Medieval Period #flashcard #notsong (476 CE to 1450 CE): end of roman empire church runs all the music. Mostly monophonic chants. Some polyphony. Sacred and secular music. Notation invented by catholic church.
Renaissance Period #flashcard #notsong (1400 - 1600): Lutherian Protestant Revolt. Printing press -> more amateurs. Listen to music without words just because. Madrigal, motet, a cappella.
Baroque #flashcard #notsong (1600 - 1750): Science is cool. People study how music works. Major/minor system, equal temperment (sys of tuning instruments). "decoration"/own flare. OPERA -> cantata, passion, oratorio.
Classical Period #flashcard #notsong (1750 - 1800): redefined sonata. 4 sections (fast, slow, triple dance music, fast). Coincides with "the enlightenment". MOZART, the child prodigy! Piano mass production, so more players.
"Kyrie" #flashcard #song No composer. Medieval. chant. part of religious Mass. No known composer? The one with a single dude singing nicely. Repeats the word kyrie ("kee ree yay")
"Alleluya Nativitas" #flashcard #song Peritonus. Medieval. (Magister Leonin, another composer?) -> it just says "alleluya" in long drawn out ways for 7 minutes.
"Chantar" #flashcard #song Beatriz de Dia. Medieval. the one with the woman singing.
"Exsultate Deo" #flashcard #song Palestrina motet. Renaissance -> Counterpoint. Woman with those high dudes in another track. Polyphony! Technically a motet?
"Canzona per sonare" #flashcard #song Gabrieli. Renaissance. aka "Canzon No. 27 Fa sol la re". The one that's upbeat. Instrumental. Could be a sick beat.
"Canzona Duodecimi" #flashcard #song Gabrieli. Renaissance. Similar to other Gabrieli piece. but starts high and just rises more. Fewer beat drops.
"Quatre Branles" #flashcard #song Tielman Susato. Renaissance. Sounds like a tamboree in the background: ABC REST, ABC REST, ABC REST. How sus.
"Marazula" #flashcard #song No composer. Renaissance. example of working class music. Has clapping. Imagine an old pub with people dancing.
"Courante" #flashcard #song No composer. Renaissance. monkey shit. Sounds like a flute with some light background drumming. Type of dance suite.
"Saltarello" #flashcard #song No composer. Renaissance. almost like a bagpipe or harmonica? sounds scottish.
"Four Arms Two Necks One Wreathing" #flashcard #song Thomas Weelkes. Renaissance. sings title in first line. Then a lot of fa-la-las. Slow singing one-ish voice.
"Weep O Mine Eyes" #flashcard #song John Bennet. Renaissance. sings title in first line. word painting, descending melody for the downer emotional effect. Polyphony.
"Fair Phyllis I Saw Sitting All Alone" #flashcard #song No composer. Renaissance. sings title in first line. ryhmic complexity. hu hu hu hu fast.
"Come Sirrah Jack Ho" #flashcard #song Thomas Weelkes. Renaissance. sings title in first line.
"Come Ye Sons of Art" #flashcard #song Purcell. Baroque. Starts just instrumental. Ascending repeatedly. Then the dude with really high voice starts singing. Mickey Mouse.
"Queen Mary Funeral Music" #flashcard #song Purcell. Baroque. sad one. I'd bet this guy is on it. Like it could be played at a Grand Funeral. Just depressing. Doctrine of affections!
"Orfeo" #flashcard #song Monteverdi. Baroque. some love song about/to do with 'Rosa'. Sings "Rosa del Ciel" at the beginning. Sinlge Mickey voice. Accompaniment string instruments.
"Thy Hand Belinda" #flashcard #song Purcell. Baroque. woman singing! Short, just 1 minute. Also says the title, but hard to catch.
"A mighty Fortress" #flashcard #song Martin Luther. Baroque. cantata + chorale. Says "Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott" in first line.
"Messiah" #flashcard #song Handel. Baroque. It's an Oratorio! Consists of: “Hallelujah" (obvious) “Sinfonia” (starts out like it'll be a diss track.) “Since by man came death,” (slow AF. Sad) “Behold! I Tell You a Mystery,” (short, very deep man voice.) “The Trumpet Shall Sound,” (a trumpet) “Amen” (Says AMEN in melisma). In all of them: Lots of word painting.
"Water Music" #flashcard #song Handel. Baroque. dance suite. A bunch of upbeat and fast horns.
"Fireworks Music" #flashcard #song Handel. Baroque. dance suite. just like water music, (upbeat & fast), but could be violin/strings too? generally the quieter one.
"Four Seasons (spring)" #flashcard #song Vivaldi. Baroque. kind of a vibe for a really enthusiastic spring day. Lots of violin then bass drop. One of 4 sep concertos. tone painting and ritornello.
"Musical Offering - Ricercar a 3" #flashcard #song Bach. Baroque. Whacky Piano one that's hard to play. For King Frederick.
"Solo Violin Sonatas and Partitas (Preludio)" #flashcard #song Bach. Baroque. Yup, it's solo violin music.
"Goldberg Variations" #flashcard #song Gould. Baroque. just some nice piano music. The kind I might listen to on my own time. some variations faster though. the Canadian interpreter of Bach music on the piano.
"Quartet #30 mvmt 4" #flashcard #song Haydyn. Classical. Rondo. That funny one.
"Surprise Symphony (symphony num 94)" #flashcard #song Haydn. Classical. The one with the really loud surprise.
"mvt 1, Sym. #40 in G min" #flashcard #song Mozart. Classical. see page 126. Start of a James Bond film.
"Symphony No. 18" #flashcard #song Mozart. Classical. wrote it at 18. Umm Idk. Just a good piece of music.
"Sonata for 2 Pianos" #flashcard #song Mozart. Classical. Two loud pianos playing at same time. Very fast.
