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JDH-8

An fully custom 8-bit minicomputer with a unique architecture and the express goal of playing PONG.

PONG SCREENSHOT

The program above is running in the emulator, see programs/pong.asm for the source.

See the video on the design.

Machine Description

Features

  • 8-bit data width
  • 16-bit address bus (64 KiB available memory + banking)
  • 8 fully general purpose registers (5 normal + 2 indirect address + 1 flags)
  • 16 instruction RISC architecture
  • Port mapped I/O for device communication

Instruction Set:

0: MW   reg, imm8/reg   -> reg = imm8/reg
1: LW   reg, [HL/imm16] -> reg = [HL/imm16]
2: SW   [HL/imm16], reg -> [HL/imm16] = reg
3: PUSH imm8/reg        -> [SP--] = imm8/reg
4: POP  reg             -> reg = [++SP]
5: LDA  [imm16]         -> HL = imm16
6: JNZ  imm8/reg        -> imm8/reg != 0 ? PC = HL : NOP
7: INB  reg, imm8/reg   -> reg = PORT[imm8/reg]
8: OUTB imm8/reg, reg   -> PORT[imm8/reg] = reg
9: ADD* reg, imm8/reg   -> reg = reg + imm8/reg
A: ADC* reg, imm8/reg   -> reg = reg + imm8/reg + c
B: AND  reg, imm8/reg   -> reg = reg & imm8/reg
C: OR   reg, imm8/reg   -> reg = reg | imm8/reg
D: NOR  reg, imm8/reg   -> reg = ~(reg | imm8/reg)
E: CMP* reg, imm8/reg   -> reg = reg + imm8/reg
F: SBB* reg, imm8/reg   -> reg = reg - imm8/reg - b

*these instructions load the carry/borrow bits in the (F)lags register

Registers

A (0): GP register/arg 0
B (1): GP register/arg 1
C (2): GP register/arg 2
D (3): GP register/arg 3
L (4): GP register/(L)ow index register
H (5): GP register/(H)igh index register
Z (6): GP register/return value
F (7): flags (LSB to MSB)
    LESS
    EQUAL
    CARRY
    BORROW

See the spec for more information.

Toolchain

Compiling on POSIX systems

Compile with $ make

Compiling on Windows

  1. Install MSYS2 (msys2.org)
  2. Install MinGW-W64 from MSYS2
  3. Get 64-bit SDL2 development tools (libsdl.org)
  4. LIBPATH to your SDL location (Makefile automatically specifies C:/cdevlibs)
  5. Change CC and LD to the location of GCC (including the executable name) in your MinGW-W64 install or add gcc and ld to PATH
  6. Install xxd for Windows (https://sourceforge.net/projects/xxd-for-windows/)
  7. Change variable XXD in Makefile to the location of XXD (including the executable name) or add xxd to PATH
  8. Run mingw32-make inside project directory

Assembler (asm)

./bin/asm [-h] [--help] [-v] [--verbose] [-n] [--no-builtin-macros] [-o file] file

Emulator (emu)

./bin/emu [-m/--mod module] [-r/--run] [-l/--load file address] [ROM file]

Commands

  • SET <register> <data>: set register data
  • GET <register>: get register value
  • PEEK <address>: get memory value
  • POKE <address> <data>: set memory data
  • INB <port>: get port data
  • OUTB <port> <data>: write port data
  • STEP: step one instruction
  • DUMP: print current machine state
  • LOAD <ROM file> <address>: load ROM at address
  • MODS: list modules
  • MOD <module>: load module
  • DEVICES: list devices
  • RUN <speed?>: run at speed (hz) until halt
  • QUIT: quit