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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta name="description" content="This document describes the INSPIRE Data Specification for the spatial data theme Bio-geographical Regions">
<meta name="keywords" content="INSPIRE Data Specification for the spatial data theme Bio-geographical Regions">
<meta name="author" content="Temporary MIWP 2021-2024 sub-group 2.3.1">
<meta name="copyright" content="Public">
<title>D2.8.III.17 Data Specification on Bio-geographical Regions – Technical Guidelines</title>
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<div class="paragraph">
<p><span class="image"><img src="./media/image3.png" alt="ESEC" width="93" height="93"></span> <strong>INSPIRE</strong> <strong>Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe</strong></p>
</div>
<h1 id="_d2_8_iii_17_data_specification_on_bio_geographical_regions_technical_guidelines" class="discrete">D2.8.III.17 Data Specification on <em>Bio-geographical Regions</em> – Technical Guidelines</h1>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 17%;">
<col style="width: 83%;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Title</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">D2.8.III.17 Data Specification on Bio-geographical Regions – Technical Guidelines</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Creator</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Temporary MIWP 2021-2024 sub-group 2.3.1</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Date of publication</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">2024-07-31</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Subject</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">INSPIRE Data Specification for the spatial data theme Bio-geographical Regions</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Publisher</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">INSPIRE Maintenance and Implementation Group (MIG)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Type</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Text</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Description</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">This document describes the INSPIRE Data Specification for the spatial data theme Bio-geographical Regions</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Format</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">AsciiDoc</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Licence</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">Creative Commons Attribution (cc-by) 4.0</a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Rights</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Public</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Identifier</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/id/document/tg/br">D2.8.III.17_v3.0.0</a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Changelog</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://github.com/INSPIRE-MIF/technical-guidelines/releases/tag/v2024.2" class="bare">https://github.com/INSPIRE-MIF/technical-guidelines/releases/tag/v2024.2</a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Language</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">en</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Relation</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2007 establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE)</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
<h2 id="_foreword" class="discrete">Foreword</h2>
<h2 id="_how_to_read_the_document" class="discrete">How to read the document?</h2>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This document describes the <em>"INSPIRE data specification on Bio-geographical Regions – Technical Guidelines"</em> version 3.0 as developed by the Thematic Working Group (TWG) <em>Thematic Working Group Bio-geographical Regions</em> using both natural and a conceptual schema language.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The data specification is based on a common template<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_1" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_1" title="View footnote.">1</a>]</sup> used for all data specifications, which has been harmonised using the experience from the development of the Annex I, II and III data specifications.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This document provides guidelines for the implementation of the provisions laid down in the Implementing Rule for spatial data sets and services of the INSPIRE Directive. It also includes additional requirements and recommendations that, although not included in the Implementing Rule, are relevant to guarantee or to increase data interoperability.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Two executive summaries provide a quick overview of the INSPIRE data specification process in general, and the content of the data specification on <em>Bio-geographical Regions</em> in particular. We highly recommend that managers, decision makers, and all those new to the INSPIRE process and/or information modelling should read these executive summaries first.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The UML diagrams (in Chapter 5) offer a rapid way to see the main elements of the specifications and their relationships. The definition of the spatial object types, attributes, and relationships are included in the Feature Catalogue (also in Chapter 5). People having thematic expertise but not familiar with UML can fully understand the content of the data model focusing on the Feature Catalogue. Users might also find the Feature Catalogue especially useful to check if it contains the data necessary for the applications that they run. The technical details are expected to be of prime interest to those organisations that are responsible for implementing INSPIRE within the field of <em>Bio-geographical Regions</em>, but also to other stakeholders and users of the spatial data infrastructure.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The technical provisions and the underlying concepts are often illustrated by examples. Smaller examples are within the text of the specification, while longer explanatory examples and descriptions of selected use cases are attached in the annexes.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In order to distinguish the INSPIRE spatial data themes from the spatial object types, the INSPIRE spatial data themes are written in <em>italics.</em></p>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 100%;">
