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FatesAllometryMod.F90
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!===============================================================================
!
! FatesAllometryMod.F90
!
! A library of functions that calculate plant allometry and their
! derivatives. Most relationships are related to diameter [cm]. All
! derivatives with respect to change in diameter have same units.
! In some cases multiple areguments will be provided, yet
! those arguments in those cases are trivially determined from diameter.
!
! Each function presented in this library is written to also return the
! derivative with respect to diameter, if the argument is provided.
!
! The name convention of the functions follows the form d... Which
! indicates "diameter to ...". Allometries for the following variables are
! calculated:
! h: height [m]
! bagw: biomass above ground woody tissues [kgC]
! this is an all encompassing definition of "woody", which
! is intended to include all non-leaf woody or fibrous
! tissues, including sap and structural materials
! blmax: biomass in leaves when leaves are "on allometry"
! this also is the "pre-trimmed" value, which is the maximum
! or potential leaf mass a tree may have [kgC]
! bbgw: biomass below ground woody tissues [kgC]
! similar to AGBW, this essentially encompasses
! all non-fineroot belowground tissues
! bfrmax: biomass in fine roots when "on allometry" [kgC]
! bsap: biomass in sapwood (above and below) [kgC]
! bdead: biomass (above and below) in the structural pool [kgC]
!
!
! The following function switches are rused
!
! allom_hmode, integer, height allometry function type
! allom_lmode, integer, maximum leaf allometry function type
! allom_rmode, integer, maximum root allometry function type
! allom_amode, integer, AGB allometry function type
! allom_cmode, integer, coarse root allometry function type
! allom_smode, integer, sapwood allometry function type
! allom_stmode, integer, storage allometry function type
!
! The following parameters (traits) are used
!
! wood_density, mean stem wood specific gravity (heart,sap,bark)
! allom_la_per_sa_int, leaf area per sapwood area, intercept [m2/cm2]
! allom_la_per_sa_slp, leaf area per sapwood area, slope on diameter [m2/cm2/cm]
! c2b, real, carbon to biomass multiplier (~2.0)
! allom_l2fr, fine root biomass per leaf biomass ratio [kgC/kgC]
! allom_agb_frac, the fraction of stem above ground [-]
! allom_d2h1, parameter 1 for d2h allometry (intercept)
! allom_d2h2, parameter 2 for d2h allometry (slope)
! allom_d2h3, parameter 3 for d2h allometry (optional)
! allom_d2bl1, parameter 1 for d2bl allometry (intercept)
! allom_d2bl2, parameter 2 for d2bl allometry (slope)
! allom_d2bl3, parameter 3 for d2bl allometry (optional)
! allom_agb1
! allom_agb2
! allom_agb3
! allom_dbh_maxheight, dbh at maximum height [cm]
! h_min, the height associated with newly recruited plant [m]
!
! Note - i4 types are expressed explicitly to accomodate unit testing calls
! to this module
!
! Explanation of pools and their control volumes
!
! ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
! total biomass = bleaf + bfineroot + agbw + bgbw
! ... or ...
! total biomass = bleaf + bfineroot + bdead + bsap
! ... and ...
! bdead = agbw + bgbw - bsap
!
! ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
! Initial Implementation: Ryan Knox July 2017
!
!===============================================================================
module FatesAllometryMod
! If this is a unit-test, these globals will be provided by a wrapper
use PRTParametersMod, only : prt_params
use FatesConstantsMod, only : r8 => fates_r8
use FatesConstantsMod, only : i4 => fates_int
use FatesConstantsMod, only : g_per_kg
use FatesConstantsMod, only : cm2_per_m2
use FatesConstantsMod, only : kg_per_Megag
use FatesConstantsMod, only : calloc_abs_error
use FatesConstantsMod, only : fates_unset_r8
use FatesConstantsMod, only : itrue
use FatesConstantsMod, only : nearzero
use shr_log_mod , only : errMsg => shr_log_errMsg
use FatesGlobals , only : fates_log
use FatesGlobals , only : endrun => fates_endrun
use FatesGlobals , only : FatesWarn,N2S,A2S,I2S
use EDParamsMod , only : nlevleaf,dinc_vai,dlower_vai
use DamageMainMod , only : GetCrownReduction
implicit none
private
public :: h2d_allom ! Generic height to diameter wrapper
public :: h_allom ! Generic diameter to height wrapper
public :: bagw_allom ! Generic AGWB (above grnd. woody bio) wrapper
public :: blmax_allom ! Generic maximum leaf biomass wrapper
public :: bleaf ! Generic actual leaf biomass wrapper
public :: storage_fraction_of_target ! storage as fraction of leaf biomass
public :: tree_lai ! Calculate tree-level LAI from actual leaf biomass
public :: tree_sai ! Calculate tree-level SAI from tree-level LAI
public :: bsap_allom ! Generic sapwood wrapper
public :: bbgw_allom ! Generic coarse root wrapper
public :: bfineroot ! Generic actual fine root biomass wrapper
public :: bdead_allom ! Generic bdead wrapper
public :: carea_allom ! Generic crown area wrapper
public :: bstore_allom ! Generic maximum storage carbon wrapper
public :: decay_coeff_vcmax ! vertical canopy decay rate, scaled on vcmax
public :: ForceDBH ! Method to set DBH to sync with structure
! or fineroot biomass
public :: CheckIntegratedAllometries
public :: CrownDepth
public :: set_root_fraction ! Generic wrapper to calculate normalized
! root profiles
public :: leafc_from_treelai ! Calculate target leaf carbon for a given treelai for SP mode
public :: VegAreaLayer
logical , parameter :: verbose_logging = .false.
character(len=*), parameter :: sourcefile = __FILE__
logical, parameter :: debug = .false.
character(len=1024) :: warn_msg ! for defining a warning message
! If testing b4b with older versions, do not remove sapwood
! Our old methods with saldarriaga did not remove sapwood from the
! bdead pool. But newer allometries are providing total agb
! which includes sapwood. Although a small quantity, it needs to be removed
! from the agb pool.
