index.js

var json = {
  "address": {
    "streetAddress": "21 2nd Street",
    "city": "New York"
  },
  "phoneNumber": [
    {
      "location": "home",
      "code": 44
    }
  ]
};

var schema = {};
function jsonCover(json,obj,array){
    if(!isEmpty(json)){
        for (var i in json){
            (function(name){
                var cnt = isType(json[name]);
                obj[name] = {};
                obj[name].type = cnt;

                if(cnt === 'object'){
                    obj[name].properties = {};
                    obj[name].require = [];
                    if(!isEmpty(json[name])){
                        jsonCover(json[name],obj[name].properties,obj[name].require);
                    }
                }else if(cnt === 'array'){
                    obj[name].items = {};
                    if(!isEmpty(json[name])){
                        obj[name].items.properties = {};
                        obj[name].items.require = [];
                        jsonCover(json[name][0],obj[name].items.properties,obj[name].items.require);
                    }
                }else{
                    array.push(name);
                }
            }(i))
        }
    }else{
        return json.length === +json.length ? [] : {};
    }
}

function isType(value){
    return Object.prototype.toString.call(value).slice(8, -1).toLowerCase();
}
function isEmpty(value){
    return (Array.isArray(value) && value.length === 0) || (Object.prototype.isPrototypeOf(value) && Object.keys(value).length === 0);
}

jsonCover(json,schema,[]);
console.log(JSON.stringify(schema, null, 4));