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr>
<th class="tableblock halign-left valign-top">The document will be publicly available as a 'non-paper'. It does not represent an official position of the European Commission, and as such cannot be invoked in the context of legal procedures.</th>
</tr>
</thead>
</table>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Legal Notice</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Interoperability of Spatial Data Sets and Services –<br>
General Executive Summary</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The challenges regarding the lack of availability, quality, organisation, accessibility, and sharing of spatial information are common to a large number of policies and activities and are experienced across the various levels of public authority in Europe. In order to solve these problems it is necessary to take measures of coordination between the users and providers of spatial information. The Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council adopted on 14 March 2007 aims at establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) for environmental policies, or policies and activities that have an impact on the environment.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>INSPIRE is based on the infrastructures for spatial information that are created and maintained by the Member States. To support the establishment of a European infrastructure, Implementing Rules addressing the following components of the infrastructure have been specified: metadata, interoperability of spatial data sets (as described in Annexes I, II, III of the Directive) and spatial data services, network services, data and service sharing, and monitoring and reporting procedures.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>INSPIRE does not require collection of new data. However, after the period specified in the Directive<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_2" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_2" title="View footnote.">2</a>]</sup> Member States have to make their data available according to the Implementing Rules.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Interoperability in INSPIRE means the possibility to combine spatial data and services from different sources across the European Community in a consistent way without involving specific efforts of humans or machines. It is important to note that "interoperability" is understood as providing access to spatial data sets through network services, typically via Internet. Interoperability may be achieved by either changing (harmonising) and storing existing data sets or transforming them via services for publication in the INSPIRE infrastructure. It is expected that users will spend less time and efforts on understanding and integrating data when they build their applications based on data delivered in accordance with INSPIRE.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In order to benefit from the endeavours of international standardisation bodies and organisations established under international law their standards and technical means have been utilised and referenced, whenever possible.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>To facilitate the implementation of INSPIRE, it is important that all stakeholders have the opportunity to participate in specification and development. For this reason, the Commission has put in place a consensus building process involving data users, and providers together with representatives of industry, research and government. These stakeholders, organised through Spatial Data Interest Communities (SDIC) and Legally Mandated Organisations (LMO)<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_3" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_3" title="View footnote.">3</a>]</sup>, have provided reference materials, participated in the user requirement and technical<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_4" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_4" title="View footnote.">4</a>]</sup> surveys, proposed experts for the Data Specification Drafting Team<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_5" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_5" title="View footnote.">5</a>]</sup>, the Thematic Working Groups<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_6" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_6" title="View footnote.">6</a>]</sup> and other ad-hoc cross-thematic technical groups and participated in the public stakeholder consultations on draft versions of the data specifications. These consultations covered expert reviews as well as feasibility and fitness-for-purpose testing of the data specifications<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_7" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_7" title="View footnote.">7</a>]</sup>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This open and participatory approach was successfully used during the development of the data specifications on Annex I, II and III data themes as well as during the preparation of the Implementing Rule on Interoperability of Spatial Data Sets and Services<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_8" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_8" title="View footnote.">8</a>]</sup> for Annex I spatial data themes and of its amendment regarding the themes of Annex II and III.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The development framework elaborated by the Data Specification Drafting Team aims at keeping the data specifications of the different themes coherent. It summarises the methodology to be used for the development of the data specifications, providing a coherent set of requirements and recommendations to achieve interoperability. The pillars of the framework are the following technical documents<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_9" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_9" title="View footnote.">9</a>]</sup>:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>The <em>Definition of Annex Themes and Scope</em> describes in greater detail the spatial data themes defined in the Directive, and thus provides a sound starting point for the thematic aspects of the data specification development.