! Additionally, our calculation of sapwood biomass may be missing some unit conversions
contains
! ============================================================================
! Parameter Checks
! ============================================================================
! Checks to make sure parameters are not within expected ranges for each
! functions
! Check to make sure Martinez-Cano height cap is not on, or explicitly allowed
! ===========================================================================
! Helper Routines
! ===========================================================================
! ============================================================================
subroutine CheckIntegratedAllometries(dbh,ipft,crowndamage, &
canopy_trim, elongf_leaf, elongf_fnrt, elongf_stem, &
l2fr, bl,bfr,bsap,bstore,bdead, &
grow_leaf, grow_fr, grow_sap, grow_store, grow_dead, &
max_err, l_pass)
! This routine checks the error on the carbon allocation
! integration step. The integrated quantities should
! be a close match on the diagnosed quantities.
! We don't have to worry about small accumulating biases,
! or small errors because the scheme automatically pushes
! all carbon pools towards the allometric value corresponding
! to the diameter on each step, prior to performing an integration.
real(r8),intent(in) :: dbh ! diameter of plant [cm]
integer,intent(in) :: ipft ! plant functional type index
integer,intent(in) :: crowndamage ! crowndamage [1: undamaged, >1 damaged]
real(r8),intent(in) :: canopy_trim ! trimming function
real(r8),intent(in) :: elongf_leaf ! Leaf elongation factor
real(r8),intent(in) :: elongf_fnrt ! Fine-root elongation factor
real(r8),intent(in) :: elongf_stem ! Stem elongation factor
real(r8),intent(in) :: l2fr ! leaf to fine-root biomass multiplier (fr/leaf)
real(r8),intent(in) :: bl ! integrated leaf biomass [kgC]
real(r8),intent(in) :: bfr ! integrated fine root biomass [kgC]
real(r8),intent(in) :: bsap ! integrated sapwood biomass [kgC]
real(r8),intent(in) :: bstore ! integrated storage biomass [kgC]
real(r8),intent(in) :: bdead ! integrated structural biomass [kgc]
logical,intent(in) :: grow_leaf ! on-off switch for leaf growth
logical,intent(in) :: grow_fr ! on-off switch for root growth
logical,intent(in) :: grow_sap ! on-off switch for sapwood
logical,intent(in) :: grow_store! on-off switch for storage
logical,intent(in) :: grow_dead ! on-off switch for structure
real(r8),intent(in) :: max_err ! maximum allowable error
logical,intent(out) :: l_pass ! Error flag (pass=true,no-pass=false)
real(r8) :: height ! diagnosed height [m]
real(r8) :: bl_diag ! diagnosed leaf biomass [kgC]
real(r8) :: bfr_diag ! diagnosed fine-root biomass [kgC]
real(r8) :: bsap_diag ! diagnosed sapwood biomass [kgC]
real(r8) :: asap_diag ! sapwood area (dummy) [m2]
real(r8) :: bdead_diag ! diagnosed structural biomass [kgC]
real(r8) :: bstore_diag ! diagnosed storage biomass [kgC]
real(r8) :: bagw_diag ! diagnosed agbw [kgC]
real(r8) :: bbgw_diag ! diagnosed below ground wood [kgC]
l_pass = .true. ! Default assumption is that step passed
if (grow_leaf) then
call bleaf(dbh,ipft,crowndamage, canopy_trim, elongf_leaf, bl_diag)
if( abs(bl_diag-bl) > max_err ) then
if(verbose_logging) then
write(fates_log(),*) 'disparity in integrated/diagnosed leaf carbon'
write(fates_log(),*) 'resulting from the on-allometry growth integration step'
write(fates_log(),*) 'bl (integrated): ',bl
write(fates_log(),*) 'bl (diagnosed): ',bl_diag
write(fates_log(),*) 'relative error: ',abs(bl_diag-bl)/bl_diag
end if
l_pass = .false.
end if
end if
if (grow_fr) then
call bfineroot(dbh,ipft,canopy_trim,l2fr, elongf_fnrt, bfr_diag)
if( abs(bfr_diag-bfr) > max_err ) then
if(verbose_logging) then
write(fates_log(),*) 'disparity in integrated/diagnosed fineroot carbon'
write(fates_log(),*) 'resulting from the on-allometry growth integration step'
write(fates_log(),*) 'bfr (integrated): ',bfr
write(fates_log(),*) 'bfr (diagnosed): ',bfr_diag
write(fates_log(),*) 'relative error: ',abs(bfr_diag-bfr)/bfr_diag
end if
l_pass = .false.
end if
end if
if (grow_sap) then
call bsap_allom(dbh,ipft,crowndamage, canopy_trim, elongf_stem, asap_diag,bsap_diag)
if( abs(bsap_diag-bsap) > max_err ) then
if(verbose_logging) then
write(fates_log(),*) 'disparity in integrated/diagnosed sapwood carbon'
write(fates_log(),*) 'resulting from the on-allometry growth integration step'
write(fates_log(),*) 'bsap (integrated): ',bsap
write(fates_log(),*) 'bsap (diagnosed): ',bsap_diag
write(fates_log(),*) 'relative error: ',abs(bsap_diag-bsap)/bsap_diag
end if
l_pass = .false.
