Rollup merge of rust-lang#33426 - sfackler:try-from, r=aturon

Implement RFC 1542

cc rust-lang#33417

r? @aturon

Author: Manishearth

src/libcore/convert.rs

@@ -20,18 +20,19 @@
 //! - Impl the `As*` traits for reference-to-reference conversions
 //! - Impl the `Into` trait when you want to consume the value in the conversion
 //! - The `From` trait is the most flexible, useful for value _and_ reference conversions
+//! - The `TryFrom` and `TryInto` traits behave like `From` and `Into`, but allow for the
+//!   conversion to fail
 //!
-//! As a library author, you should prefer implementing `From<T>` rather than
-//! `Into<U>`, as `From` provides greater flexibility and offers an equivalent `Into`
-//! implementation for free, thanks to a blanket implementation in the standard library.
-//!
-//! **Note: these traits must not fail**. If the conversion can fail, you must use a dedicated
-//! method which returns an `Option<T>` or a `Result<T, E>`.
+//! As a library author, you should prefer implementing `From<T>` or `TryFrom<T>` rather than
+//! `Into<U>` or `TryInto<U>`, as `From` and `TryFrom` provide greater flexibility and offer
+//! equivalent `Into` or `TryInto` implementations for free, thanks to a blanket implementation
+//! in the standard library.
 //!
 //! # Generic impl
 //!
 //! - `AsRef` and `AsMut` auto-dereference if the inner type is a reference
 //! - `From<U> for T` implies `Into<T> for U`
+//! - `TryFrom<U> for T` implies `TryInto<T> for U`
 //! - `From` and `Into` are reflexive, which means that all types can `into()`
 //!   themselves and `from()` themselves
 //!
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@
 #![stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
 
 use marker::Sized;
+use result::Result;
 
 /// A cheap, reference-to-reference conversion.
 ///
@@ -98,8 +100,8 @@ pub trait AsMut<T: ?Sized> {
 
 /// A conversion that consumes `self`, which may or may not be expensive.
 ///
-/// **Note: this trait must not fail**. If the conversion can fail, use a dedicated method which
-/// returns an `Option<T>` or a `Result<T, E>`.
+/// **Note: this trait must not fail**. If the conversion can fail, use `TryInto` or a dedicated
+/// method which returns an `Option<T>` or a `Result<T, E>`.
 ///
 /// Library authors should not directly implement this trait, but should prefer implementing
 /// the `From` trait, which offers greater flexibility and provides an equivalent `Into`
@@ -133,8 +135,8 @@ pub trait Into<T>: Sized {
 
 /// Construct `Self` via a conversion.
 ///
-/// **Note: this trait must not fail**. If the conversion can fail, use a dedicated method which
-/// returns an `Option<T>` or a `Result<T, E>`.
+/// **Note: this trait must not fail**. If the conversion can fail, use `TryFrom` or a dedicated
+/// method which returns an `Option<T>` or a `Result<T, E>`.
 ///
 /// # Examples
 ///
@@ -158,6 +160,30 @@ pub trait From<T>: Sized {
     fn from(T) -> Self;
 }
 
+/// An attempted conversion that consumes `self`, which may or may not be expensive.
+///
+/// Library authors should not directly implement this trait, but should prefer implementing
+/// the `TryFrom` trait, which offers greater flexibility and provides an equivalent `TryInto`
+/// implementation for free, thanks to a blanket implementation in the standard library.
+#[unstable(feature = "try_from", issue = "33417")]
+pub trait TryInto<T>: Sized {
+    /// The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
+    type Err;
+
+    /// Performs the conversion.
+    fn try_into(self) -> Result<T, Self::Err>;
+}
+
+/// Attempt to construct `Self` via a conversion.
+#[unstable(feature = "try_from", issue = "33417")]
+pub trait TryFrom<T>: Sized {
+    /// The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
+    type Err;
+
+    /// Performs the conversion.
+    fn try_from(T) -> Result<Self, Self::Err>;
+}
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // GENERIC IMPLS
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
@@ -216,6 +242,17 @@ impl<T> From<T> for T {
     fn from(t: T) -> T { t }
 }
 
+
+// TryFrom implies TryInto
+#[unstable(feature = "try_from", issue = "33417")]
+impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for T where U: TryFrom<T> {
+    type Err = U::Err;
+
+    fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, U::Err> {
+        U::try_from(self)
+    }
+}
+
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 // CONCRETE IMPLS
 ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

src/libcore/num/mod.rs

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
 use char::CharExt;
 use cmp::PartialOrd;
-use convert::From;
+use convert::{From, TryFrom};
 use fmt;
 use intrinsics;
 use marker::{Copy, Sized};
@@ -2352,9 +2352,101 @@ macro_rules! from_str_radix_int_impl {
 }
 from_str_radix_int_impl! { isize i8 i16 i32 i64 usize u8 u16 u32 u64 }
 