"The Marriage of Figaro" #flashcard #song Mozart. Classical. I recognize this one! Overture. Very popular sound.
"Don Giovanni + Zerlina" #flashcard #song Mozart. Classical. Man and Woman Duet. But not actually start singing together until very end.
"Piano Concerto #21 Mvmt 2 (Andante)" #flashcard #song Mozart. Classical. Slower piano piece. Long and drawn out.
"Horn Concerto No. 4" #flashcard #song Mozart. Classical. French horn. Upbeat, quite fast in most parts. Quick notes.
monophony #flashcard #notsong single voice. Unaccompanied melody.
polyphony #flashcard #notsong two or more indep voices. All of EQUAL importance.
Tonal Music #flashcard #notsong has a central pitch. Like most western music.
Chant #flashcard #notsong flowing rythm (no beat), single melodic line (no harmony), not using conventional major/minor scale. aka plainsong/plainchant
Organum #flashcard #notsong a plainchant melody with at least one added voice to enhance the harmony (from medieval period). The first form of polyphony. Voices added above and below in parallel, independently.
Mass #flashcard #notsong liturgical (public worship) music (at the church mass). Usually goes "Kyrie", "Gloria", "Credo", "Sanctus", "Agnus Dei". Plus other proper-texts that vary from week to week, season to season.
proper-text text settings #flashcard #notsong syllabic (each syllable matched to single note), melismatic (one syllable, moving between different notes.)
Motet #flashcard #notsong non-liturgical sacred music. 4 voices unaccompanied, sacred text, very expressive. Aims to match words with the music.
Reformation #flashcard #notsong ~1500. Luther's protestant revolt. Left catholic church.
a cappella #flashcard #notsong no instrumental accompaniment. Still polyphonic. Based on chant.
word painting #flashcard #notsong relating the music and words being sung (dissonance/desc line = death, asc line = heaven). See "Weep O Mine Eyes" example.
tone painting #flashcard #notsong Using tones to match the context, what the song is about. Ambiguous. see "Four Seasons" example.
counterpoint #flashcard #notsong two voices haronically related but indep in rythm. Seen in Renaissance and Baroqu. see "Exsultate Deo" example.
chanson #flashcard #notsong polyphonic french songs of Renaissance Period.
madrigal #flashcard #notsong like motet, but not religious subject but rather poetry. Match meaning of words to music. Nonsense words (fa la la). usually a cappella but can have instrumental accompaniment.
counter tenor #flashcard #notsong dude singing very high.
castratto singer #flashcard #notsong male child who got castrated to prevent puberty and ensure high voice. see "Come Sirrah Jack Ho" example.
(basso) continuo #flashcard #notsong historically improvised accompaniment. Common in baroque. whole rythm section of the orchestra.
figured bass #flashcard #notsong the sheet music that is really vague. Allows the basso continuo to be carried out.
doctrine of affections #flashcard #notsong idea that music doesn't just arouse emotion, but it actually MAKES listener feel a certain way. see "Queen Mary Funeral" example for a "sad one". Slow, down, little decoration = sad. Major scale = happy.
libretto #flashcard #notsong text used in, or intended for, an extended musical work such as an opera, operetta, masque, oratorio, cantata, or musical.
Baroque Opera Conventions #flashcard #notsong
- long AF.
- overture -> big opening piece, warning that it's gonna start.
- recitative -> people talking to each other, but as a song.
- aria -> song sung by one person
- ensemble -> duet, trio, etc, st > 1 person singing.
- chorus -> for the big finish of act or opera.
- and it's a god damn SPECTACLE.
cantata #flashcard #notsong both scared & secular. based on a chorale (hymm tune), 15-20 minutes. take bible texts and put them into music. 3 genres: lyric, dramatic, narrative. Takes arias, recitative, choruses from opera, but NOT staged.
oratorio #flashcard #notsong a cheap opera. Handel's "The Messiah".
prelude and fugue #flashcard #notsong dense and complicated polyphonic compositions.
rondo #flashcard #notsong round and round, a repeating rythm. Usually of the form ABACAD. Lol it's the start of "Aba cadaba!". See Haydn "Quartet #30 mvmt 4".
theme and variations #flashcard #notsong composition has a main theme. People like Gould "Goldberg Variations" make up variations on that theme.
minuet and trio #flashcard #notsong minuet is old courtly dance with rigid structure.
textures #flashcard #notsong monophony (single voice), song texture (homophony) (single voice with accompaniment), polyphony (2+ equally important indep voices).
suite #flashcard #notsong collection of songs and shit put together. Example, dance suite which is concert music, not for dancing, contrasting music... Example of this is Handel's "Water Music" and "Fireworks Music".
sonata #flashcard #notsong in baroque, same as dance suite (collection of contrasting pieces into 1 big one). chamber sonata: similar to dance suite. Church sonata: more composition rules, polyphonic. Small number of instruments.
concerto #flashcard #notsong solo concerto (solo instrument accompanied by orchestra). Concerto grosso (big group playing with little group). Ex. Vivaldi "Four seasons".
instruments #flashcard #notsong aerophones (blow air through), chordophones (strings), idiophones (vibrating body ex wood block), membranophones (drums/vibrating membrane)
the enlightenment #flashcard #notsong age of reason (late 18th to early 19th century). American and French Revolution. Industrial revolution. More science and music theory.
sonata allegro #flashcard #notsong 4 movements. Each in 3 sections: exposition (init idea), development (play with idea), recapitulation (recap og idea).
ritornello #flashcard #notsong Keep returning to the same melody over and over. see "Four Seasons" example.
absolute music #flashcard #notsong no extra-musical associations. Abstract.
program music #flashcard #notsong music about something in particular.