end if
end if
if (grow_store) then
call bstore_allom(dbh,ipft,crowndamage, canopy_trim,bstore_diag)
if( abs(bstore_diag-bstore) > max_err ) then
if(verbose_logging) then
write(fates_log(),*) 'disparity in integrated/diagnosed storage carbon'
write(fates_log(),*) 'resulting from the on-allometry growth integration step'
write(fates_log(),*) 'bsap (integrated): ',bstore
write(fates_log(),*) 'bsap (diagnosed): ',bstore_diag
write(fates_log(),*) 'relative error: ',abs(bstore_diag-bstore)/bstore_diag
end if
l_pass = .false.
end if
end if
if (grow_dead) then
call bsap_allom(dbh,ipft,crowndamage, canopy_trim, elongf_stem,asap_diag,bsap_diag)
call bagw_allom(dbh,ipft,crowndamage, elongf_stem, bagw_diag)
call bbgw_allom(dbh,ipft, elongf_stem,bbgw_diag)
call bdead_allom( bagw_diag, bbgw_diag, bsap_diag, ipft, bdead_diag )
if( abs(bdead_diag-bdead) > max_err ) then
if(verbose_logging) then
write(fates_log(),*) 'disparity in integrated/diagnosed structural carbon'
write(fates_log(),*) 'resulting from the on-allometry growth integration step'
write(fates_log(),*) 'bdead (integrated): ',bdead
write(fates_log(),*) 'bdead (diagnosed): ',bdead_diag
write(fates_log(),*) 'relative error: ',abs(bdead_diag-bdead)/bdead_diag
end if
l_pass = .false.
end if
end if
return
end subroutine CheckIntegratedAllometries
! ============================================================================
! Generic height to diameter interface
! ============================================================================
subroutine h2d_allom(h,ipft,d,dddh)
real(r8),intent(in) :: h ! height of plant [m]
integer(i4),intent(in) :: ipft ! PFT index
real(r8),intent(out) :: d ! plant diameter [cm]
real(r8),intent(out),optional :: dddh ! change in diameter per height [cm/m]
associate( p1 => prt_params%allom_d2h1(ipft), &
p2 => prt_params%allom_d2h2(ipft), &
p3 => prt_params%allom_d2h3(ipft), &
allom_hmode => prt_params%allom_hmode(ipft))
select case(allom_hmode)
case (1) ! O'Brien et al 1995, BCI
call h2d_obrien(h,p1,p2,d,dddh)
case (2) ! poorter 2006
call h2d_poorter2006(h,p1,p2,p3,d,dddh)
case (3) ! 2 parameter power function
call h2d_2pwr(h,p1,p2,d,dddh)
case (4) ! chave 2014
call h2d_chave2014(h,p1,p2,p3,d,dddh)
case (5) ! Martinez-Cano
call h2d_martcano(h,p1,p2,p3,d,dddh)
case DEFAULT
write(fates_log(),*) 'An undefined h2d allometry was specified: ',allom_hmode
write(fates_log(),*) 'Aborting'
call endrun(msg=errMsg(sourcefile, __LINE__))
end select
end associate
return
end subroutine h2d_allom
! ============================================================================
! Generic height interface
! ============================================================================
subroutine h_allom(d,ipft,h,dhdd)
! Arguments
real(r8),intent(in) :: d ! plant diameter [cm]
integer(i4),intent(in) :: ipft ! PFT index
real(r8),intent(out) :: h ! plant height [m]
real(r8),intent(out),optional :: dhdd ! change in height per diameter [m/cm]
associate( dbh_maxh => prt_params%allom_dbh_maxheight(ipft), &
p1 => prt_params%allom_d2h1(ipft), &
p2 => prt_params%allom_d2h2(ipft), &
p3 => prt_params%allom_d2h3(ipft), &
allom_hmode => prt_params%allom_hmode(ipft))
select case(allom_hmode)
case (1) ! "obrien"
call d2h_obrien(d,p1,p2,dbh_maxh,h,dhdd)
case (2) ! "poorter06"
call d2h_poorter2006(d,p1,p2,p3,dbh_maxh,h,dhdd)
case (3) ! "2parameter power function h=a*d^b "
call d2h_2pwr(d,p1,p2,dbh_maxh,h,dhdd)
case (4) ! "chave14")
call d2h_chave2014(d,p1,p2,p3,dbh_maxh,h,dhdd)
case (5) ! Martinez-Cano
call d2h_martcano(d,p1,p2,p3,dbh_maxh,h,dhdd)
case DEFAULT
write(fates_log(),*) 'An undefined height allometry was specified: ',allom_hmode
write(fates_log(),*) 'Aborting'
call endrun(msg=errMsg(sourcefile, __LINE__))
end select
end associate
return
end subroutine h_allom
! ============================================================================
! Generic AGB interface
! ============================================================================
subroutine bagw_allom(d,ipft,crowndamage, elongf_stem, bagw,dbagwdd)
use DamageMainMod, only : GetCrownReduction
use FatesParameterDerivedMod, only : param_derived
real(r8),intent(in) :: d ! plant diameter [cm]
integer(i4),intent(in) :: ipft ! PFT index
integer(i4),intent(in) :: crowndamage ! crowndamage [1: undamaged, >1: damaged]
real(r8),intent(in) :: elongf_stem ! Stem elongation factor
real(r8),intent(out) :: bagw ! biomass above ground woody tissues
real(r8),intent(out),optional :: dbagwdd ! change in agbw per diameter [kgC/cm]
real(r8) :: h ! height
real(r8) :: dhdd ! change in height wrt d
real(r8) :: crown_reduction ! crown reduction from damage
real(r8) :: branch_frac ! fraction of aboveground woody biomass in branches
associate( p1 => prt_params%allom_agb1(ipft), &