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <em>Generic Conceptual Model</em> defines the elements necessary for interoperability and data harmonisation including cross-theme issues. It specifies requirements and recommendations with regard to data specification elements of common use, like the spatial and temporal schema, unique identifier management, object referencing, some common code lists, etc. Those requirements of the Generic Conceptual Model that are directly implementable are included in the Implementing Rule on Interoperability of Spatial Data Sets and Services.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <em>Methodology for the Development of Data Specifications</em> defines a repeatable methodology. It describes how to arrive from user requirements to a data specification through a number of steps including use-case development, initial specification development and analysis of analogies and gaps for further specification refinement.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <em>Guidelines for the Encoding of Spatial Data</em> defines how geographic information can be encoded to enable transfer processes between the systems of the data providers in the Member States. Even though it does not specify a mandatory encoding rule it sets GML (ISO 19136) as the default encoding for INSPIRE.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <em>Guidelines for the use of Observations & Measurements and Sensor Web Enablement-related standards in INSPIRE Annex II and III data specification development</em> provides guidelines on how the "Observations and Measurements" standard (ISO 19156) is to be used within INSPIRE.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <em>Common data models</em> are a set of documents that specify data models that are referenced by a number of different data specifications. These documents include generic data models for networks, coverages and activity complexes.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The structure of the data specifications is based on the "ISO 19131 Geographic information - Data product specifications" standard. They include the technical documentation of the application schema, the spatial object types with their properties, and other specifics of the spatial data themes using natural language as well as a formal conceptual schema language<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_10" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_10" title="View footnote.">10</a>]</sup>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A consolidated model repository, feature concept dictionary, and glossary are being maintained to support the consistent specification development and potential further reuse of specification elements. The consolidated model consists of the harmonised models of the relevant standards from the ISO 19100 series, the INSPIRE Generic Conceptual Model, and the application schemas<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_11" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_11" title="View footnote.">11</a>]</sup> developed for each spatial data theme. The multilingual INSPIRE Feature Concept Dictionary contains the definition and description of the INSPIRE themes together with the definition of the spatial object types present in the specification. The INSPIRE Glossary defines all the terms (beyond the spatial object types) necessary for understanding the INSPIRE documentation including the terminology of other components (metadata, network services, data sharing, and monitoring).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>By listing a number of requirements and making the necessary recommendations, the data specifications enable full system interoperability across the Member States, within the scope of the application areas targeted by the Directive. The data specifications (in their version 3.0) are published as technical guidelines and provide the basis for the content of the Implementing Rule on Interoperability of Spatial Data Sets and Services<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_12" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_12" title="View footnote.">12</a>]</sup>. The content of the Implementing Rule is extracted from the data specifications, considering short- and medium-term feasibility as well as cost-benefit considerations. The requirements included in the Implementing Rule are legally binding for the Member States according to the timeline specified in the INSPIRE Directive.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In addition to providing a basis for the interoperability of spatial data in INSPIRE, the data specification development framework and the thematic data specifications can be reused in other environments at local, regional, national and global level contributing to improvements in the coherence and interoperability of data in spatial data infrastructures.</p>
</div>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
<h2 id="_bio_geographical_regions_executive_summary" class="discrete">Bio-geographical Regions – Executive Summary</h2>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The theme of <em>Bio-geographical Regions</em> is included under Annex III of the Directive. There is a strong linkage between this theme and the Annex I theme of <em>Protected Sites</em> and indeed between a number of other themes in Annex III particularly <em>Habitats and Biotopes and Species Distribution</em>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The INSPIRE data specification on <em>Bio-geographical Regions</em> has been prepared following the participative principle of a consensus building process. The stakeholders, based on their registration as a Spatial Data Interest Community (SDIC) or a Legally Mandated Organisation (LMO) had the opportunity to bring forward user requirements and reference materials, propose experts for the specification development, and to participate in the review of the data specifications. The Thematic Working Group responsible for the specification development was composed of experts coming from across Europe and from a range of organisations, ranging from regional level, to national level, European level as well as from academia and private industry. The specification process took place according to the methodology elaborated for INSPIRE respecting the requirements and the recommendation of the INSPIRE Generic Conceptual Model, which is one of the elements that ensures a coherent approach and cross theme consistency with other themes in the Directive.