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pymethods.rs
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pymethods.rs
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use crate::exceptions::PyStopAsyncIteration;
use crate::gil::LockGIL;
use crate::impl_::callback::IntoPyCallbackOutput;
use crate::impl_::panic::PanicTrap;
use crate::impl_::pycell::{PyClassObject, PyClassObjectLayout};
use crate::internal::get_slot::{get_slot, TP_BASE, TP_CLEAR, TP_TRAVERSE};
use crate::pycell::impl_::PyClassBorrowChecker as _;
use crate::pycell::{PyBorrowError, PyBorrowMutError};
use crate::pyclass::boolean_struct::False;
use crate::types::any::PyAnyMethods;
use crate::types::PyType;
use crate::{
ffi, Bound, DowncastError, Py, PyAny, PyClass, PyClassInitializer, PyErr, PyObject, PyRef,
PyRefMut, PyResult, PyTraverseError, PyTypeCheck, PyVisit, Python,
};
use std::ffi::CStr;
use std::fmt;
use std::marker::PhantomData;
use std::os::raw::{c_int, c_void};
use std::panic::{catch_unwind, AssertUnwindSafe};
use std::ptr::null_mut;
use super::trampoline;
use crate::internal_tricks::{clear_eq, traverse_eq};
/// Python 3.8 and up - __ipow__ has modulo argument correctly populated.
#[cfg(Py_3_8)]
#[repr(transparent)]
pub struct IPowModulo(*mut ffi::PyObject);
/// Python 3.7 and older - __ipow__ does not have modulo argument correctly populated.
#[cfg(not(Py_3_8))]
#[repr(transparent)]
pub struct IPowModulo(#[allow(dead_code)] std::mem::MaybeUninit<*mut ffi::PyObject>);
/// Helper to use as pymethod ffi definition
#[allow(non_camel_case_types)]
pub type ipowfunc = unsafe extern "C" fn(
arg1: *mut ffi::PyObject,
arg2: *mut ffi::PyObject,
arg3: IPowModulo,
) -> *mut ffi::PyObject;
impl IPowModulo {
#[cfg(Py_3_8)]
#[inline]
pub fn as_ptr(self) -> *mut ffi::PyObject {
self.0
}
#[cfg(not(Py_3_8))]
#[inline]
pub fn as_ptr(self) -> *mut ffi::PyObject {
// Safety: returning a borrowed pointer to Python `None` singleton
unsafe { ffi::Py_None() }
}
}
/// `PyMethodDefType` represents different types of Python callable objects.
/// It is used by the `#[pymethods]` attribute.
#[cfg_attr(test, derive(Clone))]
pub enum PyMethodDefType {
/// Represents class method
Class(PyMethodDef),
/// Represents static method
Static(PyMethodDef),
/// Represents normal method
Method(PyMethodDef),
/// Represents class attribute, used by `#[attribute]`
ClassAttribute(PyClassAttributeDef),
/// Represents getter descriptor, used by `#[getter]`
Getter(PyGetterDef),
/// Represents setter descriptor, used by `#[setter]`
Setter(PySetterDef),
/// Represents a struct member
StructMember(ffi::PyMemberDef),
}
#[derive(Copy, Clone, Debug)]
pub enum PyMethodType {
PyCFunction(ffi::PyCFunction),
PyCFunctionWithKeywords(ffi::PyCFunctionWithKeywords),
#[cfg(any(Py_3_10, not(Py_LIMITED_API)))]
PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords(ffi::PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords),
}
pub type PyClassAttributeFactory = for<'p> fn(Python<'p>) -> PyResult<PyObject>;
// TODO: it would be nice to use CStr in these types, but then the constructors can't be const fn
// until `CStr::from_bytes_with_nul_unchecked` is const fn.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct PyMethodDef {
pub(crate) ml_name: &'static CStr,
pub(crate) ml_meth: PyMethodType,
pub(crate) ml_flags: c_int,
pub(crate) ml_doc: &'static CStr,
}
#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
pub struct PyClassAttributeDef {
pub(crate) name: &'static CStr,
pub(crate) meth: PyClassAttributeFactory,
}
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct PyGetterDef {
pub(crate) name: &'static CStr,
pub(crate) meth: Getter,
pub(crate) doc: &'static CStr,
}
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct PySetterDef {
pub(crate) name: &'static CStr,
pub(crate) meth: Setter,
pub(crate) doc: &'static CStr,
}
unsafe impl Sync for PyMethodDef {}
unsafe impl Sync for PyGetterDef {}
unsafe impl Sync for PySetterDef {}
impl PyMethodDef {
/// Define a function with no `*args` and `**kwargs`.