p2 => prt_params%allom_agb2(ipft), &
p3 => prt_params%allom_agb3(ipft), &
p4 => prt_params%allom_agb4(ipft), &
wood_density => prt_params%wood_density(ipft), &
c2b => prt_params%c2b(ipft), &
agb_frac => prt_params%allom_agb_frac(ipft), &
allom_amode => prt_params%allom_amode(ipft))
branch_frac = param_derived%branch_frac(ipft)
select case(allom_amode)
case (1) !"salda")
call h_allom(d,ipft,h,dhdd)
call dh2bagw_salda(d,h,dhdd,p1,p2,p3,p4,wood_density,c2b,agb_frac,bagw,dbagwdd)
case (2) !"2par_pwr")
! Switch for woodland dbh->drc
call d2bagw_2pwr(d,p1,p2,c2b,bagw,dbagwdd)
case (3) !"chave14")
call h_allom(d,ipft,h,dhdd)
call dh2bagw_chave2014(d,h,dhdd,p1,p2,wood_density,c2b,bagw,dbagwdd)
case (4) ! 3par_pwr
call h_allom(d,ipft,h,dhdd)
call dh2bagw_3pwr(d,h,dhdd,p1,p2,p3,wood_density,c2b,bagw,dbagwdd)
case (5) ! 3par_pwr_grass
call h_allom(d,ipft,h,dhdd)
call dh2bagw_3pwr_grass(d,h,dhdd,p1,p2,p3,c2b,bagw,dbagwdd)
case DEFAULT
write(fates_log(),*) 'An undefined AGB allometry was specified: ',allom_amode
write(fates_log(),*) 'Aborting'
call endrun(msg=errMsg(sourcefile, __LINE__))
end select
! Potentially reduce AGB based on crown damage (crown_reduction) and/or
! phenology (elongf_stem).
if(crowndamage > 1) then
call GetCrownReduction(crowndamage, crown_reduction)
bagw = elongf_stem * ( bagw - (bagw * branch_frac * crown_reduction) )
if(present(dbagwdd))then
dbagwdd = elongf_stem * ( dbagwdd - (dbagwdd * branch_frac * crown_reduction) )
end if
else
bagw = elongf_stem * bagw
if (present(dbagwdd)) then
dbagwdd = elongf_stem * dbagwdd
end if
end if
end associate
return
end subroutine bagw_allom
! ============================================================================
! Generic diameter to maximum leaf biomass interface
! ============================================================================
subroutine blmax_allom(d,ipft,blmax,dblmaxdd)
real(r8),intent(in) :: d ! plant diameter [cm]
integer(i4),intent(in) :: ipft ! PFT index
real(r8),intent(out) :: blmax ! plant leaf biomass [kg]
real(r8),intent(out),optional :: dblmaxdd ! change leaf bio per diameter [kgC/cm]
real(r8) :: h ! height
real(r8) :: dhdd ! change in height wrt d
associate( dbh_maxh => prt_params%allom_dbh_maxheight(ipft), &
rho => prt_params%wood_density(ipft), &
slatop => prt_params%slatop(ipft), &
c2b => prt_params%c2b(ipft), &
allom_lmode => prt_params%allom_lmode(ipft), &
p1 => prt_params%allom_d2bl1(ipft), &
p2 => prt_params%allom_d2bl2(ipft), &
p3 => prt_params%allom_d2bl3(ipft))
select case(allom_lmode)
case(1) !"salda")
call d2blmax_salda(d,p1,p2,p3,rho,dbh_maxh,c2b,blmax,dblmaxdd)
case(2) !"2par_pwr")
call d2blmax_2pwr(d,p1,p2,c2b,blmax,dblmaxdd)
case(3) ! dh2blmax_2pwr
call dh2blmax_2pwr(d,p1,p2,dbh_maxh,c2b,blmax,dblmaxdd)
case(4) ! dh2blmax_3pwr
call h_allom(d,ipft,h,dhdd)
call dh2blmax_3pwr(d,h,dhdd,p1,p2,p3,slatop,dbh_maxh,c2b,blmax,dblmaxdd)
case (5) ! dh2blmax_3pwr_grass
call h_allom(d,ipft,h,dhdd)
call dh2blmax_3pwr_grass(d,h,dhdd,p1,p2,p3,dbh_maxh,c2b,blmax,dblmaxdd)
case DEFAULT
write(fates_log(),*) 'An undefined leaf allometry was specified: ', &
allom_lmode
write(fates_log(),*) 'Aborting'
call endrun(msg=errMsg(sourcefile, __LINE__))
end select
end associate
return
end subroutine blmax_allom
! ============================================================================
! Generic crown area allometry wrapper
! ============================================================================
subroutine carea_allom(dbh,nplant,site_spread,ipft,crowndamage,c_area,inverse)
real(r8),intent(inout) :: dbh ! plant diameter at breast (reference) height [cm]
real(r8),intent(in) :: site_spread ! site level spread factor (crowdedness)
real(r8),intent(in) :: nplant ! number of plants [1/ha]
integer(i4),intent(in) :: ipft ! PFT index
integer(i4),intent(in) :: crowndamage ! crown damage class [1: undamaged, >1: damaged]
real(r8),intent(inout) :: c_area ! crown area per cohort (m2)
logical,optional,intent(in) :: inverse ! if true, calculate dbh from crown area
! instead of crown area from dbh
real(r8) :: dbh_eff ! Effective diameter (cm)
real(r8) :: height ! height
logical :: do_inverse ! local copy of the inverse argument
! defaults to false
logical :: capped_allom ! if we are using an allometry that caps
! crown area at height, we need to make
! special considerations
associate( dbh_maxh => prt_params%allom_dbh_maxheight(ipft), &
allom_lmode => prt_params%allom_lmode(ipft), &
d2bl_p2 => prt_params%allom_d2bl2(ipft), &
d2bl_ediff => prt_params%allom_blca_expnt_diff(ipft), &
d2ca_min => prt_params%allom_d2ca_coefficient_min(ipft), &
d2ca_max => prt_params%allom_d2ca_coefficient_max(ipft))
if( .not. present(inverse) ) then
do_inverse = .false.