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The INSPIRE Directive defined <em>Bio-geographical Regions</em> as "Areas of relatively homogeneous ecological conditions with common characteristics."</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The most important guiding document in regard to <em>Bio-geographical Regions</em> in Europe for this data specification is the Habitats Directive (EEC/92/43), which contains a list of 'bio-geographical regions' (Article 1.iii). These bio-geographical regions are the basis of a series of seminars evaluating the Natura 2000 network and for reporting on the conservation status of the habitats and species protected by the Directive as required every 6 years. These processes are linked to the implementation of the Habitats Directive. The Habitats Directive was the first EU legislation to introduce the concept of bio-geographical regions. There are currently 9 regions, covering the 27 Members States of the EU, and an additional 2 bio-geographical regions are added through the Bern Convention. Although the regions have been modified to make them easier to use administratively, they still form ecologically coherent units of similar environmental conditions as can be seen by comparing this map with other environmental classifications of Europe. Despite of their importance for this data specification, these bio-geographical regions will be represented by only one distinct data set, which will be provided by EEA. No Member State will have to provide data for this specific data set.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>While these legally mandated bio-geographical regions fulfil administrative needs, there is further need amongst users for other types of ecological regions for various analyses at a European scale or for use at a regional, national or sub national level; see for example the 'Environmental Stratification of Europe' (Metzger et al. 2005). The needs of these users for a more detailed or conceptually different set of ecological regions are covered under the use of their code lists such as the 'Environmental Stratification' Classification values. Another example is the "European Map of Natural Vegetation" which uses a specific vegetation type classification. These more detailed ecological regions may also include local sub-categories of the bio-geographical regions outlined in the Habitats Directive (see use case 4).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The data model "Bio-geographicalRegions" thus provides a generic means for a common pan-European representation of bio-geographical regions. The spatial object "Bio-geographicalRegion" is the key spatial object of the application schema for representing regions or areas of relatively homogenous ecological conditions with common characteristics. It is this spatial object type that will allow for a proper description of the bio-geographical classification that has been applied to identify and classify the bio-geographical region each feature represents.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>With this in mind it should be emphasized that the application schema not only supports the classification of bio-geographical regions as mandated by the European Habitats Directive, but also meets the requirements raised by INSPIRE stakeholders with regard to alternative or more precise ecological regions.</p>
</div>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
<h2 id="_acknowledgements" class="discrete">Acknowledgements</h2>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Many individuals and organisations have contributed to the development of these Guidelines.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The Thematic Working Group Bio-geographical Regions Habitats and Biotopes Species Distribution (BR-HB-SD) included:</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Dirk Hinterlang (TWG Facilitator), Anders Friis-Christensen (TWG Editor), Peteris Bruns, Margaret Carlisle, Simon Claus, Robert Jongman, Tomas Kliment, Brian Mac Sharry (BR contact point), Iurie Maxim, Rudolf May, Johannes Peterseil, Sabine Roscher, Anne Schmidt (HB contact point), Axel Ssymank, Diederik Tirry, Nils Valland (SD contact point), Mareike Vischer-Leopold, Steve Wilkinson, Martin Tuchyna (European Commission contact point).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Andrej Abramić also contributed to the final version of the document.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Other contributors to the INSPIRE data specifications are the Drafting Team Data Specifications, the JRC Data Specifications Team and the INSPIRE stakeholders - Spatial Data Interested Communities (SDICs) and Legally Mandated Organisations (LMOs).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Contact information</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Maria Vanda Nunes de Lima & Michael Lutz<br>
European Commission Joint Research Centre (JRC)<br>
Institute for Environment and Sustainability<br>
Unit H06: Digital Earth and Reference Data<br>
<em><a href="http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/index.cfm/pageid/2" class="bare">http://inspire.ec.europa.eu/index.cfm/pageid/2</a></em></p>
</div>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
<h1 id="_table_of_contents" class="discrete">Table of Contents</h1>
<div id="toc" class="toc">
<div id="toctitle" class="title"></div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_scope">1. Scope</a></li>
<li><a href="#_overview">2. Overview</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_name">2.1. Name</a></li>
<li><a href="#_informal_description">2.2. Informal description</a></li>
<li><a href="#_normative_references">2.3. Normative References</a></li>
<li><a href="#_terms_and_definitions">2.4. Terms and definitions</a></li>
<li><a href="#_symbols_and_abbreviations">2.5. Symbols and abbreviations</a></li>