pub const fn noargs(
ml_name: &'static CStr,
cfunction: ffi::PyCFunction,
ml_doc: &'static CStr,
) -> Self {
Self {
ml_name,
ml_meth: PyMethodType::PyCFunction(cfunction),
ml_flags: ffi::METH_NOARGS,
ml_doc,
}
}
/// Define a function that can take `*args` and `**kwargs`.
pub const fn cfunction_with_keywords(
ml_name: &'static CStr,
cfunction: ffi::PyCFunctionWithKeywords,
ml_doc: &'static CStr,
) -> Self {
Self {
ml_name,
ml_meth: PyMethodType::PyCFunctionWithKeywords(cfunction),
ml_flags: ffi::METH_VARARGS | ffi::METH_KEYWORDS,
ml_doc,
}
}
/// Define a function that can take `*args` and `**kwargs`.
#[cfg(any(Py_3_10, not(Py_LIMITED_API)))]
pub const fn fastcall_cfunction_with_keywords(
ml_name: &'static CStr,
cfunction: ffi::PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords,
ml_doc: &'static CStr,
) -> Self {
Self {
ml_name,
ml_meth: PyMethodType::PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords(cfunction),
ml_flags: ffi::METH_FASTCALL | ffi::METH_KEYWORDS,
ml_doc,
}
}
pub const fn flags(mut self, flags: c_int) -> Self {
self.ml_flags |= flags;
self
}
/// Convert `PyMethodDef` to Python method definition struct `ffi::PyMethodDef`
pub(crate) fn as_method_def(&self) -> ffi::PyMethodDef {
let meth = match self.ml_meth {
PyMethodType::PyCFunction(meth) => ffi::PyMethodDefPointer { PyCFunction: meth },
PyMethodType::PyCFunctionWithKeywords(meth) => ffi::PyMethodDefPointer {
PyCFunctionWithKeywords: meth,
},
#[cfg(any(Py_3_10, not(Py_LIMITED_API)))]
PyMethodType::PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords(meth) => ffi::PyMethodDefPointer {
PyCFunctionFastWithKeywords: meth,
},
};
ffi::PyMethodDef {
ml_name: self.ml_name.as_ptr(),
ml_meth: meth,
ml_flags: self.ml_flags,
ml_doc: self.ml_doc.as_ptr(),
}
}
}
impl PyClassAttributeDef {
/// Define a class attribute.
pub const fn new(name: &'static CStr, meth: PyClassAttributeFactory) -> Self {
Self { name, meth }
}
}
// Manual implementation because `Python<'_>` does not implement `Debug` and
// trait bounds on `fn` compiler-generated derive impls are too restrictive.
impl fmt::Debug for PyClassAttributeDef {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
f.debug_struct("PyClassAttributeDef")
.field("name", &self.name)
.finish()
}
}
/// Class getter / setters
pub(crate) type Getter =
for<'py> unsafe fn(Python<'py>, *mut ffi::PyObject) -> PyResult<*mut ffi::PyObject>;
pub(crate) type Setter =
for<'py> unsafe fn(Python<'py>, *mut ffi::PyObject, *mut ffi::PyObject) -> PyResult<c_int>;
impl PyGetterDef {
/// Define a getter.
pub const fn new(name: &'static CStr, getter: Getter, doc: &'static CStr) -> Self {
Self {
name,
meth: getter,
doc,
}
}
}
impl PySetterDef {
/// Define a setter.