else
do_inverse = inverse
if (do_inverse) then
c_area = c_area / nplant
endif
endif
select case(allom_lmode)
case(1)
dbh_eff = min(dbh,dbh_maxh)
call carea_2pwr(dbh_eff,site_spread,d2bl_p2,d2bl_ediff,d2ca_min,d2ca_max, &
crowndamage,c_area, do_inverse)
capped_allom = .true.
case(2) ! "2par_pwr")
call carea_2pwr(dbh,site_spread,d2bl_p2,d2bl_ediff,d2ca_min,d2ca_max, &
crowndamage, c_area, do_inverse)
capped_allom = .false.
case(3,5)
dbh_eff = min(dbh,dbh_maxh)
call carea_2pwr(dbh_eff,site_spread,d2bl_p2,d2bl_ediff,d2ca_min,d2ca_max, &
crowndamage, c_area, do_inverse)
capped_allom = .true.
case (4)
dbh_eff = min(dbh,dbh_maxh)
call h_allom(dbh,ipft,height)
call carea_3pwr(dbh_eff,height,ipft,dbh_maxh, site_spread,d2bl_p2, &
d2bl_ediff, d2ca_min,d2ca_max,crowndamage, c_area, do_inverse)
capped_allom = .true.
case DEFAULT
write(fates_log(),*) 'An undefined leaf allometry was specified: ', &
allom_lmode
write(fates_log(),*) 'Aborting'
call endrun(msg=errMsg(sourcefile, __LINE__))
end select
if (capped_allom .and. do_inverse) then
if (dbh_eff .lt. dbh_maxh) then
dbh = dbh_eff
else
! In this situation, we are signaling to the
! calling routine that we we cannot calculate
! dbh from crown area, because we have already
! hit the area cap, and the two are not proportional
! anymore. hopefully, the calling routine has an alternative
dbh = fates_unset_r8
endif
endif
c_area = c_area * nplant
end associate
return
end subroutine carea_allom
! =====================================================================================
subroutine bleaf(d,ipft,crowndamage,canopy_trim,elongf_leaf,bl,dbldd)
! -------------------------------------------------------------------------
! This subroutine calculates the actual target bleaf
! based on trimming. Because trimming
! is not allometry and rather an emergent property,
! this routine is not name-spaced with allom_
! -------------------------------------------------------------------------
use DamageMainMod , only : GetCrownReduction
real(r8),intent(in) :: d ! plant diameter [cm]
integer(i4),intent(in) :: ipft ! PFT index
integer(i4),intent(in) :: crowndamage ! crown damage class [1: undamaged, >1: damaged]
real(r8),intent(in) :: canopy_trim ! trimming function
real(r8),intent(in) :: elongf_leaf ! Leaf elongation factor (phenology)
real(r8),intent(out) :: bl ! plant leaf biomass [kgC]
real(r8),intent(out),optional :: dbldd ! change leaf bio per diameter [kgC/cm]
real(r8) :: blmax
real(r8) :: dblmaxdd
real(r8) :: crown_reduction
call blmax_allom(d,ipft,blmax,dblmaxdd)
! -------------------------------------------------------------------------
! Adjust for canopies that have become so deep that their bottom layer is
! not producing any carbon...
! nb this will change the allometry and the effects of this remain untested
! RF. April 2014
! -------------------------------------------------------------------------
bl = blmax * canopy_trim
if(present(dbldd))then
dbldd = dblmaxdd * canopy_trim
end if
! Potentially reduce leaf biomass based on crown damage (crown_reduction) and/or
! phenology (elongf_leaf).
if ( crowndamage > 1 ) then
call GetCrownReduction(crowndamage, crown_reduction)
bl = elongf_leaf * bl * (1.0_r8 - crown_reduction)
if(present(dbldd))then
dbldd = elongf_leaf * dblmaxdd * canopy_trim * (1.0_r8 - crown_reduction)
end if
else
bl = elongf_leaf * bl
if (present(dbldd)) then
dbldd = elongf_leaf * dbldd
end if
end if
return
end subroutine bleaf
! =====================================================================================
subroutine storage_fraction_of_target(c_store_target, c_store, frac)
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! This subroutine returns the ratio between the storage pool and the target
! storage. This subroutine is used both the carbon starvation mortality scheme
! and the optional respiration throttling. We impose checks so it cannot go negative
! due to truncation errors, but this function can return values greater than 1.