<li><a href="#_xml_extensible_markup_language_how_the_technical_guidelines_map_to_the_implementing_rules">2.6. XML Extensible Markup Language How the Technical Guidelines map to the Implementing Rules</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_requirements">2.6.1. Requirements</a></li>
<li><a href="#_recommendations">2.6.2. Recommendations</a></li>
<li><a href="#_conformance">2.6.3. Conformance</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_specification_scopes">3. Specification scopes</a></li>
<li><a href="#_identification_information">4. Identification information</a></li>
<li><a href="#_data_content_and_structure">5. Data content and structure</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_application_schemas_overview">5.1. Application schemas – Overview</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_application_schemas_included_in_the_irs">5.1.1. Application schemas included in the IRs</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_basic_notions">5.2. Basic notions</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_notation">5.2.1. Notation</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#_unified_modeling_language_uml">5.2.1.1. Unified Modeling Language (UML)</a></li>
<li><a href="#_stereotypes">5.2.1.2. Stereotypes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_voidable_characteristics">5.2.2. Voidable characteristics</a></li>
<li><a href="#_code_lists">5.2.3. Code lists</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#_code_list_types">5.2.3.1. Code list types</a></li>
<li><a href="#_obligations_on_data_providers">5.2.3.2. Obligations on data providers</a></li>
<li><a href="#_recommended_code_list_values">5.2.3.3. Recommended code list values</a></li>
<li><a href="#_governance">5.2.3.4. Governance</a></li>
<li><a href="#_vocabulary">5.2.3.5. Vocabulary</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_identifier_management">5.2.4. Identifier management</a></li>
<li><a href="#_geometry_representation">5.2.5. Geometry representation</a></li>
<li><a href="#_temporality_representation">5.2.6. Temporality representation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_application_schema_bio_geographicalregions">5.3. Application schema Bio-geographicalRegions</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_description">5.3.1. Description</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#_narrative_description">5.3.1.1. Narrative description</a></li>
<li><a href="#_uml_overview">5.3.1.2. UML Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="#_consistency_between_spatial_data_sets">5.3.1.3. Consistency between spatial data sets</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_feature_catalogue">5.3.2. Feature catalogue</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#_spatial_object_types">5.3.2.1. Spatial object types</a>
<ul class="sectlevel5">
<li><a href="#_bio_geographicalregion">5.3.2.1.1. Bio-geographicalRegion</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_code_lists_2">5.3.2.2. Code lists</a>
<ul class="sectlevel5">
<li><a href="#_environmentalstratificationclassificationvalue">5.3.2.2.1. EnvironmentalStratificationClassificationValue</a></li>
<li><a href="#_marinestrategyframeworkdirectiveclassificationvalue">5.3.2.2.2. MarineStrategyFrameworkDirectiveClassificationValue</a></li>
<li><a href="#_natura2000andemeraldbio_geographicalregionclassificationvalue">5.3.2.2.3. Natura2000AndEmeraldBio-geographicalRegionClassificationValue</a></li>
<li><a href="#_naturalvegetationclassificationvalue">5.3.2.2.4. NaturalVegetationClassificationValue</a></li>
<li><a href="#_regionclassificationlevelvalue">5.3.2.2.5. RegionClassificationLevelValue</a></li>
<li><a href="#_regionclassificationschemevalue">5.3.2.2.6. RegionClassificationSchemeValue</a></li>
<li><a href="#_regionclassificationvalue">5.3.2.2.7. RegionClassificationValue</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_imported_types_informative">5.3.2.3. Imported types (informative)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel5">
<li><a href="#_datetime">5.3.2.3.1. DateTime</a></li>
<li><a href="#_gm_multisurface">5.3.2.3.2. GM_MultiSurface</a></li>
<li><a href="#_identifier">5.3.2.3.3. Identifier</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_externally_governed_code_lists">5.3.3. Externally governed code lists</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#_governance_and_authoritative_source">5.3.3.1. Governance and authoritative source</a></li>
<li><a href="#_availability">5.3.3.2. Availability</a></li>
<li><a href="#_rules_for_code_list_values">5.3.3.3. Rules for code list values</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_reference_systems_units_of_measure_and_grids">6. Reference systems, units of measure and grids</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_default_reference_systems_units_of_measure_and_grid">6.1. Default reference systems, units of measure and grid</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_coordinate_reference_systems">6.1.1. Coordinate reference systems</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#_datum">6.1.1.1. Datum</a></li>
<li><a href="#_coordinate_reference_systems_2">6.1.1.2. Coordinate reference systems</a></li>
<li><a href="#_display">6.1.1.3. Display</a></li>
<li><a href="#_identifiers_for_coordinate_reference_systems">6.1.1.4. Identifiers for coordinate reference systems</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_temporal_reference_system">6.1.2. Temporal reference system</a></li>
<li><a href="#_units_of_measure">6.1.3. Units of measure</a></li>
<li><a href="#_grids">6.1.4. Grids</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_theme_specific_requirements_and_recommendations">6.2. Theme-specific requirements and recommendations</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_data_quality">7. Data quality</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_data_quality_elements">7.1. Data quality elements</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_logical_consistency_conceptual_consistency">7.1.1. Logical consistency – Conceptual consistency</a></li>
<li><a href="#_logical_consistency_domain_consistency">7.1.2. Logical consistency – Domain consistency</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_minimum_data_quality_requirements">7.2. Minimum data quality requirements</a></li>