pub const fn new(name: &'static CStr, setter: Setter, doc: &'static CStr) -> Self {
Self {
name,
meth: setter,
doc,
}
}
}
/// Calls an implementation of __traverse__ for tp_traverse
///
/// NB cannot accept `'static` visitor, this is a sanity check below:
///
/// ```rust,compile_fail
/// use pyo3::prelude::*;
/// use pyo3::pyclass::{PyTraverseError, PyVisit};
///
/// #[pyclass]
/// struct Foo;
///
/// #[pymethods]
/// impl Foo {
/// fn __traverse__(&self, _visit: PyVisit<'static>) -> Result<(), PyTraverseError> {
/// Ok(())
/// }
/// }
/// ```
///
/// Elided lifetime should compile ok:
///
/// ```rust
/// use pyo3::prelude::*;
/// use pyo3::pyclass::{PyTraverseError, PyVisit};
///
/// #[pyclass]
/// struct Foo;
///
/// #[pymethods]
/// impl Foo {
/// fn __traverse__(&self, _visit: PyVisit<'_>) -> Result<(), PyTraverseError> {
/// Ok(())
/// }
/// }
/// ```
#[doc(hidden)]
pub unsafe fn _call_traverse<T>(
slf: *mut ffi::PyObject,
impl_: fn(&T, PyVisit<'_>) -> Result<(), PyTraverseError>,
visit: ffi::visitproc,
arg: *mut c_void,
current_traverse: ffi::traverseproc,
) -> c_int
where
T: PyClass,
{
// It is important the implementation of `__traverse__` cannot safely access the GIL,
// c.f. https://github.com/PyO3/pyo3/issues/3165, and hence we do not expose our GIL
// token to the user code and lock safe methods for acquiring the GIL.
// (This includes enforcing the `&self` method receiver as e.g. `PyRef<Self>` could
// reconstruct a GIL token via `PyRef::py`.)
// Since we do not create a `GILPool` at all, it is important that our usage of the GIL
// token does not produce any owned objects thereby calling into `register_owned`.
let trap = PanicTrap::new("uncaught panic inside __traverse__ handler");
let lock = LockGIL::during_traverse();
let super_retval = call_super_traverse(slf, visit, arg, current_traverse);
if super_retval != 0 {
return super_retval;
}
// SAFETY: `slf` is a valid Python object pointer to a class object of type T, and
// traversal is running so no mutations can occur.
let class_object: &PyClassObject<T> = &*slf.cast();
let retval =
// `#[pyclass(unsendable)]` types can only be deallocated by their own thread, so
// do not traverse them if not on their owning thread :(
if class_object.check_threadsafe().is_ok()
// ... and we cannot traverse a type which might be being mutated by a Rust thread
&& class_object.borrow_checker().try_borrow().is_ok() {
struct TraverseGuard<'a, T: PyClass>(&'a PyClassObject<T>);
impl<T: PyClass> Drop for TraverseGuard<'_, T> {
fn drop(&mut self) {
self.0.borrow_checker().release_borrow()
}
}
// `.try_borrow()` above created a borrow, we need to release it when we're done
// traversing the object. This allows us to read `instance` safely.
let _guard = TraverseGuard(class_object);
let instance = &*class_object.contents.value.get();
let visit = PyVisit { visit, arg, _guard: PhantomData };
match catch_unwind(AssertUnwindSafe(move || impl_(instance, visit))) {
Ok(Ok(())) => 0,
Ok(Err(traverse_error)) => traverse_error.into_inner(),
Err(_err) => -1,
}
} else {
0
};
// Drop lock before trap just in case dropping lock panics
drop(lock);
trap.disarm();
retval
}
/// Call super-type traverse method, if necessary.