!
! Fractions exceeding do not impact the default linear carbon starvation model
! (mort_cstarvation_model=2), because mortality becomes zero, but they allow carbon
! starvation mortality rates to continue decaying when the exponential carbon
! starvation model is used (mort_cstarvation_model=2).
!
! Fraction values above 1 do not impact lowstorage_maintresp_reduction either,
! as that routine imposes no reduction once the fraction exceeds 1.
!--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
real(r8),intent(in) :: c_store_target ! target storage carbon [kg]
real(r8),intent(in) :: c_store ! storage carbon [kg]
real(r8),intent(out) :: frac
frac = max(0._r8, c_store / max( c_store_target, nearzero) )
end subroutine storage_fraction_of_target
! =====================================================================================
real(r8) function tree_lai( leaf_c, pft, c_area, nplant, cl, canopy_lai, vcmax25top)
! -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! LAI of individual trees is a function of the total leaf area and the total
! canopy area.
! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! !ARGUMENTS
real(r8), intent(in) :: leaf_c ! plant leaf carbon [kg]
integer, intent(in) :: pft ! Plant Functional Type index
real(r8), intent(in) :: c_area ! areal extent of canopy (m2)
real(r8), intent(in) :: nplant ! number of individuals in cohort per ha
integer, intent(in) :: cl ! canopy layer index
real(r8), intent(in) :: canopy_lai(:) ! total leaf area index of
! each canopy layer
real(r8), intent(in) :: vcmax25top ! maximum carboxylation rate at canopy
! top, ref 25C
! !LOCAL VARIABLES:
real(r8) :: leafc_per_unitarea ! KgC of leaf per m2 area of ground.
real(r8) :: slat ! the sla of the top leaf layer. m2/kgC
real(r8) :: canopy_lai_above ! total LAI of canopy layer overlying this tree
real(r8) :: vai_per_lai ! ratio of vegetation area index (ie. sai+lai)
! to lai for individual tree
real(r8) :: kn ! coefficient for exponential decay of 1/sla and
! vcmax with canopy depth
real(r8) :: sla_max ! Observational constraint on how large sla
! (m2/gC) can become
real(r8) :: leafc_slamax ! Leafc_per_unitarea at which sla_max is reached
real(r8) :: clim ! Upper limit for leafc_per_unitarea in exponential
! tree_lai function
!----------------------------------------------------------------------
if( leaf_c < -1.1_r8*calloc_abs_error .or. pft == 0 ) then
write(fates_log(),*) 'negative leaf carbon in LAI calculation?'
write(fates_log(),*) 'or.. pft was zero?'
write(fates_log(),*) 'problem in treelai',leaf_c,pft
call endrun(msg=errMsg(sourcefile, __LINE__))
endif
slat = g_per_kg * prt_params%slatop(pft) ! m2/g to m2/kg
leafc_per_unitarea = leaf_c/(c_area/nplant) !KgC/m2
if(leafc_per_unitarea > 0.0_r8)then
if (cl==1) then ! if in we are in the canopy (top) layer)
canopy_lai_above = 0._r8
else
canopy_lai_above = sum(canopy_lai(1:cl-1))
end if
! Coefficient for exponential decay of 1/sla with canopy depth:
kn = decay_coeff_vcmax(vcmax25top, &
prt_params%leafn_vert_scaler_coeff1(pft), &
prt_params%leafn_vert_scaler_coeff2(pft))
! take PFT-level maximum SLA value, even if under a thick canopy (which has units of m2/gC),
! and put into units of m2/kgC
sla_max = g_per_kg*prt_params%slamax(pft)
! Leafc_per_unitarea at which sla_max is reached due to exponential sla profile in canopy:
leafc_slamax = (slat - sla_max * exp(-1.0_r8 * kn * canopy_lai_above)) / &
(-1.0_r8 * kn * slat * sla_max)
if(leafc_slamax < 0.0_r8)then
leafc_slamax = 0.0_r8
endif
! Calculate tree_lai (m2 leaf area /m2 ground) = unitless LAI
!----------------------------------------------------------------------
! If leafc_per_unitarea is less than leafc_slamax,
! sla with depth in the canopy will not exceed sla_max.
! In this case, we can use an exponential profile for sla throughout the entire canopy.
! The exponential profile for sla is given by:
! sla(at a given canopy depth) = slat / exp(-kn (canopy_lai_above + tree_lai)
!
! We can solve for tree_lai using the above function for the sla profile and first setting
! leafc_per_unitarea = integral of e^(-kn(x + canopy_lai_above)) / slatop
! over x = 0 to tree_lai
! Then, rearranging the equation to solve for tree_lai.
if (leafc_per_unitarea <= leafc_slamax)then
tree_lai = (log(exp(-1.0_r8 * kn * canopy_lai_above) - &
kn * slat * leafc_per_unitarea) + &
(kn * canopy_lai_above)) / (-1.0_r8 * kn)
! If leafc_per_unitarea becomes too large, tree_lai becomes an imaginary number
! (because the tree_lai equation requires us to take the natural log of something >0)
! Thus, we include the following error message in case leafc_per_unitarea becomes too large.
clim = (exp(-1.0_r8 * kn * canopy_lai_above)) / (kn * slat)
if (leafc_per_unitarea >= clim) then
write(fates_log(),*) 'too much leafc_per_unitarea' , leafc_per_unitarea, clim, pft, canopy_lai_above
write(fates_log(),*) 'Aborting'
call endrun(msg=errMsg(sourcefile, __LINE__))
endif
! When leafc_per_unitarea is greater than leafc_slamax,
! tree_lai could become so great that the sla profile surpasses sla_max at depth.
