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generate_report.py
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generate_report.py
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#!/bin/env python3
from pprint import pprint
import yaml
from pathlib import Path
TABLE = """
| First Header | Second Header |
| ------------- | ------------- |
| Content Cell | Content Cell |
| Content Cell | Content Cell |
"""
def readme(file_transfer, c2):
README=f"""
# DNS Tunneling Dataset
[](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_License)
[](https://github.com/Korving-F/dns-tunnel-dataset)
## Table of Contents
* [Introduction](#introduction)
* [MITRE ATT&CK](#mitre-attck)
* [Scenario](#scenario)
* [Consume Datasets](#consume-datasets)
* [Architecture](#architecture)
* [Detection Rules](#detection-rules)
* [Datasets](#datasets)
* [File transfer over DNS Tunnel](#file-transfer-over-dns-tunnel)
* [C2 over DNS Tunnel](#c2-over-dns-tunnel)
* [License](#license)
## Introduction
This repository documents a DNS tunneling scenario written in [DACA](https://github.com/Korving-F/DACA/) configuration language and the generated datasets it creates.
Samples can be used for detection tuning or for educational purposes.
This dataset was created as part of Master thesis work at [TalTech](https://taltech.ee/).
To reproduce the generated datasets, follow these instructions:
```bash
# 1. Install Vagrant and VirtualBox
# 2. Install Vagrant modules
vagrant plugin install vagrant-vbguest
vagrant plugin install vagrant-scp
# 3A Start and stop the VMs of a single dataset, data collection will follow automatically.
cd directory/with/Vagrantfile
vagrant up
vagrant halt
# 3B Alternatively generate and run and recreate all datasets in the scenario.
pip3 install pipenv
git clone git@github.com:Korving-F/DACA.git
cd DACA
pipenv install
python3 daca.py run -d data/ --path /path/to/scenario_file.yaml
```
## MITRE ATT&CK
* [C2 Application Layer Protocol: DNS - T1071.004](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1071/004/)
* [C2 Protocol Tunneling - T1572](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1572/)
* [Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol - T1048](https://attack.mitre.org/techniques/T1048/)
## Scenario
Used DNS Tunneling software: [IODINE](https://github.com/yarrick/iodine) / [DNS2TCP](https://github.com/alex-sector/dns2tcp) / [DNSCAT](https://github.com/iagox86/dnscat2)
Used DNS Servers: [BIND 9](https://www.isc.org/bind/) / [CoreDNS](https://coredns.io/) / [Dnsmasq](https://thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/doc.html) / [PowerDNS](https://www.powerdns.com/)
## Consume Datasets
Collected data within this repository comes in a variety of formats:
* .log - Flatfiles containing query logs as produced by the DNS Server.
* .json - Same flatfiles but then relayed by Filebeat. This allows for post-hoc ingestion into an elasticsearch cluster.
* .cast - [asciinema](https://asciinema.org/) recordings of attacker's perspective. Replay by issuing: `asciinema play *.cast`.
* .pcap - Standard packet capture looking at traffic on port 53.
## Architecture
> **Fig 1:** DNS Tunnel high-level overview. Encoded/encrypted DNS queries establish a communications channel.
</br>
</br>
> **Fig 2:** Overview on how the DNS Tunnels are simulated and allow for C2 / data transfers.
</br>
</br>
> **Fig 3:** Runthrough of the VM Creation, Provisioning, Data Generation and Acquisition process using IaC / DevOps tooling.
</br>
## Datasets
### File transfer over DNS Tunnel
{file_transfer}
### C2 over DNS Tunnel
{c2}
## License
> DACA is licensed under the [MIT](#) license.
> Copyright © 2022, Frank Korving
"""
return README
def gen_table(title, columns, rows):
HEADER = f"#### {title}\n"
COLUMNS = "| "
for c in columns:
COLUMNS += f"{c} | "
COLUMNS += "\n"
for c in columns:
COLUMNS += f"| ------------- "
COLUMNS += "|\n"
ROWS = ""
for row in rows:
ROWS += "| "
for c in columns:
ROWS += f"{row[c]} | "
ROWS += "\n"
return HEADER + COLUMNS + ROWS + "\n"
def gen_c2(path):
files = Path(path).glob('*')
data_dirs = [i for i in files if i.is_dir() and i.name != 'scenario']
dnscat_cols = ['DNS SERVER', 'AUTOMATION LEVEL', 'DNS RECORD TYPE', 'LINK', 'DATA LINK']
dnscat_rows = []
dns2tcp_cols = ['DNS SERVER', 'AUTOMATION LEVEL', 'DNS RECORD TYPE', 'COMPRESSION', 'PASSPHRASE', 'LINK', 'DATA LINK']
dns2tcp_rows = []
for d in data_dirs:
row = {}
with open(f"{d}/.metadata", 'r') as f:
meta = f.read()
meta_loaded = yaml.safe_load(meta)
# Add link to directory
row['LINK'] = f"[Scenario files]({d})"
# Add link to data file
row['DATA LINK'] = f"[Data files]({d}/{d.name}_full_dataset.tar.gz)"
# Specify which DNS Server was used
for component in meta_loaded['scenario']['components']:
if "bind9" in component["name"].lower():
row['DNS SERVER'] = "BIND9"
break
elif "dnsmasq" in component["name"].lower():
row['DNS SERVER'] = "DNSMASQ"
break
elif "coredns" in component["name"].lower():
row['DNS SERVER'] = "COREDNS"
break
elif "powerdns" in component["name"].lower():
row['DNS SERVER'] = "POWERDNS"
break
for component in meta_loaded['scenario']['components']:
if "dns2tcp" in component["name"]:
row['AUTOMATION LEVEL'] = "Partly Manual"
row['DNS RECORD TYPE'] = meta_loaded["variables"]["record_type"].upper()
row['COMPRESSION'] = "YES" if meta_loaded["variables"]["compression"] == "-c" else "NO"
row['PASSPHRASE'] = meta_loaded["variables"]["passphrase"]
dns2tcp_rows.append(row)
break
if "dnscat" in component["name"]:
row['AUTOMATION LEVEL'] = "Partly Manual"
row['DNS RECORD TYPE'] = "TXT,CNAME,MX"
dnscat_rows.append(row)
break
dns2tcp_rows_sorted = sorted(dns2tcp_rows, key=lambda d: (d['DNS SERVER'], d['DNS RECORD TYPE']))
dnscat_rows_sorted = sorted(dnscat_rows, key=lambda d: (d['DNS SERVER'], d['DNS RECORD TYPE']))
tables = []
tables.append(gen_table("DNS2TCP", dns2tcp_cols, dns2tcp_rows_sorted))
tables.append(gen_table("DNSCAT", dnscat_cols, dnscat_rows_sorted))
return "\n".join(tables)
def gen_file_transfer(path):
files = Path(path).glob('*')
data_dirs = [i for i in files if i.is_dir() and i.name != 'scenario']
iodine_cols = ['DNS SERVER', 'AUTOMATION LEVEL','DNS RECORD TYPE', 'ENCODING', 'PASSPHRASE', 'LINK', 'DATA LINK']
iodine_rows = []
dnscat_cols = ['DNS SERVER', 'AUTOMATION LEVEL', 'DNS RECORD TYPE', 'LINK', 'DATA LINK']
dnscat_rows = []
dns2tcp_cols = ['DNS SERVER', 'AUTOMATION LEVEL', 'DNS RECORD TYPE', 'COMPRESSION', 'PASSPHRASE', 'LINK', 'DATA LINK']
dns2tcp_rows = []
for d in data_dirs:
row = {}
with open(f"{d}/.metadata", 'r') as f:
meta = f.read()
meta_loaded = yaml.safe_load(meta)
# Add link to directory
row['LINK'] = f"[Scenario files]({d})"
# Add link to data file
row['DATA LINK'] = f"[Data files]({d}/{d.name}_full_dataset.tar.gz)"
# Specify which DNS Server was used
for component in meta_loaded['scenario']['components']:
if "bind9" in component["name"].lower():
row['DNS SERVER'] = "BIND9"
break
elif "dnsmasq" in component["name"].lower():
row['DNS SERVER'] = "DNSMASQ"
break
elif "coredns" in component["name"].lower():
row['DNS SERVER'] = "COREDNS"
break
elif "powerdns" in component["name"].lower():
row['DNS SERVER'] = "POWERDNS"
break
for component in meta_loaded['scenario']['components']:
if "iodine" in component["name"]:
row['AUTOMATION LEVEL'] = "Fully Automated"
row['DNS RECORD TYPE'] = meta_loaded["variables"]["record_type"].upper()
row['ENCODING'] = meta_loaded["variables"]["encoding"].upper()
row['PASSPHRASE'] = meta_loaded["variables"]["passphrase"]
iodine_rows.append(row)
break
if "dns2tcp" in component["name"]:
row['AUTOMATION LEVEL'] = "Fully Automated"
row['DNS RECORD TYPE'] = meta_loaded["variables"]["record_type"].upper()
row['COMPRESSION'] = "YES" if meta_loaded["variables"]["compression"] == "-c" else "NO"
row['PASSPHRASE'] = meta_loaded["variables"]["passphrase"]
dns2tcp_rows.append(row)
break
if "dnscat" in component["name"]:
row['AUTOMATION LEVEL'] = "Partly Manual"
row['DNS RECORD TYPE'] = "TXT,CNAME,MX"
dnscat_rows.append(row)
break
iodine_rows_sorted = sorted(iodine_rows, key=lambda d: (d['DNS SERVER'], d['DNS RECORD TYPE']))
dns2tcp_rows_sorted = sorted(dns2tcp_rows, key=lambda d: (d['DNS SERVER'], d['DNS RECORD TYPE']))
dnscat_rows_sorted = sorted(dnscat_rows, key=lambda d: (d['DNS SERVER'], d['DNS RECORD TYPE']))
tables = []
tables.append(gen_table("IODINE", iodine_cols, iodine_rows_sorted))
tables.append(gen_table("DNS2TCP", dns2tcp_cols, dns2tcp_rows_sorted))
tables.append(gen_table("DNSCAT", dnscat_cols, dnscat_rows_sorted))
return "\n".join(tables)
if __name__ == '__main__':
# FIRST GENERATE REPORT ON FILE TRANSFER DATASETS
ft = gen_file_transfer('dns_tunnel_file_transfer')
# SECONDLY GENERATE REPORT ON C2 DATASET
c2 = gen_c2('dns_tunnel_c2')
# RENDER README AND WRITE TO DISK
with open("README.md",'w') as f:
f.write(readme(ft, c2))