///
/// Adapted from <https://github.com/cython/cython/blob/7acfb375fb54a033f021b0982a3cd40c34fb22ac/Cython/Utility/ExtensionTypes.c#L386>
///
/// TODO: There are possible optimizations over looking up the base type in this way
/// - if the base type is known in this module, can potentially look it up directly in module state
/// (when we have it)
/// - if the base type is a Python builtin, can jut call the C function directly
/// - if the base type is a PyO3 type defined in the same module, can potentially do similar to
/// tp_alloc where we solve this at compile time
unsafe fn call_super_traverse(
obj: *mut ffi::PyObject,
visit: ffi::visitproc,
arg: *mut c_void,
current_traverse: ffi::traverseproc,
) -> c_int {
// SAFETY: in this function here it's ok to work with raw type objects `ffi::Py_TYPE`
// because the GC is running and so
// - (a) we cannot do refcounting and
// - (b) the type of the object cannot change.
let mut ty = ffi::Py_TYPE(obj);
let mut traverse: Option<ffi::traverseproc>;
// First find the current type by the current_traverse function
loop {
traverse = get_slot(ty, TP_TRAVERSE);
if traverse_eq(traverse, current_traverse) {
break;
}
ty = get_slot(ty, TP_BASE);
if ty.is_null() {
// FIXME: return an error if current type not in the MRO? Should be impossible.
return 0;
}
}
// Get first base which has a different traverse function
while traverse_eq(traverse, current_traverse) {
ty = get_slot(ty, TP_BASE);
if ty.is_null() {
break;
}
traverse = get_slot(ty, TP_TRAVERSE);
}
// If we found a type with a different traverse function, call it
if let Some(traverse) = traverse {
return traverse(obj, visit, arg);
}
// FIXME same question as cython: what if the current type is not in the MRO?
0
}
/// Calls an implementation of __clear__ for tp_clear
pub unsafe fn _call_clear(
slf: *mut ffi::PyObject,
impl_: for<'py> unsafe fn(Python<'py>, *mut ffi::PyObject) -> PyResult<()>,
current_clear: ffi::inquiry,
) -> c_int {
trampoline::trampoline(move |py| {
let super_retval = call_super_clear(py, slf, current_clear);
if super_retval != 0 {
return Err(PyErr::fetch(py));
}
impl_(py, slf)?;
Ok(0)
})
}
/// Call super-type traverse method, if necessary.
///
/// Adapted from <https://github.com/cython/cython/blob/7acfb375fb54a033f021b0982a3cd40c34fb22ac/Cython/Utility/ExtensionTypes.c#L386>
///
/// TODO: There are possible optimizations over looking up the base type in this way
/// - if the base type is known in this module, can potentially look it up directly in module state
/// (when we have it)
/// - if the base type is a Python builtin, can jut call the C function directly
/// - if the base type is a PyO3 type defined in the same module, can potentially do similar to
/// tp_alloc where we solve this at compile time
unsafe fn call_super_clear(
py: Python<'_>,
obj: *mut ffi::PyObject,
current_clear: ffi::inquiry,
) -> c_int {
let mut ty = PyType::from_borrowed_type_ptr(py, ffi::Py_TYPE(obj));
let mut clear: Option<ffi::inquiry>;
// First find the current type by the current_clear function
loop {
clear = ty.get_slot(TP_CLEAR);
if clear_eq(clear, current_clear) {
break;
}
let base = ty.get_slot(TP_BASE);
if base.is_null() {
// FIXME: return an error if current type not in the MRO? Should be impossible.
return 0;
}
ty = PyType::from_borrowed_type_ptr(py, base);
}
// Get first base which has a different clear function
while clear_eq(clear, current_clear) {
let base = ty.get_slot(TP_BASE);
if base.is_null() {
break;
}
ty = PyType::from_borrowed_type_ptr(py, base);
clear = ty.get_slot(TP_CLEAR);
}
// If we found a type with a different clear function, call it
if let Some(clear) = clear {
return clear(obj);
}
// FIXME same question as cython: what if the current type is not in the MRO?