<li><a href="#_recommendation_on_data_quality">7.3. Recommendation on data quality</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_dataset_level_metadata">8. Dataset-level metadata</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_metadata_elements_defined_in_inspire_metadata_regulation">8.1. Metadata elements defined in INSPIRE Metadata Regulation</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_conformity">8.1.1. Conformity</a></li>
<li><a href="#_lineage">8.1.2. Lineage</a></li>
<li><a href="#_temporal_reference">8.1.3. Temporal reference</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_elements_for_interoperability">8.2. Metadata elements for interoperability</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_coordinate_reference_system">8.2.1. Coordinate Reference System</a></li>
<li><a href="#_temporal_reference_system_2">8.2.2. Temporal Reference System</a></li>
<li><a href="#_encoding">8.2.3. Encoding</a></li>
<li><a href="#_character_encoding">8.2.4. Character Encoding</a></li>
<li><a href="#_spatial_representation_type">8.2.5. Spatial representation type</a></li>
<li><a href="#_data_quality_logical_consistency_topological_consistency">8.2.6. Data Quality – Logical Consistency – Topological Consistency</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_recommended_theme_specific_metadata_elements">8.3. Recommended theme-specific metadata elements</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_maintenance_information">8.3.1. Maintenance Information</a></li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_elements_for_reporting_data_quality">8.3.2. Metadata elements for reporting data quality</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#_guidelines_for_reporting_quantitative_results_of_the_data_quality_evaluation">8.3.2.1. Guidelines for reporting quantitative results of the data quality evaluation</a></li>
<li><a href="#_guidelines_for_reporting_descriptive_results_of_the_data_quality_evaluation">8.3.2.2. Guidelines for reporting descriptive results of the Data Quality evaluation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_delivery">9. Delivery</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_updates">9.1. Updates</a></li>
<li><a href="#_delivery_medium">9.2. Delivery medium</a></li>
<li><a href="#_encodings">9.3. Encodings</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_default_encodings">9.3.1. Default Encoding(s)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#_specific_requirements_for_gml_encoding">9.3.1.1. Specific requirements for GML encoding</a></li>
<li><a href="#_default_encodings_for_application_schema_bio_geographicalregions">9.3.1.2. Default encoding(s) for application schema Bio-geographicalRegions</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_data_capture">10. Data Capture</a></li>
<li><a href="#_portrayal">11. Portrayal</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_layers_to_be_provided_by_inspire_view_services">11.1. Layers to be provided by INSPIRE view services</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_layers_organisation">11.1.1. Layers organisation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_styles_required_to_be_supported_by_inspire_view_services">11.2. Styles required to be supported by INSPIRE view services</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_styles_for_the_layer_br_bio_geographicalregion">11.2.1. Styles for the layer BR.Bio-geographicalRegion</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_styles_recommended_to_be_supported_by_inspire_view_services">11.3. Styles recommended to be supported by INSPIRE view services</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_styles_for_the_layer_br_bio_geographicalregion_2">11.3.1. Styles for the layer BR.Bio-geographicalRegion</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_bibliography">Bibliography</a></li>
<li><a href="#_abstract_test_suite_normative">Annex A: Abstract Test Suite - (normative)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_application_schema_conformance_class">A.1. Application Schema Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_schema_element_denomination_test">A.1.1. Schema element denomination test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_value_type_test">A.1.2. Value type test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_value_test">A.1.3. Value test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_attributesassociations_completeness_test">A.1.4. Attributes/associations completeness test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_abstract_spatial_object_test">A.1.5. Abstract spatial object test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_constraints_test">A.1.6. Constraints test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_geometry_representation_test">A.1.7. Geometry representation test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_reference_systems_conformance_class">A.2. Reference Systems Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_datum_test">A.2.1. Datum test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_coordinate_reference_system_test">A.2.2. Coordinate reference system test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_view_service_coordinate_reference_system_test">A.2.3. View service coordinate reference system test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_temporal_reference_system_test">A.2.4. Temporal reference system test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_units_of_measurements_test">A.2.5. Units of measurements test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_data_consistency_conformance_class">A.3. Data Consistency Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_unique_identifier_persistency_test">A.3.1. Unique identifier persistency test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_version_consistency_test">A.3.2. Version consistency test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_life_cycle_time_sequence_test">A.3.3. Life cycle time sequence test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_validity_time_sequence_test">A.3.4. Validity time sequence test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_update_frequency_test">A.3.5. Update frequency test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_ir_conformance_class">A.4. Metadata IR Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_metadata_for_interoperability_test">A.4.1. Metadata for interoperability