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## Overview

This is the official documentation for the Julia programming language. It is generally intended to be read in the order below, but can for the most part be sensibly read out of order. Most of the language is documented, so reading this manual should give a fairly good idea of how to write programs in it.

## Resources

• Homepage: http://julialang.org
• Discussion: julia-dev@googlegroups.com
• Source code: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia
• Documentation: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/wiki
• Single-Page Version: https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/wiki/Manual

## Contents

0. Introduction

1. Getting Started

   • Installation and Running
   • Example Code
   • Major Differences From MATLAB®

2. Integers and Floating-Point Numbers

   • Integers
   • Floating-Point Numbers
   • Numeric Literal Coefficients

3. Mathematical Operations

   • Arithmetic and Bitwise Operators
   • Numeric Comparisons
   • Mathematical Functions

4. Complex and Rational Numbers

   • Complex Numbers
   • Rational Numbers

5. Strings

   • Characters
   • String Basics
   • Unicode and UTF-8
   • Interpolation
   • Common Operations
   • Non-Standard String Literals
   • Regular Expressions

6. Functions

   • The "return" Keyword
   • Operators Are Functions
   • Anonymous Functions
   • Multiple Return Values
   • Varargs Functions
   • Further Reading

7. Control Flow

   • Compound Expressions
   • Conditional Evaluation
   • Short-Circuit Evaluation
   • Repeated Evaluation: Loops
   • Exception Handling
   • Tasks (aka Coroutines)

8. Variables and Scoping

9. Types

   • Type Declarations
   • Abstract Types
   • Bits Types
   • Composite Types
   • Type Unions
   • Tuple Types
   • Parametric Types
   • Type Aliases
   • Operations on Types

10. Methods

    • Defining Methods
    • Method Ambiguities
    • Parametric Methods

11. Constructors

    • Outer Constructor Methods
    • Inner Constructor Methods
    • Incomplete Initialization
    • Parametric Constructors
    • Case Study: Rational

12. Conversion and Promotion

    • Conversion
    • Promotion

13. Arrays

    • Basic Functions
    • Construction and Initialization
    • Indexing
    • Assignment
    • Concatenation
    • Vectorized Operators and Functions
    • Implementation

14. Running External Programs

    • Interpolation
    • Quoting
    • Pipelines

15. Metaprogramming

    • Expressions and Eval
    • Macros
    • Reflection

16. Parallel Computing

    • Data Movement
    • Parallel Map and Loops
    • Distributed Arrays
    • Constructing Distributed Arrays
    • Distributed Array Computations
    • Synchronization With Remote References
    • Scheduling
    • Adding Processors

17. Calling C and Fortran Code

18. Standard Library Reference

    • Getting Around
    • All Objects
    • Types
    • Generic Functions
    • Iteration
    • General Collections
    • Iterable Collections
    • Indexable Collections
    • Associative Collections
    • Set-Like Collections
    • Dequeues
    • Strings
    • I/O
    • Text I/O
    • Standard Numeric Types
    • Mathematical Functions
    • Data Formats
    • Numbers
    • Random Numbers
    • Arrays
    • Linear Algebra
    • Sorting
    • Signal Processing
    • Parallel Computing
    • Distributed Arrays
    • System
    • Errors
    • Tasks

19. Potential Features

20. Performance Tips

    • Type Declarations
    • Break functions into multiple definitions
    • Write "type-stable" functions
    • Avoid changing the type of a variable
    • Separate kernel functions

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Next: Introduction

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The Julia Manual — All Rights Reserved. Copyright © 2010-2012 Stefan Karpinski, Jeff Bezanson, Viral Shah, Alan Edelman.