, separated by administrative boundaries". Based on the reference materials and the user requirements, the Thematic Working Group has added some other fundamental aspects like the hierarchical structure of administrative units and the relations with statistical units that have already been defined and in use within the EU-administration<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_13" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_13" title="View footnote.">13</a>]</sup>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Administrative units in INSPIRE play the role of generic information locators. Their main uses include</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>Searching / filtering other spatial data based on a name or code.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Linking / publishing thematic information in a rapid and comparable way.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>Finding competent authorities e.g. in case of disasters, for environmental protection , etc.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In addition administrative units may provide the frame for a boundary-based analysis of consistency of spatial objects (similar classification, geometrical matching) as required in Art. 8(4) and 10(2) of the Directive.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The administrative units data theme model is divided in two application schemas:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>The core element of the <strong>AdministrativeUnits application schema</strong> is the administrative unit represented by a surface geometry. In accordance with the Directive, each administrative unit carries a unique identifier. Administrative units are further described by their geographical name, the country of location, the national administrative code, and the hierarchical level within the administrative structure of the country. This information is completed, if available, with the life cycle information (when the administrative unit has been inserted or changed in the dataset, and when it has been (if ever) superseded or retired in the spatial data set), the name of the corresponding national level and the residence of the administrative authority.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The administrative division of the Members States follows a hierarchical structure where the lowest level units (often communes) are united in higher level units (like provinces, counties, etc) that compose other units at a higher level. It must be ensured that an administrative unit of an upper level is composed of one or more administrative units of a lower level. Lowest level administrative units are further characterised by their geometry and, where available, by the corresponding local administrative unit code. A special spatial object type called condominium has been introduced for describing independent administrative areas that are administered by two or more countries.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Administrative units are separated by administrative boundaries that are specified as lines. As mandatory properties they carry a unique identifier, information on the country, the administrative hierarchic level and their own geometry. These are complemented, when available, with the legal and technical status of the boundary and the life cycle information.</p>
</div>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <strong>MaritimeUnits application schema</strong> models the existing maritime zones. These are stripes or belts of sea defined according international treaties and conventions, where the coastal States execute their jurisdictional rights. Depending on the zone type property, they may concern an area of seabed, ocean floor, subsoil, resources, or even the air space over the sea, for cadastral, administrative, economic, security or safety purposes. These rights are established by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The baseline, the line from which the outer limits of the territorial sea is measured, serves as reference to calculate the breath of territorial sea, while determines the outer limits of other maritime zones by establishing respectively different distances measured from it.</p>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In contrast to the AdministrativeUnits model, no hierarchical structure is established between different maritime zones. However, they share common properties with administrative units, like the unique identifier and the country the maritime zone belongs to. All this information is again complemented, if available, with the life cycle information and the geographical name.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Following a common modelling approach with administrative units, maritime zones are separated by maritime boundaries that are specified as lines. As mandatory properties they carry a unique identifier, information on the country, and their own geometry. These are complemented, when available, with the legal and technical status of the boundary and the life cycle information.</p>
</div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In the INSPIRE administrative unit data specification, there are no mandatory quality requirements. However it is recommended that Member States provide the data at the source accuracy where possible targeting a minimal positional accuracy of 50 meters. The actual values of data quality sub-elements (completeness - commission and omission; logical consistency - conceptual, domain and topological consistency; positional accuracy – absolute ore external accuracy) should be published as metadata, when they are available. Metadata information have to be complemented with the necessary elements to comply with the Metadata Regulation 1205/2008/EC, the ones identified as needed for the interoperability of the Administrative Units theme and, if possible, those recommended in this specification.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Interoperability is further supported by a common reference system and provisions for visualisation. For the latter, simple rules for default portrayal are given in specifying the fill colour of the administrative units and maritime zones, and the line-width of their borders corresponding to administrative and maritime boundaries, as well as the font and size of the labels. Moreover, the default portrayal elements reflect the hierarchy of the represented spatial objects.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The main value of the INSPIRE Administrative Units theme data models is that they have a simple, yet flexible structure that allows data providers to publish their existing data in the most convenient way. Additionally, this specification has given a firm starting point for the related spatial data themes in Annex III of INSPIRE.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>As INSPIRE <em>Administrative units</em> data specification is the result of a detailed analysis of user requirements and strong consideration of existing initiatives that went beyond the strictly environmental scope, it is expected that it will also be a solid element of a multi-purpose European spatial data infrastructure.</p>
