linux-assesment.md

Linux

Q1. To mount a drive by its ID, what command would you use first to retrieve it?

• df -h
• listid
• ls -l
• blkid

Q2. Linux file access control lists (ACLs) are ___.

• discretionary access control system permissions layered over standard Linux permissions
• mandatory access control system permissions layered over standard Linux permissions
• a type of firewall for Linux
• the same as standard Linux permissions

Q3. When using iproute2, how do you show routing information for an IPv6 network?

• route -ipv6
• route
• ip -6 route show
• ip route show

Q4. What does this command string do?

find / -size +10M -exec ls -l {} ;

• It finds all files using ls -l and hands them off to the find command to display.
• It finds all files older than 10 minutes and long lists them using the ls command.
• It finds all files larger than 10 MB and long lists them using the ls command.
• It uses the ls command to find all files in the filesystem matching the {} wildcard.

Q5. What would this locate command show?

locate --regexp '^/usr.*pixmaps.*jpg$'

• all files in a directory named pixmaps
• all files ending in ".jpg"
• all file paths that start with "/usr", include the word "pixmaps", and end with ".jpg"
• all file paths that include "/usr/pixmaps" and end with ".jpg"

Q6. Which command allows you to do packet analysis from the command line?

• wireshark
• ethtool
• netstat
• tcpdump

Q7. Which command will tell you how long a system has been running?

• log
• uptime
• runtime
• access

Q8. How would you describe PCP (Performance Co-Pilot)?

• It is an application testing suite used to profile programming code.
• It is a local command used for monitoring local system resources in real time.
• It is a set of tools, services, and libraries for gathering and analyzing performance measures.
• It is a tool designed to change system configuration for purposes of optimization.

Q9. You want to resolve a long list of DNS names using dig. What should you do?

• Create a text file including all names and use the -f option of dig.
• Type in each query manually.
• Write a shell script to send multiple dig queries to the DNS server.
• Save the DNS names in an SQL database and process it with dig.

Q10. What would this command output?

ps -e --format uid,pid,ppid,%cpu,cmd

• the user ID, process ID, parent process ID, CPU usage, and command name of a process
• the user ID, group ID, parent process ID, CPU usage, and command name of a process
• the UUID, process ID, parent process ID, CPU usage, and command name of a process
• all of these answers

Q11. Which command in Bash executes the last line in the shell history that starts with ls?

• !
• !!
• !*
• !ls

Q12. The ssh-copy-id command copies ___ to the remote host.

• both private and public keys
• the ssh public key
• the ssh private key
• a fingerprint file

Q13. What command is used to determine the amount of disk usage for a directory?

• find
• fdisk
• du
• df

Q14. A backup drive was created using dd to make a bit-for-bit copy. When the drive is inserted into an iSCSI target before it is booted up, the data appears to be missing. What happened?

• The backup drive is corrupted and needs to be re-created.
• When the backup drive was duplicated, the label was as well. When booted, the system mounted the old duplicated drive by its identical label.
• There is a conflict between the physical location of the backup drive and the original drive.
• The backup process went wrong, and the old drive was duplicated over the original drive.

Q15. What is the key difference between a redirect (>) and piping to the tee command?

• The tee command sends output only to STDOUT and STDERR.
• A redirect sends output to STDOUT and a file, whereas a tee sends output only to STDOUT.
• Nothing, they are the same.
• The tee command sends output to STDOUT and a file, whereas a redirect sends output only to a file.

Q16. What does the /etc/nsswitch.conf file manage?

• priority of one DNS server over another
• per network interface DNS server configuration
• alternative DNS services
• sources for name service information

Q17. Assume the variable myNumber holds a string consisting of 10 digits. What will this command output?

echo \$myNumber | sed -e 's/^[[:digit:]][[:digit:]][[:digit:]]/(&)/g'

• It will only match digits—and since the string has only digits, the command will output the same number without changes.
• It will output the same 10-digit number, but every digit will be inside parentheses.
• It will output the entire 10-digit number inside parentheses.
• It will output the same 10-digit number, but the first 3 digits will be inside parentheses.

Q18. Packages can be downloaded but not installed with yum or dnf by specifying which option?

• None of these answers. yum does not support downloading packages without installing them.
• --downloaddir
• -d
• --downloadonly

Q19. What character class is equal to this set?

[0-9]

• [[:alnum:]]
• [[:digit:]]
• [[:alpha:]]
• [[:num:]]

Q20. When archiving files, which command will preserve all file attributes including ACLs and SELinux security context?

• zip
• tar
• archive
• gzip

Q21. In a systemd-based OS, you can change the system hostname by editing /etc/hostname manually and then doing what?

• Restart dhcpd.
• Run /etc/hostname.
• Nothing, the system notices automatically.
• Notify systemd to update it by restarting the systemd-hostnamed service.

Q22. What command would you use to resize an LVM volume group to include an additional physical volume?

• vgadd
• vgresize
• vgappend
• vgextend

Q23. When would this system cron job run its task?

