peeragogy_pattern_catalog_journal.tex

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\newcommand{\patternname}[1]{\hyperref[sec:#1]{{\sc #1}}}
\newcommand{\patternnameext}[1]{{\sc #1}}
\newcommand{\patternnameplural}[1]{\hyperref[sec:#1]{{\sc #1s}}}
\newcommand{\patternnameposesssive}[1]{\hyperref[sec:#1]{{\sc #1's}}}

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\title{Patterns of Peeragogy}
\author{Joseph Corneli \and
Charles Jeffrey Danoff \and
Charlotte Pierce \and 
Paola Ricaurte \and 
Lisa Snow Macdonald}

\institute{Department of Computing, Goldsmiths College, University of London \\
\url{j.corneli@gold.ac.uk}\\[.5mm]
Mr Danoff's Teaching Laboratory \\
\url{danoff.charles@gmail.com}\\[.5mm]
Pierce Press and Independent Publishers of New England \\
\url{charlotte.pierce@gmail.com}\\[.5mm]
Department of Cultural Studies, Tecnol\'ogico de Monterrey \\
\url{ricaurte.paola@gmail.com}\\[.5mm]
independent researcher and consultant, Los Angeles\\
\url{snowinla@yahoo.com}
}

\begin{document}

\maketitle

\begin{abstract}
We describe nine design patterns that we have developed in our work on the Peeragogy project, in which we aim to help design the future of learning, inside and outside of institutions.  We use these patterns to build an ``emergent roadmap'' for the project.

\keywords{peer production, peer learning, design patterns}
\end{abstract}

\input{Introduction}        % \label{sec:Introduction}
\input{Peeragogy_Project}   % \label{sec:Peeragogy}
\input{Roadmap}             % \label{sec:Roadmap}
\input{Use_or_make}         % \label{sec:Reduce, reuse, recycle}
\input{Carrying_capacity}   % \label{sec:Carrying capacity}
\input{A_specific_project}  % \label{sec:A specific project}
\input{Wrapper}             % \label{sec:Wrapper}
\input{Heartbeat}           % \label{sec:Heartbeat}
\input{Newcomer}            % \label{sec:Newcomer}
\input{Scrapbook}           % \label{sec:Scrapbook}
\input{Distributed_Roadmap} % \label{sec:Distributed_Roadmap}
\input{Conclusion}



%% {\fontsize{10}{12}\selectfont\raggedright\uppercase{Acknowledgements}} \label{sec:Acknowledgements}\newline
%% \vspace{-.2cm}
%% \noindent

\subsection*{Acknowledgements}
We thank our PLoP shepherd David Kane, on-site shepherd Philip
Bachman, and workshop facilitator Mary Lynn Manns.  Amanda Lyons and
Fabrizio Terzi contributed images.  Photographs and icons were sourced
from the public domain.

Joseph Corneli was
supported by the Future and Emerging Technologies (FET) programme
within the Seventh Framework Programme for Research of the European
Commission, under FET-Open Grant number 611553 (COINVENT).