</div>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
<h2 id="_acknowledgements" class="discrete">Acknowledgements</h2>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Many individuals and organisations have contributed to the development of these Guidelines.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The Thematic Working Group Administrative Units (TWG-AU) included:</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Jesper Paasch (TWG Facilitator), Geir Myrind (TWG Editor), Ulrich Düren, Alina Kmiecik, Frederic Mortier, Ingrid Naumann, Katalin Tóth (European Commission contact point).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The initial MaritimeUnits application schema has been developed by the Annex III TWG Oceanographic geographical features & Sea Regions (TWG-OF-SR), which included:</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Keiran Millard (TWG Facilitator), Dominic Lowe (TWG Editor), Hans Mose Jensen, Marc Roesbeke, Carlo Brandini, Nuria Hermida, Maria Olvido Tello, Alessandro Sarretta (European Commission contact point till May 2012), Tomáš Řezník (European Commission contact point from May till August 2012), Michael Lutz & Vlado Cetl (European Commission contact points from August 2012).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The combined data specification including both application schemas has been created by Alina Kmiecik.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Other contributors to the INSPIRE data specifications are the Drafting Team Data Specifications, the JRC Data Specifications Team and the INSPIRE stakeholders - Spatial Data Interested Communities (SDICs) and Legally Mandated Organisations (LMOs).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Contact information</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Maria Vanda Nunes de Lima<br>
European Commission Joint Research Centre<br>
Institute for Environment and Sustainability<br>
Unit H06: Digital Earth and Reference Data<br>
TP262, Via Fermi 2749<br>
I-21027 Ispra (VA)<br>
ITALY<br>
E-mail: <a href="mailto:vanda.lima@jrc.ec.europa.eu">vanda.lima@jrc.ec.europa.eu</a><br>
Tel.: 39-0332-7865052<br>
Fax: 39-0332-7866325<br>
<a href="http://ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu/" class="bare">http://ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu/</a><br>
<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/jrc/" class="bare">http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/jrc/</a><br>
<a href="http://inspire.jrc.ec.europa.eu/" class="bare">http://inspire.jrc.ec.europa.eu/</a></p>
</div>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
<h1 id="_table_of_contents" class="discrete">Table of Contents</h1>
<div id="toc" class="toc">
<div id="toctitle" class="title"></div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_scope">1. Scope</a></li>
<li><a href="#_overview">2. Overview</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_name">2.1. Name</a></li>
<li><a href="#_informal_description">2.2. Informal description</a></li>
<li><a href="#_normative_references">2.3. Normative References</a></li>
<li><a href="#_terms_and_definitions">2.4. Terms and definitions</a></li>
<li><a href="#_symbols_and_abbreviations">2.5. Symbols and abbreviations</a></li>
<li><a href="#_how_the_technical_guidelines_map_to_the_implementing_rules">2.6. How the Technical Guidelines map to the Implementing Rules</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_requirements">2.6.1. Requirements</a></li>
<li><a href="#_recommendations">2.6.2. Recommendations</a></li>
<li><a href="#_conformance">2.6.3. Conformance</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_specification_scopes">3. Specification scopes</a></li>
<li><a href="#_identification_information">4. Identification information</a></li>
<li><a href="#_data_content_and_structure">5. Data content and structure</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_application_schemas_overview">5.1. Application schemas – Overview</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_application_schemas_included_in_the_irs">5.1.1. Application schemas included in the IRs</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_basic_notions">5.2. Basic notions</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_notation">5.2.1. Notation</a></li>
<li><a href="#_voidable_characteristics">5.2.2. Voidable characteristics</a></li>
<li><a href="#_code_lists">5.2.3. Code lists</a></li>
<li><a href="#_consistency_between_spatial_data_sets">5.2.4. Consistency between spatial data sets</a></li>
<li><a href="#_identifier_management">5.2.5. Identifier management</a></li>
<li><a href="#_geometry_representation">5.2.6. Geometry representation</a></li>
<li><a href="#_temporality_representation">5.2.7. Temporality representation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_administrative_units_application_schemas">5.3. Administrative Units – Application schemas</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_description">5.3.1. Description</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_application_schema_administrativeunits">5.4. Application schema AdministrativeUnits</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_description_2">5.4.1. Description</a></li>
<li><a href="#_feature_catalogue">5.4.2. Feature catalogue</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_application_schema_maritimeunits">5.5. Application schema MaritimeUnits</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_description_3">5.5.1. Description</a></li>