0
}
// Autoref-based specialization for handling `__next__` returning `Option`
pub struct IterBaseTag;
impl IterBaseTag {
#[inline]
pub fn convert<'py, Value, Target>(self, py: Python<'py>, value: Value) -> PyResult<Target>
where
Value: IntoPyCallbackOutput<'py, Target>,
{
value.convert(py)
}
}
pub trait IterBaseKind {
#[inline]
fn iter_tag(&self) -> IterBaseTag {
IterBaseTag
}
}
impl<Value> IterBaseKind for &Value {}
pub struct IterOptionTag;
impl IterOptionTag {
#[inline]
pub fn convert<'py, Value>(
self,
py: Python<'py>,
value: Option<Value>,
) -> PyResult<*mut ffi::PyObject>
where
Value: IntoPyCallbackOutput<'py, *mut ffi::PyObject>,
{
match value {
Some(value) => value.convert(py),
None => Ok(null_mut()),
}
}
}
pub trait IterOptionKind {
#[inline]
fn iter_tag(&self) -> IterOptionTag {
IterOptionTag
}
}
impl<Value> IterOptionKind for Option<Value> {}
pub struct IterResultOptionTag;
impl IterResultOptionTag {
#[inline]
pub fn convert<'py, Value, Error>(
self,
py: Python<'py>,
value: Result<Option<Value>, Error>,
) -> PyResult<*mut ffi::PyObject>
where
Value: IntoPyCallbackOutput<'py, *mut ffi::PyObject>,
Error: Into<PyErr>,
{
match value {
Ok(Some(value)) => value.convert(py),
Ok(None) => Ok(null_mut()),
Err(err) => Err(err.into()),
}
}
}
pub trait IterResultOptionKind {
#[inline]
fn iter_tag(&self) -> IterResultOptionTag {
IterResultOptionTag
}
}
impl<Value, Error> IterResultOptionKind for Result<Option<Value>, Error> {}
// Autoref-based specialization for handling `__anext__` returning `Option`
pub struct AsyncIterBaseTag;
impl AsyncIterBaseTag {
#[inline]
pub fn convert<'py, Value, Target>(self, py: Python<'py>, value: Value) -> PyResult<Target>
where
Value: IntoPyCallbackOutput<'py, Target>,
{
value.convert(py)
}
}
pub trait AsyncIterBaseKind {
#[inline]
fn async_iter_tag(&self) -> AsyncIterBaseTag {
AsyncIterBaseTag
}
}
impl<Value> AsyncIterBaseKind for &Value {}
pub struct AsyncIterOptionTag;
impl AsyncIterOptionTag {
#[inline]
pub fn convert<'py, Value>(
self,
py: Python<'py>,
value: Option<Value>,
) -> PyResult<*mut ffi::PyObject>
where
Value: IntoPyCallbackOutput<'py, *mut ffi::PyObject>,
{
match value {
Some(value) => value.convert(py),
None => Err(PyStopAsyncIteration::new_err(())),
}
}
}
pub trait AsyncIterOptionKind {
#[inline]
fn async_iter_tag(&self) -> AsyncIterOptionTag {
AsyncIterOptionTag
}
}
impl<Value> AsyncIterOptionKind for Option<Value> {}
pub struct AsyncIterResultOptionTag;
impl AsyncIterResultOptionTag {
#[inline]
pub fn convert<'py, Value, Error>(
self,
py: Python<'py>,
value: Result<Option<Value>, Error>,
) -> PyResult<*mut ffi::PyObject>
where
Value: IntoPyCallbackOutput<'py, *mut ffi::PyObject>,
Error: Into<PyErr>,
{
match value {
Ok(Some(value)) => value.convert(py),
Ok(None) => Err(PyStopAsyncIteration::new_err(())),
Err(err) => Err(err.into()),
}
}
}
pub trait AsyncIterResultOptionKind {
#[inline]
fn async_iter_tag(&self) -> AsyncIterResultOptionTag {
AsyncIterResultOptionTag
}
}
impl<Value, Error> AsyncIterResultOptionKind for Result<Option<Value>, Error> {}
/// Used in `#[classmethod]` to pass the class object to the method
/// and also in `#[pyfunction(pass_module)]`.