+/// The error type returned when a checked integral type conversion fails.
+#[unstable(feature = "try_from", issue = "33417")]
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone)]
+pub struct TryFromIntError(());
+
+impl TryFromIntError {
+    #[unstable(feature = "int_error_internals",
+               reason = "available through Error trait and this method should \
+                         not be exposed publicly",
+               issue = "0")]
+    #[doc(hidden)]
+    pub fn __description(&self) -> &str {
+        "out of range integral type conversion attempted"
+    }
+}
+
+#[unstable(feature = "try_from", issue = "33417")]
+impl fmt::Display for TryFromIntError {
+    fn fmt(&self, fmt: &mut fmt::Formatter) -> fmt::Result {
+        self.__description().fmt(fmt)
+    }
+}
+
+macro_rules! same_sign_from_int_impl {
+    ($storage:ty, $target:ty, $($source:ty),*) => {$(
+        #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+        impl TryFrom<$source> for $target {
+            type Err = TryFromIntError;
+
+            fn try_from(u: $source) -> Result<$target, TryFromIntError> {
+                let min = <$target as FromStrRadixHelper>::min_value() as $storage;
+                let max = <$target as FromStrRadixHelper>::max_value() as $storage;
+                if u as $storage < min || u as $storage > max {
+                    Err(TryFromIntError(()))
+                } else {
+                    Ok(u as $target)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    )*}
+}
+
+same_sign_from_int_impl!(u64, u8, u8, u16, u32, u64, usize);
+same_sign_from_int_impl!(i64, i8, i8, i16, i32, i64, isize);
+same_sign_from_int_impl!(u64, u16, u8, u16, u32, u64, usize);
+same_sign_from_int_impl!(i64, i16, i8, i16, i32, i64, isize);
+same_sign_from_int_impl!(u64, u32, u8, u16, u32, u64, usize);
+same_sign_from_int_impl!(i64, i32, i8, i16, i32, i64, isize);
+same_sign_from_int_impl!(u64, u64, u8, u16, u32, u64, usize);
+same_sign_from_int_impl!(i64, i64, i8, i16, i32, i64, isize);
+same_sign_from_int_impl!(u64, usize, u8, u16, u32, u64, usize);
+same_sign_from_int_impl!(i64, isize, i8, i16, i32, i64, isize);
+
+macro_rules! cross_sign_from_int_impl {
+    ($unsigned:ty, $($signed:ty),*) => {$(
+        #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+        impl TryFrom<$unsigned> for $signed {
+            type Err = TryFromIntError;
+
+            fn try_from(u: $unsigned) -> Result<$signed, TryFromIntError> {
+                let max = <$signed as FromStrRadixHelper>::max_value() as u64;
+                if u as u64 > max {
+                    Err(TryFromIntError(()))
+                } else {
+                    Ok(u as $signed)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        #[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
+        impl TryFrom<$signed> for $unsigned {
+            type Err = TryFromIntError;
+
+            fn try_from(u: $signed) -> Result<$unsigned, TryFromIntError> {
+                let max = <$unsigned as FromStrRadixHelper>::max_value() as u64;
+                if u < 0 || u as u64 > max {
+                    Err(TryFromIntError(()))
+                } else {
+                    Ok(u as $unsigned)
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    )*}
+}
+
+cross_sign_from_int_impl!(u8, i8, i16, i32, i64, isize);
+cross_sign_from_int_impl!(u16, i8, i16, i32, i64, isize);
+cross_sign_from_int_impl!(u32, i8, i16, i32, i64, isize);
+cross_sign_from_int_impl!(u64, i8, i16, i32, i64, isize);
+cross_sign_from_int_impl!(usize, i8, i16, i32, i64, isize);
+
 #[doc(hidden)]
 trait FromStrRadixHelper: PartialOrd + Copy {
     fn min_value() -> Self;
+    fn max_value() -> Self;
     fn from_u32(u: u32) -> Self;
     fn checked_mul(&self, other: u32) -> Option<Self>;
     fn checked_sub(&self, other: u32) -> Option<Self>;
@@ -2364,6 +2456,7 @@ trait FromStrRadixHelper: PartialOrd + Copy {
 macro_rules! doit {
     ($($t:ty)*) => ($(impl FromStrRadixHelper for $t {
         fn min_value() -> Self { Self::min_value() }
+        fn max_value() -> Self { Self::max_value() }
         fn from_u32(u: u32) -> Self { u as Self }
         fn checked_mul(&self, other: u32) -> Option<Self> {
             Self::checked_mul(*self, other as Self)

src/libcoretest/lib.rs

@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@
 #![feature(unboxed_closures)]
 #![feature(unicode)]
 #![feature(unique)]
+#![feature(try_from)]
 
 extern crate core;
 extern crate test;