test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_information_a_the_grid_etrs89_laea_accessibility_conformance_class">A.5. Information A The Grid_ETRS89-LAEA accessibility Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_code_list_publication_test">A.5.1. Code list publication test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_crs_publication_test">A.5.2. CRS publication test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_crs_identification_test">A.5.3. CRS identification test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_grid_identification_test">A.5.4. Grid identification test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_data_delivery_conformance_class">A.6. Data Delivery Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_encoding_compliance_test">A.6.1. Encoding compliance test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_portrayal_conformance_class">A.7. Portrayal Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_layer_designation_test">A.7.1. Layer designation test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_technical_guideline_conformance_class">A.8. Technical Guideline Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_multiplicity_test">A.8.1. Multiplicity test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_crs_http_uri_test">A.8.2. CRS http URI test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_encoding_schema_validation_test">A.8.3. Metadata encoding schema validation test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_occurrence_test">A.8.4. Metadata occurrence test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_consistency_test">A.8.5. Metadata consistency test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_encoding_schema_validation_test">A.8.6. Encoding schema validation test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_style_test">A.8.7. Style test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_use_cases_informative">Annex B: Use cases - (informative)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_the_assessment_of_conservation_status_of_habitats_and_species_at_the_bio_geographical_level">B.1. The assessment of conservation status of habitats and species at the bio-geographical level</a></li>
<li><a href="#_evaluation_of_the_natura_2000_network_by_bio_geographical_region">B.2. Evaluation of the Natura 2000 network by bio-geographical region</a></li>
<li><a href="#_provide_german_physiographic_units_naturräumliche_haupteinheiten_to_inspire">B.3. Provide German physiographic units (Naturräumliche Haupteinheiten) to INSPIRE</a></li>
<li><a href="#_use_of_the_environmental_stratification_of_europe_metzger_et_al_2005_in_ebone_reporting">B.4. Use of the Environmental Stratification of Europe (Metzger et al. 2005) in EBONE reporting</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_code_list_value_normative">Annex C: Code list value - (normative)</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_scope">1. Scope</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This document specifies a harmonised data specification for the spatial data theme <em>Bio-geographical Regions</em> as defined in Annex III of the INSPIRE Directive.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This data specification provides the basis for the drafting of Implementing Rules according to Article 7 (1) of the INSPIRE Directive [Directive 2007/2/EC]. The entire data specification is published as implementation guidelines accompanying these Implementing Rules.</p>
</div>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect1">
<h2 id="_overview">2. Overview</h2>
<div class="sectionbody">
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_name">2.1. Name</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>INSPIRE data specification for the theme Bio-geographical Regions.</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="sect2">
<h3 id="_informal_description">2.2. Informal description</h3>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong><span class="underline">Definition:</span></strong></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Areas of relatively homogeneous ecological conditions with common characteristics.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>[Directive 2007/2/EC]</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong><span class="underline">Description:</span></strong></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Data content:</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The scope of the theme '<em>Bio-geographical regions</em>' falls under the more general scope of 'biodiversity' which covers three of the themes listed under Annex III of the INSPIRE Directive: <em>Bio-geographical regions, Habitat and biotopes</em>, and <em>Species distribution</em>, all of which have a link to the Annex I theme on <em>Protected sites</em>. More specifically this theme deals with areas of "<em>relatively homogeneous ecological conditions with common characteristics"</em>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The concept of "bio-geographical regions" has been discussed in scientific literature going back over 150 years growing out of the work by Humboldt and others on the science of biogeography. Depending on the underlining concepts involved, these regions have been defined based on a variety of related factors such as geology, soils, climate, geomorphology, and vegetation. The aim of these "bio-geographical regions" has been to identify regions of similar environmental and ecological characteristics.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In regards to this theme the most important guiding document is the Habitats Directive (EEC/92/43), which contains a list of 'bio-geographical regions' (Article 1.iii). These bio-geographical regions are the basis of a series of seminars (series of bilateral or multi lateral meetings with Member States) which evaluate the Natura 2000 network and which are used for reporting every 6 years on the "conservation status" of the habitat types and species protected by the Directive (see Figure 1). In this regard these bio-geographical regions are also covered under the concept of "reporting units", which are further described in another Annex III theme "<em>Area management/restriction/regulation zones and reporting units</em>".</p>
</div>
<div class="imageblock">
<div class="content">
<img src="./media/image4.jpeg" alt="figure1a1b" width="623" height="239">