! In this case, we use the exponential profile to calculate tree_lai until
! we reach the maximum allowed value for sla (sla_max).
! Then, calculate the remaining tree_lai using a linear function of sla_max and the remaining leafc.
else if(leafc_per_unitarea > leafc_slamax)then
! Add exponential and linear portions of tree_lai
! Exponential term for leafc = leafc_slamax;
! Linear term (static sla = sla_max) for portion of leafc > leafc_slamax
tree_lai = ((log(exp(-1.0_r8 * kn * canopy_lai_above) - &
kn * slat * leafc_slamax) + &
(kn * canopy_lai_above)) / (-1.0_r8 * kn)) + &
(leafc_per_unitarea - leafc_slamax) * sla_max
! if leafc_slamax becomes too large, tree_lai_exp becomes an imaginary number
! (because the tree_lai equation requires us to take the natural log of something >0)
! Thus, we include the following error message in case leafc_slamax becomes too large.
clim = (exp(-1.0_r8 * kn * canopy_lai_above)) / (kn * slat)
if(leafc_slamax >= clim)then
write(fates_log(),*) 'too much leafc_slamax' , &
leafc_per_unitarea, leafc_slamax, clim, pft, canopy_lai_above
write(fates_log(),*) 'Aborting'
call endrun(msg=errMsg(sourcefile, __LINE__))
endif
end if ! (leafc_per_unitarea > leafc_slamax)
else
tree_lai = 0.0_r8
endif ! (leafc_per_unitarea > 0.0_r8)
return
end function tree_lai
! ============================================================================
real(r8) function tree_sai(pft, dbh, crowndamage, canopy_trim, elongf_stem, c_area, nplant, &
cl, canopy_lai, treelai, vcmax25top, call_id )
! ============================================================================
! SAI of individual trees is a function of the LAI of individual trees
! ============================================================================
integer, intent(in) :: pft
real(r8), intent(in) :: dbh
integer, intent(in) :: crowndamage
real(r8), intent(in) :: canopy_trim ! trimming function (0-1)
real(r8), intent(in) :: elongf_stem ! Elongation factor for stems.
real(r8), intent(in) :: c_area ! crown area (m2)
real(r8), intent(in) :: nplant ! number of plants
integer, intent(in) :: cl ! canopy layer index
real(r8), intent(in) :: canopy_lai(:) ! total leaf area index of
! each canopy layer
real(r8), intent(in) :: treelai ! tree LAI for checking purposes only
real(r8), intent(in) :: vcmax25top ! maximum carboxylation rate at top of crown
integer,intent(in) :: call_id ! flag specifying where this is called
! from
real(r8) :: h
real(r8) :: target_lai
real(r8) :: target_bleaf
! Assume fully flushed leaves, so stem area index is independent on leaf phenology.
! SAI can be downscaled by stem phenology (typically applied to grasses only).
call bleaf(dbh, pft, crowndamage, canopy_trim, 1.0_r8, target_bleaf)
target_lai = tree_lai(target_bleaf, pft, c_area, nplant, cl,&
canopy_lai, vcmax25top)
tree_sai = elongf_stem * prt_params%allom_sai_scaler(pft) * target_lai
if( (treelai + tree_sai) > (sum(dinc_vai)) )then
call h_allom(dbh,pft,h)
write(fates_log(),*) 'The leaf and stem are predicted for a cohort, maxed out the array size'
write(fates_log(),*) 'lai: ',treelai
write(fates_log(),*) 'sai: ',tree_sai
write(fates_log(),*) 'lai+sai: ',treelai+tree_sai
write(fates_log(),*) 'target_bleaf: ', target_bleaf
write(fates_log(),*) 'area: ', c_area
write(fates_log(),*) 'target_lai: ',target_lai
write(fates_log(),*) 'dinc_vai:',dinc_vai
write(fates_log(),*) 'nlevleaf,sum(dinc_vai):',nlevleaf,sum(dinc_vai)
write(fates_log(),*) 'pft: ',pft
write(fates_log(),*) 'call id: ',call_id
write(fates_log(),*) 'n: ',nplant
write(fates_log(),*) 'dbh: ',dbh,' dbh_max: ',prt_params%allom_dbh_maxheight(pft)
write(fates_log(),*) 'h: ',h
write(fates_log(),*) 'canopy_trim: ',canopy_trim
write(fates_log(),*) 'canopy layer: ',cl
write(fates_log(),*) 'canopy_tlai: ',canopy_lai(:)
write(fates_log(),*) 'vcmax25top: ',vcmax25top
call endrun(msg=errMsg(sourcefile, __LINE__))
end if
return
end function tree_sai
! =====================================================================================
real(r8) function leafc_from_treelai( treelai, pft, c_area, nplant, cl, vcmax25top)
! -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! Calculates the amount of leaf carbon which is needed to generate a given treelai.
! iss the inverse of the 'tree_lai function.
! ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
! !ARGUMENTS
real(r8), intent(in) :: treelai ! desired tree lai m2/m2
integer, intent(in) :: pft ! Plant Functional Type index
real(r8), intent(in) :: c_area ! areal extent of canopy (m2)
real(r8), intent(in) :: nplant ! number of individuals in cohort per ha
integer, intent(in) :: cl ! canopy layer index
real(r8), intent(in) :: vcmax25top ! maximum carboxylation rate at canopy
! top, ref 25C
! !LOCAL VARIABLES:
real(r8) :: leaf_c ! plant leaf carbon [kg]
real(r8) :: leafc_per_unitarea ! KgC of leaf per m2 area of ground.
real(r8) :: slat ! the sla of the top leaf layer. m2/kgC
real(r8) :: vai_per_lai ! ratio of vegetation area index (ie. sai+lai)
! to lai for individual tree
real(r8) :: kn ! coefficient for exponential decay of 1/sla and
! vcmax with canopy depth
real(r8) :: sla_max ! Observational constraint on how large sla
! (m2/gC) can become
real(r8) :: leafc_slamax ! Leafc_per_unitarea at which sla_max is reached
real(r8) :: clim ! Upper limit for leafc_per_unitarea in exponential
! tree_lai function
real(r8) :: tree_lai_at_slamax ! lai at which we reach the maximum sla value.
real(r8) :: leafc_linear_phase ! amount of leaf carbon needed to get to the target treelai
! when the slamax value has been reached (i.e. deep layers with unchanging sla)
!----------------------------------------------------------------------
if( treelai < 0._r8.or. pft == 0 ) then
write(fates_log(),*) 'negative tree lai in leafc_from_treelai?'
write(fates_log(),*) 'or.. pft was zero?'
write(fates_log(),*) 'problem in leafc_from_treelai',treelai,pft
call endrun(msg=errMsg(sourcefile, __LINE__))
endif
if(cl>1)then
write(fates_log(),*) 'in sub-canopy layer in leafc_from_treelai'
write(fates_log(),*) 'this is not set up to work for lower canopy layers.'
write(fates_log(),*) 'problem in leafc_from_treelai',cl,pft
call endrun(msg=errMsg(sourcefile, __LINE__))
endif
! convert PFT-level canopy top and maximum SLA values and convert from m2/gC to m2/kgC
slat = g_per_kg * prt_params%slatop(pft)
sla_max = g_per_kg * prt_params%slamax(pft)
! Coefficient for exponential decay of 1/sla with canopy depth:
kn = decay_coeff_vcmax(vcmax25top, &
prt_params%leafn_vert_scaler_coeff1(pft), &
prt_params%leafn_vert_scaler_coeff2(pft))
if(treelai > 0.0_r8)then
! Leafc_per_unitarea at which sla_max is reached due to exponential sla profile in canopy:
leafc_slamax = max(0.0_r8,(slat - sla_max) / (-1.0_r8 * kn * slat * sla_max))
! treelai at which we reach maximum sla.
tree_lai_at_slamax = (log( 1.0_r8- kn * slat * leafc_slamax)) / (-1.0_r8 * kn)
if(treelai < tree_lai_at_slamax)then
! Inversion of the exponential phase calculation of treelai for a given leafc_per_unitarea
leafc_per_unitarea = (1.0_r8-exp(treelai*(-1.0_r8 * kn)))/(kn*slat)
else ! we exceed the maxumum sla
! Add exponential and linear portions of tree_lai
! Exponential term for leafc = leafc_slamax;
leafc_linear_phase = (treelai-tree_lai_at_slamax)/sla_max
leafc_per_unitarea = leafc_slamax + leafc_linear_phase
end if
leafc_from_treelai = leafc_per_unitarea*(c_area/nplant)
else
leafc_from_treelai = 0.0_r8
endif ! (leafc_per_unitarea > 0.0_r8)
return
end function leafc_from_treelai
! =====================================================================================
! ============================================================================
! Generic sapwood biomass interface
! ============================================================================
subroutine bsap_allom(d,ipft,crowndamage,canopy_trim,elongf_stem, sapw_area,bsap,dbsapdd)
use DamageMainMod , only : GetCrownReduction
use FatesParameterDerivedMod, only : param_derived
real(r8),intent(in) :: d ! plant diameter [cm]
integer(i4),intent(in) :: ipft ! PFT index
integer(i4),intent(in) :: crowndamage ! Crown damage class [1: undamaged, >1: damaged]
real(r8),intent(in) :: canopy_trim
real(r8),intent(in) :: elongf_stem ! Elongation factor for stems (phenology)
real(r8),intent(out) :: sapw_area ! cross section area of
! plant sapwood at reference [m2]
real(r8),intent(out) :: bsap ! sapwood biomass [kgC]
real(r8),intent(out),optional :: dbsapdd ! change in sapwood biomass
! per d [kgC/cm]
real(r8) :: h ! Plant height [m]
real(r8) :: dhdd
real(r8) :: bl
real(r8) :: dbldd
real(r8) :: bbgw
real(r8) :: dbbgwdd
real(r8) :: bagw
real(r8) :: dbagwdd
real(r8) :: bsap_cap ! cap sapwood so that it is no larger
! than some specified proportion of woody biomass
! should not trip, and only in small plants
real(r8) :: crown_reduction ! amount that crown is damage by
real(r8) :: agb_frac ! aboveground biomass fraction
real(r8) :: branch_frac ! fraction of aboveground woody biomass in branches
! Constrain sapwood so that its above ground portion be no larger than
! X% of total woody/fibrous (ie non leaf/fineroot) tissues
real(r8),parameter :: max_frac = 0.95_r8
agb_frac = prt_params%allom_agb_frac(ipft)
branch_frac = param_derived%branch_frac(ipft)
select case(prt_params%allom_smode(ipft))
! ---------------------------------------------------------------------
! Currently only one sapwood allometry model. the slope
! of the la:sa to diameter line is zero.
! ---------------------------------------------------------------------