0 1 * * *

• every minute of the hour
• every hour of every day
• every day at 1:00 AM
• only on Mondays

Q24. ifconfig has been deprecated. What command is now recommended for changing IP addresses in the live config?

• netconf
• ipconfig
• ipman
• ip

Q25. You are managing an Apache web server on a system using SELinux. By default it cannot read personal webpages in users' home directories. What SELinux boolean would you set to allow this?

• apache_enable_homedirs
• httpd_enable_userdirs
• httpd_enable_homedirs
• httpd_enable_userhome_dirs

Q26. Why doesn't passwd -l keep a user from logging in via other methods?

• The passwd command is not used for locking passwords.
• There is no password -l option.
• It locks only the password, not the account, so users can still authenticate with keys or other methods.
• It does lock the account, keeping users from logging in even if they are using other authentication methods.

Q27. In the Bash shell, what is the difference between piping into | and piping into |&?

• Piping into | pipes both stdout and stderr. Piping into |& pipes only stderr.
• Piping into | pipes stdout. Piping into |& pipes stdout and stderr.
• Piping into | pipes both stdout and stderr. Piping into |& pipes only stdout.
• Piping into | pipes stdout. Piping into |& pipes all open file descriptors.

Q28. Why is the passwd command able to modify the /etc/passwd file?

• The kernel identifies it as one of the names of extended commands.
• It has the same name as the file it modifies.
• It has the SUID permission mode and is owned by root.
• It is a system administration command.

Q29. When a user deletes a file using the rm command, Linux will ___.

• always ask for confirmation
• back up the file before it deletes the file
• ask for confirmation if configured to do so
• never ask for confirmation

Q30. What is a major advantage of using Logical Volume Management (LVM)?

• Access to a drive is faster than with standard partitions.
• Volumes can be resized smaller without unmounting them.
• Repairing filesystem errors is easier than with standard partitions.
• Volumes can be resized even if the free space is not contiguous.

Q31. What is one major difference between brace expansion and globs?

• Globs create a list; brace expansion matches pattern.
• Brace expansion requires files to exist; globs do not.
• Brace expansion creates a list; globs match the list of pathnames.
• Globs get processes first and brace expansion later.

Q32. To remove all ACLs from a directory , use setfacl with which options?

• -d
• -k
• -b
• -x

Q33. Which choice will not print "Hello World" in the terminal?

• [ ]

myVar = 5
[[ $myVar -lt 10 ]] && echo " Hello World"

• [x]

myVar = 5
[[ $myVar -lt 10 ]] || echo " Hello World"

• [x]

myVar = 5
[[ $myVar -gt 10 ]] && echo " Hello World"

• [ ]

myVar = 5
[[ $myVar -gt 10 ]] || echo " Hello World"

Q34. What is not inherited by child process?

• shell aliases
• userid
• environmental variables
• scheduling priority

Q35. What NFS option allows the root user to access NFS shares as the root user?

• no_admin_squash
• no_root_squash
• allow_root_access
• all_squash

Q36. You send an email to a remote client using the following syntax. What will be in the body of the email?

date | mail -s "This is a remote test" user1@rhhost1.localnet.com

• "This is a remote test"
• the date, the time, and the words "This is a remote test"
• The email subject shows "This is a remote test" but the body of the email will be empty.
• the current date and time

Q37. What is the /etc/hosts file used for?

• resolving the local name
• blocking sites using iptables
• setting the hostname
• configuring DNS name servers

Q38. In an extended regular expression, you would use (pattern){3} to match three instances of the pattern. How would you match the same thing with an extended glob?

• 3(pattern)
• {0,3}(pattern}
• Occurrence quantifiers are not supported in Bash's version of extended globs, so this is not possible.
• {3}(pattern})

Q39. When configuring a Samba share, how would the engineering group be specified in the smb.conf?

• Samba uses Linux operating system groups from the /etc/group file; just specify the group name.
• It would be preceded by a percent sign (%), such as %engineers.
• Use the group name by itself; Samba checks for its existence.
• It would be preceded by an @ symbol, such as @engineering.

Q40. To configure the Kerberos client, which command should you use to import the keytab file?

• krb5-workstation
• ktutil
• pam_krb5
• kdb5_util

Q41. To search from the current cursor position up to the beginning of the file using VIM, type __ and then the search criteria.

• ?
• \
• /
• /search

Q42. What is the job of the NetworkManager daemon?

• It is a graphical tool that manages network connections, including bonding and wireless networks.
• It is a security service that manages user access control of local network-aware services.
• It attempts to keep an active network connection available at all times.
• It is a command-line tool that manages network connections.

Q43. Why might would you use the usermod command ?

• to log out a user
• to lock a user's account
• to change global user account settings
• to set a user's password

Q44. Extending an LVM volume group does what to the formatted filesystem?

• It prepares the filesystem for use by defragmenting it.
• It resizes the filesystem to match the volume group size.
• It does nothing.
• It remounts the filesystem with the new size.