%\newpage
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\newpage

\begin{table}
{\footnotesize
\begin{tabular}{|p{\textwidth}|}
\hline
\rowcolor{Gray!30} \multicolumn{1}{|l|}{\color{Black} \ref{sec:Peeragogy}. \patternname{Peeragogy}: \textbf{How can we solve problems together?}}\\
\hline
\vspace{.01em}
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\begin{description}
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Roadmap}] We need to figure out how to get from ``here'' to ``there''.
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Carrying capacity}] Each contributor has bounded time and other resources.
\end{description}
\end{minipage}
\vspace{.25em}\\
\hline 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\rowcolor{Gray!30} \multicolumn{1}{|l|}{\color{Black} \ref{sec:Roadmap}. \patternname{Roadmap}: \textbf{How can we keep track of what everyone is doing?}}\\
\hline
\vspace{.01em}
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\begin{description}
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Reduce, reuse, recycle}] A plan develops by making sense of existing resources.
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Carrying capacity}] As difficulties are encountered the plan should be revised.
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{A specific project}] The project may cover many connected sub-projects.
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Wrapper}] Someone in the project needs to make sure the plan reflects reality.
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Newcomer}] If new participants have trouble getting involved, the plan should be revised.
\end{description}
\end{minipage}
\vspace{.25em}\\
\hline
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\rowcolor{Gray!30} \multicolumn{1}{|l|}{\color{Black} \ref{sec:Reduce, reuse, recycle}. \patternname{Reduce, reuse, recycle}: \textbf{How can we avoid undue isolation?}}\\
\hline
\vspace{.01em}
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\begin{description}
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Heartbeat}] As we notice new potential sub- or spin-off projects, we can give them more energy.
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Newcomer}] Each potential contributor brings a somewhat new approach.
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Scrapbook}] We can keep track of great ideas coming from many different sources.
\end{description}
\end{minipage}
\vspace{.25em}\\
\hline
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\rowcolor{Gray!30} \multicolumn{1}{|l|}{\color{Black} \ref{sec:Carrying capacity}. \patternname{Carrying capacity}: \textbf{How can we avoid becoming overwhelmed?}}\\
\hline
\vspace{.01em}
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\begin{description}
%%% Revise here
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Reduce, reuse, recycle}] All available perspectives are useful for the project.
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{A specific project}] We may need help to create or activate a plan.
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Wrapper}] Share skills and be transparent about limitations and bottlenecks.
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Heartbeat}] Project activites should give us rewards, not drain our energy.
\end{description}
\end{minipage}
\vspace{.25em}\\
\hline
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\rowcolor{Gray!30} \multicolumn{1}{|l|}{\color{Black} \ref{sec:A specific project}. \patternname{A specific project}: \textbf{How can avoid becoming perplexed?}}\\
\hline
\vspace{.01em}
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\begin{description}
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Peeragogy}] We can collaborate on (the intersections of) specific projects.
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Roadmap}] In some cases we can lay out the potential tasks far in advance.
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Heartbeat}] We may alternate open discussion with focused work sessions.
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Newcomer}]As we find our way from motivation to action, we add concreteness.
\end{description}
\end{minipage}
\vspace{.25em}\\
\hline
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\rowcolor{Gray!30} \multicolumn{1}{|l|}{\color{Black} \ref{sec:Wrapper}. \patternname{Wrapper}: \textbf{How can people stay in touch with the project?}}\\
\hline
\vspace{.01em}
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\begin{description}
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Roadmap}]If project participants are not all contributing, someone may take charge.
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Scrapbook}] One part of this responsible role is to gather outstanding concerns.
\end{description}
\end{minipage}
\vspace{.25em}\\
\hline
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\rowcolor{Gray!30} \multicolumn{1}{|l|}{\color{Black} \ref{sec:Heartbeat}. \patternname{Heartbeat}: \textbf{How can we make the project ``real'' for participants?}}\\
\hline
\vspace{.01em}
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\begin{description}
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Roadmap}] The simplest plan may just be to meet together from time to time.
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Wrapper}] It can be useful to set things up so that people can follow different rhythms.
\end{description}
\end{minipage}
\vspace{.25em}\\
\hline
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\rowcolor{Gray!30} \multicolumn{1}{|l|}{\color{Black} \ref{sec:Newcomer}. \patternname{Newcomer}: \textbf{How can we make the project accessible to new people?}}\\
\hline
\vspace{.01em}
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\begin{description}
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Roadmap}] Transparency can show outsiders what it would be like to get involved.
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Carrying capacity}] Boosting the project's capacity may require training in new participants.
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Wrapper}] Ideally we would actively welcome all contributions with love.
\end{description}
\end{minipage}
\vspace{.25em}\\
\hline
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\rowcolor{Gray!30} \multicolumn{1}{|l|}{\color{Black} \ref{sec:Scrapbook}. \patternname{Scrapbook}: \textbf{How can we maintain focus as time goes by?}}\\
\hline
\vspace{.01em}
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\begin{description}
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Carrying capacity}] It is useful to record obstacles and outstanding challenges.
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{A specific project}] We want to stay connected to concrete action, not just theory.
\item[$\leftarrow$\patternname{Heartbeat}] A project that is no longer rewarding may be put on the back burner.
\end{description}
\end{minipage}
\vspace{.25em}\\
\hline

\end{tabular}
}
\caption{Backwards links specify the ``larger'' context for each of our patterns.  This helps to explain the core problem that each pattern in our pattern language addresses. This table records each instance of \textbf{B}$\leftarrow$\textbf{A} where pattern \textbf{A} refers to pattern \textbf{B}.  }
\end{table}