///
/// This is a wrapper to avoid implementing `From<Bound>` for GIL Refs.
///
/// Once the GIL Ref API is fully removed, it should be possible to simplify
/// this to just `&'a Bound<'py, T>` and `From` implementations.
pub struct BoundRef<'a, 'py, T>(pub &'a Bound<'py, T>);
impl<'a, 'py> BoundRef<'a, 'py, PyAny> {
pub unsafe fn ref_from_ptr(py: Python<'py>, ptr: &'a *mut ffi::PyObject) -> Self {
BoundRef(Bound::ref_from_ptr(py, ptr))
}
pub unsafe fn ref_from_ptr_or_opt(
py: Python<'py>,
ptr: &'a *mut ffi::PyObject,
) -> Option<Self> {
Bound::ref_from_ptr_or_opt(py, ptr).as_ref().map(BoundRef)
}
pub fn downcast<T: PyTypeCheck>(self) -> Result<BoundRef<'a, 'py, T>, DowncastError<'a, 'py>> {
self.0.downcast::<T>().map(BoundRef)
}
pub unsafe fn downcast_unchecked<T>(self) -> BoundRef<'a, 'py, T> {
BoundRef(self.0.downcast_unchecked::<T>())
}
}
impl<'a, 'py, T: PyClass> TryFrom<BoundRef<'a, 'py, T>> for PyRef<'py, T> {
type Error = PyBorrowError;
#[inline]
fn try_from(value: BoundRef<'a, 'py, T>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
value.0.try_borrow()
}
}
impl<'a, 'py, T: PyClass<Frozen = False>> TryFrom<BoundRef<'a, 'py, T>> for PyRefMut<'py, T> {
type Error = PyBorrowMutError;
#[inline]
fn try_from(value: BoundRef<'a, 'py, T>) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
value.0.try_borrow_mut()
}
}
impl<'a, 'py, T> From<BoundRef<'a, 'py, T>> for Bound<'py, T> {
#[inline]
fn from(bound: BoundRef<'a, 'py, T>) -> Self {
bound.0.clone()
}
}
impl<'a, 'py, T> From<BoundRef<'a, 'py, T>> for &'a Bound<'py, T> {
#[inline]
fn from(bound: BoundRef<'a, 'py, T>) -> Self {
bound.0
}
}
impl<T> From<BoundRef<'_, '_, T>> for Py<T> {
#[inline]
fn from(bound: BoundRef<'_, '_, T>) -> Self {
bound.0.clone().unbind()
}
}
impl<'py, T> std::ops::Deref for BoundRef<'_, 'py, T> {
type Target = Bound<'py, T>;
#[inline]
fn deref(&self) -> &Self::Target {
self.0
}
}
pub unsafe fn tp_new_impl<T: PyClass>(
py: Python<'_>,
initializer: PyClassInitializer<T>,
target_type: *mut ffi::PyTypeObject,
) -> PyResult<*mut ffi::PyObject> {
initializer
.create_class_object_of_type(py, target_type)
.map(Bound::into_ptr)
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
#[test]
#[cfg(any(Py_3_10, not(Py_LIMITED_API)))]
fn test_fastcall_function_with_keywords() {
use super::PyMethodDef;
use crate::types::{PyAnyMethods, PyCFunction};
use crate::{ffi, Python};
Python::with_gil(|py| {
unsafe extern "C" fn accepts_no_arguments(
_slf: *mut ffi::PyObject,
_args: *const *mut ffi::PyObject,
nargs: ffi::Py_ssize_t,
kwargs: *mut ffi::PyObject,
) -> *mut ffi::PyObject {
assert_eq!(nargs, 0);
assert!(kwargs.is_null());
Python::assume_gil_acquired().None().into_ptr()
}
let f = PyCFunction::internal_new(
py,
&PyMethodDef::fastcall_cfunction_with_keywords(
ffi::c_str!("test"),
accepts_no_arguments,
ffi::c_str!("doc"),
),
None,
)
.unwrap();
f.call0().unwrap();
});
}
}