<li><a href="#_feature_catalogue_2">5.5.2. Feature catalogue</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_reference_systems_units_of_measure_and_grids">6. Reference systems, units of measure and grids</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_default_reference_systems_units_of_measure_and_grid">6.1. Default reference systems, units of measure and grid</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_coordinate_reference_systems">6.1.1. Coordinate reference systems</a></li>
<li><a href="#_temporal_reference_system">6.1.2. Temporal reference system</a></li>
<li><a href="#_units_of_measure">6.1.3. Units of measure</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_data_quality">7. Data quality</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_data_quality_elements">7.1. Data quality elements</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_completeness_commission">7.1.1. Completeness – Commission</a></li>
<li><a href="#_completeness_omission">7.1.2. Completeness – Omission</a></li>
<li><a href="#_logical_consistency_conceptual_consistency">7.1.3. Logical consistency – Conceptual consistency</a></li>
<li><a href="#_logical_consistency_domain_consistency">7.1.4. Logical consistency – Domain consistency</a></li>
<li><a href="#_logical_consistency_topological_consistency">7.1.5. Logical Consistency – Topological consistency</a></li>
<li><a href="#_positional_accuracy_absolute_or_external_accuracy">7.1.6. Positional accuracy – Absolute or external accuracy</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_minimum_data_quality_requirements">7.2. Minimum data quality requirements</a></li>
<li><a href="#_recommendation_on_data_quality">7.3. Recommendation on data quality</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_dataset_level_metadata">8. Dataset-level metadata</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_metadata_elements_defined_in_inspire_metadata_regulation">8.1. Metadata elements defined in INSPIRE Metadata Regulation</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_conformity">8.1.1. Conformity</a></li>
<li><a href="#_lineage">8.1.2. Lineage</a></li>
<li><a href="#_temporal_reference">8.1.3. Temporal reference</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_elements_for_interoperability">8.2. Metadata elements for interoperability</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_coordinate_reference_system">8.2.1. Coordinate Reference System</a></li>
<li><a href="#_temporal_reference_system_2">8.2.2. Temporal Reference System</a></li>
<li><a href="#_encoding">8.2.3. Encoding</a></li>
<li><a href="#_character_encoding">8.2.4. Character Encoding</a></li>
<li><a href="#_spatial_representation_type">8.2.5. Spatial representation type</a></li>
<li><a href="#_data_quality_logical_consistency_topological_consistency">8.2.6. Data Quality – Logical Consistency – Topological Consistency</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_recommended_theme_specific_metadata_elements">8.3. Recommended theme-specific metadata elements</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_maintenance_information">8.3.1. Maintenance Information</a></li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_elements_for_reporting_data_quality">8.3.2. Metadata elements for reporting data quality</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_delivery">9. Delivery</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_updates">9.1. Updates</a></li>
<li><a href="#_delivery_medium">9.2. Delivery medium</a></li>
<li><a href="#_encodings">9.3. Encodings</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_default_encodings">9.3.1. Default Encoding(s)</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_data_capture">10. Data Capture</a></li>
<li><a href="#_portrayal">11. Portrayal</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_layers_to_be_provided_by_inspire_view_services">11.1. Layers to be provided by INSPIRE view services</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_layers_organisation">11.1.1. Layers organisation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_styles_required_to_be_supported_by_inspire_view_services">11.2. Styles required to be supported by INSPIRE view services</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_styles_for_the_layer_au_administrativeunit">11.2.1. Styles for the layer AU.AdministrativeUnit</a></li>
<li><a href="#_styles_for_the_layer_au_administrativeboundary">11.2.2. Styles for the layer AU.AdministrativeBoundary</a></li>
<li><a href="#_styles_for_the_layer_au_condominium">11.2.3. Styles for the layer AU.Condominium</a></li>
<li><a href="#_styles_for_the_layer_au_baseline">11.2.4. Styles for the layer AU.Baseline</a></li>
<li><a href="#_styles_for_the_layer_au_maritimeboundary">11.2.5. Styles for the layer AU.MaritimeBoundary</a></li>
<li><a href="#_styles_for_the_layer_au_contiguouszone">11.2.6. Styles for the layer AU.ContiguousZone</a></li>
<li><a href="#_styles_for_the_layer_au_continentalshelf">11.2.7. Styles for the layer AU.ContinentalShelf</a></li>
<li><a href="#_styles_for_the_layer_au_exclusiveeconomiczone">11.2.8. Styles for the layer AU.ExclusiveEconomicZone</a></li>
<li><a href="#_styles_for_the_layer_au_internalwaters">11.2.9. Styles for the layer AU.InternalWaters</a></li>
<li><a href="#_styles_for_the_layer_au_territorialsea">11.2.10. Styles for the layer AU.TerritorialSea</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_styles_recommended_to_be_supported_by_inspire_view_services">11.3. Styles recommended to be supported by INSPIRE view services</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_bibliography">Bibliography</a></li>