\begin{table}
{\footnotesize
\begin{tabular}{|p{\textwidth}|}
\hline
\rowcolor{Gray!30} \multicolumn{1}{|l|}{\color{Black} \ref{sec:Peeragogy}. \patternname{Peeragogy}: \textbf{Get really concrete about what the problems are.}}\\
\hline
\vspace{.01em}
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\begin{description}
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{A specific project}] The way to make progress is to get specific.
\end{description}
\end{minipage}
\vspace{-.05em}\\
\hline 
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\rowcolor{Gray!30} \multicolumn{1}{|l|}{\color{Black} \ref{sec:Roadmap}. \patternname{Roadmap}: \textbf{Build a plan that we keep updating as we go along.}}\\
\hline
\vspace{.01em}
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\begin{description}
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{A specific project}] The project shouldn't solve all problems.
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{Heartbeat}] People will meet in some rhythm.
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{Wrapper}] Someone should help those who are less involved keep apprised of progress.
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{Newcomer}] A good plan can help new people get involved.
\end{description}
\end{minipage}
\vspace{.25em}\\
\hline
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\rowcolor{Gray!30} \multicolumn{1}{|l|}{\color{Black} \ref{sec:Reduce, reuse, recycle}. \patternname{Reduce, reuse, recycle}: \textbf{Use what's there and share what we make.}}\\
\hline
\vspace{.01em}
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\begin{description}
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{Roadmap}] Develop a plan to make sense of existing resources.
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{Carrying capacity}] Existing stresses are one resource that we can use.
\end{description}
\end{minipage}
\vspace{.25em}\\
\hline
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\rowcolor{Gray!30} \multicolumn{1}{|l|}{\color{Black} \ref{sec:Carrying capacity}. \patternname{Carrying capacity}: \textbf{Clearly express when we're frustrated.}}\\
\hline
\vspace{.01em}
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\begin{description}
%%% Revise here
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{Roadmap}] When problems and difficulties are made explicit they can eventually be addressed.
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{Newcomer}] If there is too much work to do, finding people to help may be helpful.
\end{description}
\end{minipage}
\vspace{.25em}\\
\hline
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\rowcolor{Gray!30} \multicolumn{1}{|l|}{\color{Black} \ref{sec:A specific project}. \patternname{A specific project}: \textbf{Focus on concrete, doable tasks.}}\\
\hline
\vspace{.01em}
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\begin{description}
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{Roadmap}] Make your project even more specific by creating a concrete plan.
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{Carrying capacity}] Make the scope of the project match your available energy.
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{Scrapbook}] Make note of anything you haven't been able to solve and move on.
\end{description}
\end{minipage}
\vspace{.25em}\\
\hline
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\rowcolor{Gray!30} \multicolumn{1}{|l|}{\color{Black} \ref{sec:Wrapper}. \patternname{Wrapper}: \textbf{Maintain a coherent public surface.}}\\
\hline
\vspace{.01em}
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\begin{description}
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{Roadmap}] Part of your job is to draw out goals and methods that people are using.
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{Carrying capacity}] Make note of difficulties that the group encounters.
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{Newcomer}] Make the project accessible to newcomers.
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{Heartbeat}] Make sure that meetings happen and that reports on those meetings go to the right people.
\end{description}
\end{minipage}
\vspace{.25em}\\
\hline
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\rowcolor{Gray!30} \multicolumn{1}{|l|}{\color{Black} \ref{sec:Heartbeat}. \patternname{Heartbeat}: \textbf{Keep up a regular, sustaining rhythm.}}\\
\hline
\vspace{.01em}
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\begin{description}
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{Reduce, reuse, recycle}] You can set up spin-off projects when something gets interesting.
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{Carrying capacity}] The group should nurture the people in the group.
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{A specific project}] Set up regular meetings to focus on specific tasks.
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{Scrapbook}] Wind down projects that are no longer helpful.
\end{description}
\end{minipage}
\vspace{.25em}\\
\hline
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\rowcolor{Gray!30} \multicolumn{1}{|l|}{\color{Black} \ref{sec:Newcomer}. \patternname{Newcomer}: \textbf{Let's learn from newcomers.}}\\
\hline
\vspace{.01em}
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\begin{description}
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{Roadmap}] A new person can give feedback on how clear the plan is.
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{A specific project}] Newcomers should adapt their general interest to a specific task.
\end{description}
\end{minipage}
\vspace{.25em}\\
\hline
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\rowcolor{Gray!30} \multicolumn{1}{|l|}{\color{Black} \ref{sec:Scrapbook}. \patternname{Scrapbook}: \textbf{Move things that are not of immediate use out of focus.}}\\
\hline
\vspace{.01em}
\begin{minipage}{\textwidth}
\begin{description}
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{Roadmap}] Just as we keep track of the future plans, we should also keep track of past events.
\item[$\rightarrow$\patternname{Reduce, reuse, recycle}] Something that is not interesting right now may become interesting later.
\end{description}
\end{minipage}
\vspace{.25em}\\
\hline

\end{tabular}
}
\caption{Forward links specify the ``smaller'' context for each of our patterns.  This helps to explain the core solution that each pattern in our pattern language offers. This table records each instance of \textbf{A}$\rightarrow$\textbf{B} where pattern \textbf{A} refers to pattern \textbf{B}.}
\end{table}


\end{document}