<li><a href="#_abstract_test_suite_normative">Annex A: Abstract Test Suite - (normative)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_application_schema_conformance_class">A.1. Application Schema Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_schema_element_denomination_test">A.1.1. Schema element denomination test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_value_type_test">A.1.2. Value type test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_value_test">A.1.3. Value test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_attributesassociations_completeness_test">A.1.4. Attributes/associations completeness test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_constraints_test">A.1.5. Constraints test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_geometry_representation_test">A.1.6. Geometry representation test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_reference_systems_conformance_class">A.2. Reference Systems Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_datum_test">A.2.1. Datum test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_coordinate_reference_system_test">A.2.2. Coordinate reference system test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_view_service_coordinate_reference_system_test">A.2.3. View service coordinate reference system test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_temporal_reference_system_test">A.2.4. Temporal reference system test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_units_of_measurements_test">A.2.5. Units of measurements test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_data_consistency_conformance_class">A.3. Data Consistency Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_unique_identifier_persistency_test">A.3.1. Unique identifier persistency test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_version_consistency_test">A.3.2. Version consistency test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_life_cycle_time_sequence_test">A.3.3. Life cycle time sequence test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_update_frequency_test">A.3.4. Update frequency test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_administrative_unit_higher_hierarchy_test">A.3.5. Administrative unit higher hierarchy test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_administrative_unit_lower_hierarchy_test">A.3.6. Administrative unit lower hierarchy test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_co_administered_administrative_unit_test">A.3.7. Co-administered Administrative unit test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_administrative_unit_area_test">A.3.8. Administrative unit area test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_administrative_boundary_test">A.3.9. Administrative boundary test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_condominium_spatial_extent_test">A.3.10. Condominium spatial extent test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_condominium_administration_test">A.3.11. Condominium administration test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_ir_conformance_class">A.4. Metadata IR Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_metadata_for_interoperability_test">A.4.1. Metadata for interoperability test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_information_accessibility_conformance_class">A.5. Information Accessibility Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_crs_publication_test">A.5.1. CRS publication test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_crs_identification_test">A.5.2. CRS identification test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_data_delivery_conformance_class">A.6. Data Delivery Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_encoding_compliance_test">A.6.1. Encoding compliance test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_portrayal_conformance_class">A.7. Portrayal Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_layer_designation_test">A.7.1. Layer designation test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_technical_guideline_conformance_class">A.8. Technical Guideline Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_multiplicity_test">A.8.1. Multiplicity test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_crs_http_uri_test">A.8.2. CRS http URI test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_encoding_schema_validation_test">A.8.3. Metadata encoding schema validation test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_occurrence_test">A.8.4. Metadata occurrence test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_consistency_test">A.8.5. Metadata consistency test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_encoding_schema_validation_test">A.8.6. Encoding schema validation test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_style_test">A.8.7. Style test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_use_cases_informative">Annex B: Use cases - (informative)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_filtering_data">B.1. Filtering data</a></li>
<li><a href="#_discovery_of_unit_related_data">B.2. Discovery of unit related data</a></li>
<li><a href="#_linking_thematic_information">B.3. Linking thematic information</a></li>
<li><a href="#_disaster_and_environmental_management">B.4. Disaster and environmental management</a></li>
<li><a href="#_boundary_based_analysis">B.5. Boundary based analysis</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_code_list_values_normative">Annex C: Code list values - (normative)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_inspire_application_schema_administrativeunits">C.1. INSPIRE Application Schema 'AdministrativeUnits'</a></li>
<li><a href="#_inspire_application_schema_maritimeunits">C.2. INSPIRE Application Schema 'MaritimeUnits'</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_national_administrative_hierarchies_examples_informative">Annex D: National Administrative Hierarchies (examples) - (informative)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_example_from_germany">D.1. Example from Germany</a></li>
<li><a href="#_example_from_norway">D.2. Example from Norway</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_limitations_in_the_use_of_administrative_units_data_informative">Annex E: Limitations in the use of Administrative Units data - (informative)</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_scope">1. Scope</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This document specifies a harmonised data specification for the spatial data theme <em>Administrative Units</em> as defined in Annex I of the INSPIRE Directive.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This data specification provides the basis for the drafting of Implementing Rules according to Article 7 (1) of the INSPIRE Directive [Directive 2007/2/EC]. The entire data specification is published as implementation guidelines accompanying these Implementing Rules.</p>
</div>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_overview">2. Overview</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_name">2.1. Name</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>INSPIRE data specification for the theme Administrative Units.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_informal_description">2.2. Informal description</h3>
<div class="paragraph">